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  • 1
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    Covalent attachment of streptavidin to two dimensional magnetic nanocomposite enhances surface enhancement Raman spectroscopic signal (2019)
    American Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-04-28
    Print ISSN: 0021-8979
    Electronic ISSN: 1089-7550
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Institute of Physics
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  • 2
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    An assessment of Antarctic Circumpolar Current and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation during 1958–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations (2015)
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Modelling, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 93, pp. 84-120, ISSN: 1463-5003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-05
    Description: In the framework of the second phase of the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiments (CORE-II), we present an analysis of the representation of the Antarctic Circumpolar Current (ACC) and Southern Ocean meridional overturning circulation (MOC) in a suite of seventeen global ocean–sea ice models. We focus on the mean, variability and trends of both the ACC and MOC over the 1958–2007 period, and discuss their relationship with the surface forcing. We aim to quantify the degree of eddy saturation and eddy compensation in the models participating in CORE-II, and compare our results with available observations, previous fine-resolution numerical studies and theoretical constraints. Most models show weak ACC transport sensitivity to changes in forcing during the past five decades, and they can be considered to be in an eddy saturated regime. Larger contrasts arise when considering MOC trends, with a majority of models exhibiting significant strengthening of the MOC during the late 20th and early 21st century. Only a few models show a relatively small sensitivity to forcing changes, responding with an intensified eddy-induced circulation that provides some degree of eddy compensation, while still showing considerable decadal trends. Both ACC and MOC interannual variabilities are largely controlled by the Southern Annular Mode (SAM). Based on these results, models are clustered into two groups. Models with constant or two-dimensional (horizontal) specification of the eddy-induced advection coefficient κ show larger ocean interior decadal trends, larger ACC transport decadal trends and no eddy compensation in the MOC. Eddy-permitting models or models with a three-dimensional time varying κ show smaller changes in isopycnal slopes and associated ACC trends, and partial eddy compensation. As previously argued, a constant in time or space κ is responsible for a poor representation of mesoscale eddy effects and cannot properly simulate the sensitivity of the ACC and MOC to changing surface forcing. Evidence is given for a larger sensitivity of the MOC as compared to the ACC transport, even when approaching eddy saturation. Future process studies designed for disentangling the role of momentum and buoyancy forcing in driving the ACC and MOC are proposed.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    An assessment of Southern Ocean water masses and sea ice during 1988–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations (2015)
    ELSEVIER SCI LTD
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Modelling, ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 94, pp. 67-94, ISSN: 1463-5003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2015-11-05
    Description: We characterise the representation of the Southern Ocean water mass structure and sea ice within a suite of 15 global ocean-ice models run with the Coordinated Ocean-ice Reference Experiment Phase II (CORE-II) protocol. The main focus is the representation of the present (1988–2007) mode and intermediate waters, thus framing an analysis of winter and summer mixed layer depths; temperature, salinity, and potential vorticity structure; and temporal variability of sea ice distributions. We also consider the interannual variability over the same 20 year period. Comparisons are made between models as well as to observation-based analyses where available. The CORE-II models exhibit several biases relative to Southern Ocean observations, including an underestimation of the model mean mixed layer depths of mode and intermediate water masses in March (associated with greater ocean surface heat gain), and an overestimation in September (associated with greater high latitude ocean heat loss and a more northward winter sea-ice extent). In addition, the models have cold and fresh/warm and salty water column biases centred near 50°S. Over the 1988–2007 period, the CORE-II models consistently simulate spatially variable trends in sea-ice concentration, surface freshwater fluxes, mixed layer depths, and 200–700 m ocean heat content. In particular, sea-ice coverage around most of the Antarctic continental shelf is reduced, leading to a cooling and freshening of the near surface waters. The shoaling of the mixed layer is associated with increased surface buoyancy gain, except in the Pacific where sea ice is also influential. The models are in disagreement, despite the common CORE-II atmospheric state, in their spatial pattern of the 20-year trends in the mixed layer depth and sea-ice.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    An assessment of global and regional sea level for years 1993–2007 in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations (2014)
    Elsevier
    In:  EPIC3Ocean Modelling, Elsevier, 78, pp. 35-89, ISSN: 1463-5003
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-26
    Description: We provide an assessment of sea level simulated in a suite of global ocean-sea ice models using the interannual CORE atmospheric state to determine surface ocean boundary buoyancy and momentum fluxes. These CORE-II simulations are compared amongst themselves as well as to observation-based estimates. We focus on the final 15 years of the simulations (1993–2007), as this is a period where the CORE-II atmospheric state is well sampled, and it allows us to compare sea level related fields to both satellite and in situ analyses. The ensemble mean of the CORE-II simulations broadly agree with various global and regional observation-based analyses during this period, though with the global mean thermosteric sea level rise biased low relative to observation-based analyses. The simulations reveal a positive trend in dynamic sea level in the west Pacific and negative trend in the east, with this trend arising from wind shifts and regional changes in upper 700 m ocean heat content. The models also exhibit a thermosteric sea level rise in the subpolar North Atlantic associated with a transition around 1995/1996 of the North Atlantic Oscillation to its negative phase, and the advection of warm subtropical waters into the subpolar gyre. Sea level trends are predominantly associated with steric trends, with thermosteric effects generally far larger than halosteric effects, except in the Arctic and North Atlantic. There is a general anti-correlation between thermosteric and halosteric effects for much of the World Ocean, associated with density compensated changes.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    An assessment of global and regional sea level in a suite of interannual CORE-II simulations: a synopsis (2013)
    In:  EPIC3Exchanges : newsletter of the Climate Variability and Predictability Programme (CLIVAR), No.62,(2), pp. 11-15, ISSN: 1026-0471
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-16
    Description: There is a growing number of observation-based measures of sea level related patterns with the advent of the Argo floats (since the early 2000s) and satellite altimeters (since 1993). These measures provide a valuable means to evaluate aspects of global model simulations, such as the global ocean-sea ice simulations run as part of the interannual Coordinated Ocean- ice Reference Experiments Griffies et al. (2009), Danabasoglu et al. (2013). In addition, these CORE-II simulations provide a means for evaluating the likely mechanisms causing sea level variations, particularly when models with different skill are compared against each other and observations. We have conducted an assessment of CORE-II simulations from 13 model configurations Griffies et al. (2013), with a focus on their ability to capture observed trends in ocean heat content as well as the corresponding dynamic sea level over the period 1993- 2007. Here, we provide a synopsis of the assessment.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , notRev
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  • 6
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    Gonadal maturity assessment of butter catfish (Ompok bimaculatus) from major rivers and tributaries of India during spawning season (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: The present work focused on exploring reproductive biology of fish from different major rivers of India and their tributaries by comparing ovarian protein, fecundity, oocyte weight, oocyte diameter and condition factor during the spawning period. Significant correlation was found between reproductive parameters of fish in the major rivers and their tributaries. Among the parameters studied fecundity showed the highest correlation with ovarian protein level and oocyte weight in the major rivers, whereas in tributaries it was highly correlated with ovarian protein. The results from a wild population showed that the fecundity and ovarian protein level were significantly higher in the Narmada River, and the lowest in river Ganga (U.P.). Among the tributaries, maximum ovarian fecundity was observed in fish with the highest protein concentration from River Hooghly. The condition factor (K) in female Ompok bimaculatus were reported to be significantly high in the major River Cauveri and Sharda tributary. The oocyte weight was significantly higher in the major River Krishna and the lowest in fish from River Godavari. In fish samples collected from tributaries, those Sone River showed the highest oocyte diameter and fish from Betwa River showed the lowest oocyte diameter. It can be concluded that the aquatic atmosphere in the local area plays an important role in species specification and can affect their reproductive performance as well as their survival.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Fecundity ; Oocyte diameter and weight ; Condition factor ; Ovarian protein concentration ; Ompok bimaculatus
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.458-470
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amelioration of a highly alkaline soil by trees in northern India (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Soil use and management 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1475-2743
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract. A study was carried out to compare the impact of 6-year-old plantations of Prosopis juliflora (Swartz) D.C., Dalbergia sissoo Roxb. Ex. D.C. and Eucalyptus tereticornis Sm. on the physical and chemical properties of sodic soil in the Indo-Gangetic alluvial plains of Uttar Pradesh, India. Soil properties under the three tree species showed significant improvement through a reduction in the pH, electrical conductivity, exchangeable sodium percentage, CaCO3 and gypsum requirement, and by increase in organic C, total N, and available P and K. The six years of reclamation had achieved a marked reduction in exchangeable sodium (from 11.5 to 4.5 cmolc kg−1) to a depth of 1.5 m in the soil profile, whereas the levels of exchangeable calcium, magnesium and potassium had increased. There was also a significant reduction in soil bulk density (from 1.66 to 1.24 g cm−3) and increases in porosity, water holding capacity, field capacity, permeability and infiltration rate. The equilibrium infiltration rate after 455 min increased from 0.03 cm h−1 in the control to 0.13 cm h−1 under P juliflora and D. sissoo and 0.10 cm h−1 under E. tereticornis. It is concluded that salt-tolerant tree species have a significant impact on soil properties, which could help to rehabilitate the sodic wastelands in the region.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-2743.2004.tb00377.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reactions of bismuth trichloride in diemthylformamide (1971)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Inorganic chemistry 10 (1971), S. 1896-1899 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-510X
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ic50103a011
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamics of laser produced carbon plasma expanding in low pressure ambient atmosphere (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 2831-2834 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The laser produced carbon plasma expanding in vacuum (P〈10−3 Torr) and low pressure ambient atmosphere (P〈10−2 Torr and P=10−1 Torr) has been studied by emission spectroscopy and fast photography using intensified charged coupled device (ICCD). The double peak structure is observed in the temporal profile of C I transition 2p3 3D0–8f F (5/2) at 399.7 nm, C II transition 3d 2D–4f 2F0 at 426.7 nm, and C III transition 3s 3S–3p 3P0 at 465.0 nm as the plasma expands in ambient atmosphere. The stratification of the plasma into slow and fast components is imaged using ICCD. A compression wave model is proposed to explain the occurrence of a double peak structure. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.366994
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fock space representation of differential calculus on the noncommutative quantum space (1997)
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Mathematical Physics 38 (1997), S. 466-475 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7658
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Mathematics , Physics
    Notes: A complete Fock space representation of the covariant differential calculus on quantum space is constructed. The consistency criteria for the ensuing algebraic structure, mapping to the canonical fermions and bosons and the consequences of the new algebra for the statistics of quanta are analyzed and discussed. The concept of statistical transmutation between bosons and fermions is introduced. © 1997 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.531828
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