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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and biological activities of photoaffinity labeling analogs of substance P (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 25 (1982), S. 470-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00346a025
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Synthesis and biological activities of substance P antagonists (1982)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Journal of medicinal chemistry 25 (1982), S. 1313-1316 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4804
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/jm00353a008
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    On the "Effective" Viscosity of Liquid-Liquid Dispersions (1976)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 15 (1976), S. 120-125 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i160058a007
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differential effect of dithiothreitol and DuP 753 on angiotensin II receptor subtypes in bovine cerebellar cortex
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Peptides 14 (1993), S. 1037-1041 
    Details
    ISSN: 0196-9781
    Keywords: AT"1 ; AT"2 ; Angiotensin II receptor subtypes ; Dithiothreitol ; Heterogeneity
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0196-9781(93)90083-S
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bi-lateral reactive force patterns in postural sway activity of normal subjects (1989)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 60 (1989), S. 297-305 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Postural activity of normal subjects while standing still, as measured via the reactive foot-ground reactive forces, was investigated separately for each of the supporting legs, to provide detailed information on the individual activity of each side. Such information is not accessible if the overall reactive forces on the whole body are measured instead. Twenty-three normal adult subjects (average age 41 years) took part in the measuring tests, which were made on two collaterally installed force platforms. From the force traces obtained, the following parameters were determined: timings and amplitudes of the waveforms, separately for each foot and sequence of the force vectors on both feet and in relation to each other. Weight-bearing imbalance was defined in the vertical direction to express the difference between the average forces supported by each of the legs. Two parameters were defined by combining the force results obtained on each of the legs in the horizontal plane: sway total activity, representing the resultant of the added vectornorms in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions, respectively; and asymmetry, representing the resultant of the subtracted above vector norms. The results indicated that, although the force traces were synchronous to each other, different vectorial force patterns were found, indicating different levels of stabilizing activities on each of the legs. This was also demonstrated by the fact that sway total activity was found considerably higher than the net reactive forces acting on the whole body during sway. Hence, in treating the external forces involved in the stabilization and regulation of human posture, the activity of each of the legs should be taken into account, rather than the resultant forces acting on the body as a whole. The obtained results may thus serve as input force vectors in a multi-segmental model of biped standing.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00204127
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Standing sway: iterative estimation of the kinematics and dynamics of the lower extremities from force-plate measurements (1998)
    Springer
    Biological cybernetics 78 (1998), S. 319-327 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0770
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Computer Science , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, a model for the estimation of the dynamics of the lower extremities in standing sway from force plate data only is presented. A three-dimensional, five-segment, four-joint model of the human body was used to describe postural standing sway dynamics. Force-plate data of the reactive forces and centers of pressure were measured bilaterally. By applying the equations of motion to these data, the transversal trajectory of the center of gravity (CG) of the body was resolved in the sagittal and coronal planes. An inverse kinematics algorithm was used to evaluate the kinematics of the body segments. The dynamics of the segments was then resolved by using the Newton-Euler equations, and the model's estimated dynamic quantities of the distal segments were compared with those actually measured. Differences between model and measured dynamics were calculated and minimized, using an iterative algorithm to re-estimate joint positioning and anthropometric properties. The above method was tested with a group of 11 able-bodied subjects, and the results indicated that the relative errors obtained in the final iteration were of the same order of magnitude as those reported for closed loop problems involved in direct kinematics measurements of human gait.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004220050436
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Current Distribution in Skeletal Muscle Activated by Functional Electrical Stimulation: Image-Series Formulation and Isometric Recruitment Curve (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 28 (2000), S. 1218-1228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Functional electrical stimulation ; Nonhomogeneous medium ; Green's function ; Current distribution ; Image series ; Volume conductor ; Isometric recruitment curve (IRC)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract The present work develops an analytical model that allows one to estimate the current distribution within the whole muscle and the resulting isometric recruitment curve (IRC). The quasistatic current distribution, expressed as an image series, i.e., a collection of properly weighted and shifted point-source responses, outlines an extension for more than three layers of the classical image theory in conductive plane-stratified media. Evaluation of the current distribution via the image series expansions requires substantially less computational time than the standard integral representation. The expansions use a unique recursive representation for Green's function, that is a generic characteristic of the stratification. This approach permits one to verify which of the tissue electrical properties are responsible for the current density distribution within the muscle, and how significant their combinations are. In addition, the model permits one to study the effect of different electrode placement on the shape and the magnitude of the potential distribution. A simple IRC model was used for parameter estimation and model verification by comparison with experimentally obtained isometric recruitment curves. Sensitivity of the model to different parameters such as conductivity of the tissues and activation threshold was verified. The resulting model demonstrated characteristic features that were similar to those of experimentally obtained data. The model also quantitatively confirmed the differences existing between surface (transcutaneous) and implanted (percutaneous) electrode stimulation. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8719Ff, 8754Dt, 8719Nn, 8717Nn
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.1320842
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fatigue-Related Loading Imbalance on the Shank in Running: A Possible Factor in Stress Fractures (2000)
    Springer
    Annals of biomedical engineering 28 (2000), S. 463-469 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9686
    Keywords: Impact acceleration ; Tibial injury ; Bone load ; Tibialis anterior ; Gastrocnemius
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine , Technology
    Notes: Abstract In previous reports we have shown that in long distance running the impact acceleration on the shank increases with progressing fatigue. The aim of the present study was to test whether, in parallel to this increase, an imbalance in the activities between the ankle plantar and dorsi flexor muscles develops. The tests were made on fourteen subjects during 30 min treadmill running above their anaerobic thresholds. Respiratory data were collected to determine the anaerobic threshold speed and to indicate the progressively developing metabolic fatigue. Surface electromyogram (EMG) was monitored to indicate the changing activity of the shank muscles. In the tibialis anterior the average integrated EMG (iEMG) and the mean power frequency (MPF) significantly decreased from the beginning to the end of running. In the gastrocnemius iEMG did not change, while MPF increased during the course of running. The impact acceleration, measured by means of an accelerometer attached to the tibial tuberosity, significantly increased during the course of running. It was concluded that, with developing fatigue, an imbalance in the contraction of the shank muscles develops in parallel to an increase in shank shock acceleration. The combination of these two changes may hamper the loading balance on the tibia since the bone becomes exposed to excessive bending stresses and to higher risk of stress injury. © 2000 Biomedical Engineering Society. PAC00: 8719St, 0180+b, 8719Rr, 8719Nn, 8719Ff
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1114/1.284
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Investigation of load transfer and optimum pin configuration in the internal fixation, by Muller screws, of fractured femoral necks (1980)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 18 (1980), S. 319-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Femoral neck ; Fracture ; Internal fixation ; Load bearing ; Muller screws ; Strain gauge
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Five pairs of matching hips were tested under conditions of low-speed mechanical loading in the unfractured and artificially fractured states, to gain an understanding of the mechanism of load transfer for various orientations of Muller cancellous screws used in the internal fixation of the femoral neck. The results indicate that the pins' contribution to load bearing is small in the unfractured case, for which the stresses on the neck can be predicted by cantilever-beam theory. In the fractured state, a triangular 3-pin orientation of two superior and one inferior pin was found to be optimal for osteoporotic bone, particularly with a small neck, under conditions of good pin placement. A 4-pin orientation was found better than a 3-pin orientation for non-osteoporotic bone with a large femoral neck.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02443386
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative weightbearing and gait evaluation of paraplegics using functional electrical stimulation (1985)
    Springer
    Medical & biological engineering & computing 23 (1985), S. 101-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 1741-0444
    Keywords: Biomechanics ; Functional electrical stimulation ; Gait ; Paraplegia ; Weightbearing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In this study functional electrical stimulation (FES) was used to generate supported gait in paraplegic patients with traumatic upper-motor-neuron lesions, between the T5 and T12 spinal levels. Four patients have so far been treated and studied over a period of one year. The quadriceps and gluteus maximus muscles are stimulated simultaneously to achieve a supported standing position, while hip, knee and ankle flexions are achieved, alternately for each leg by stimulating the shank surface at two selected locations (flexion reflex). The stimulus used has an intensity of 120V, duration of 0·3 ms and frequency of 24 Hz. The standing and walking behaviour of patients was monitored in the gait laboratory of the Loewenstein Hospital. The amount of weightbearing on each foot during standing was established by time integration, over a standard period of time, of the reaction forces, as measured by ‘Kistler’ force platforms, on which the patient was required to stand, while taking care to support his walking aids outside the platform area. The gait of the patients was evaluated by means of an electrical contact system in which time/distance parameters of the stride were measured. Some typical results indicate a walking velocity of 10 cm s−1 and weightbearing on the feet during standing of 80 per cent of body weight. Computer processing of the data acquired was used to obtain objective evaluation of the patients' progress during their training period towards easier and more independent mobility.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02456745
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