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  • 1
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    Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge (1987)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0095-3628
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-184X
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A taxon-specific oligonucleotide probe for temperate zone soil isolates of Glomus mosseae (1998)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 8 (1998), S. 19-27 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Key words Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi ; Internal transcribed spacer ; Ribosomal DNA
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract  The 5.8 S subunit and flanking internal transcribed spacer (ITS) regions in nuclear ribosomal DNA (rDNA) from spores of Glomus mosseae FL156 and UK118 were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using ITS1 and ITS4 as primers. The amplification product from template DNA of UK118 was cloned and sequenced (569 bp); the amplified DNA from FL156 was sequenced directly (582 bp). There was a 95% sequence similarity between DNAs amplified from the two isolates; in contrast, major dissimilarities with partial sequences of seven other glomalean taxa were observed. Four oligonucleotide sequences unique to Glomus mosseae were identified as potential primers. Their specificity to Glomus mosseae was assessed by PCR amplification of genomic DNA from spores from 36 glomalean fungi: 13 isolates of Glomus mosseae, two Glomus monosporum, 10 other Glomus isolates, and 11 other glomalean taxa from each of four other genera. The Glomus mosseae isolates were from a broad range of temperate zone agricultural soils. Oligonucleotide pair GMOS1 : GMOS2 primed specific amplification of an oligonucleotide sequence (approximately 400 bp) present in all Glomus mosseae isolates and two isolates of the closely related Glomus monosporum. This primer pair did not prime PCR when the template consisted of DNA from any of the other glomalean fungi or any of the nonmycorrhizal controls. In addition, a 24-mer oligonucleotide, designated GMOS5, hybridized with Glomus mosseae and Glomus monosporum DNA amplified by PCR using primer pairs ITS1 : ITS4 and GMOS1 : GMOS2. Colony-blot assays showed that GMOS5 hybridized to 100% and 97% of E. coli pUC19 clones of amplification products from Glomus mosseae FL156 and UK118 DNA templates, respectively, indicating that nearly all clones contained an homologous sequence. GMOS5 was used successfully to detect specifically Glomus mosseae in DNA extracted from colonized sudan grass (Sorghum sudanense L.) roots and amplified by PCR using the primer pair GMOS1 : GMOS2. The results confirm several previous indications that Glomus mosseae and Glomus monosporum are indistinguishable taxonomic entities.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s005720050206
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A guide to the recent literature on aspergillosis as caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, a fungus frequently found in self-heating organic matter (1979)
    Springer
    Mycopathologia 69 (1979), S. 67-81 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0832
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Spores of Aspergillus fumigatus have been found to be abundantly present in the outdoor air at a site where large scale experimental composting of sewage sludge is in progress at Beltsville, Maryland. The health significance of this finding, for that site and for others in the future, is still only incompletely understood. Further studies are in progress to characterize absolute concentrations of the spores of the fungus in air at the site, spore dispersal by air from composting operations, and background environmental spore levels in air. The present paper contains a list of references to papers on health effects of A. fumigatus, many published in the past ten years, along with a review of the same designed to assist the reader in finding information on particular aspects of the subject in the literature. It is intended primarily as an aid to individuals interested in sludge composting and wishing to attain an insight into the A. fumigatus-composting situation, but it may also interest others concerned with other substrates which become moldy at 40–50 C. A. fumigatus has been found in great numbers in naturally and artificially heated environments such as decaying leaves, compost heaps, solar heated sloughs, cooling canals for nuclear power generators, silos, grain storage bins, boiler rooms, detritus around steam turbines and sauna baths. The evident practical merits of sludge composting have been described elsewhere; the information presented here has its main significance in respect to requirements for choice of locations for composting sites and to process and design criteria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428605
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Beltsville method for soilless production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (1992)
    Springer
    Mycorrhiza 2 (1992), S. 9-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1890
    Keywords: Nutrient solution ; Spore production ; Glomus etunicatum ; Glomus mosseae ; Gigaspora margarita
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A low-cost, low-maintenance system for soilless production of vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungus spores and inoculum was developed and adapted for production of acidophilic and basophilic isolates. Corn (Zea mays) plants were grown with Glomus etunicatum, G. mosseae or Gigaspora margarita in sand automatically irrigated with modified Hoagland's solution. Sand particle size, irrigation frequency, P concentration, and buffer constituents were adjusted to maximize spore production. Modified half-strength Hoagland's solution buffered with 4-morpholine ethane-sulfonic acid (MES) automatically applied 5 times/day resulted in production of 235 G. etunicatum spores/g dry wt. of medium (341000 spores/pot) and 44 G. margarita spores/g dry wt. of medium (64800 spores/pot). For six basophilic isolates of G. mosseae, CaCO3 was incorporated into the sand and pots were supplied with the same nutrient solution as for acidophilic isolates. The increased pH from 6.1±0.2 to 7.2±0.2 resulted in spore production ranging from 70 to 145 spores/g dry wt. (102000–210000 spores/pot). Spore production by all isolates grown in the soilless sand system at Beltsville has exceeded that of traditional soil mixtures by 32–362% in 8–12 weeks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00206278
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbially mediated growth suppression and death of salmonella in composted sewage sludge (1987)
    Springer
    Microbial ecology 14 (1987), S. 255-265 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-184X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The role of compost microflora in the suppression of salmonella regrowth in composted sewage sludge was investigated. Microbial inhibition studies of salmonella growth were conducted on nutrient agar, in composts that had been subjected to different temperatures in compost piles, and in radiation sterilized composts inoculated with selected fractions of the compost microflora. Agar assays of inhibition indicated that bacteria and actinomycetes were not suppressive to salmonellae, but a few fungi were. However, compost inoculation assays showed consistently that fungi were not suppressive, but bacteria and actinomycetes were. In compost inoculation assays, microbial antagonists, when present, either killed salmonellae or reduced their growth rate. No suppression of salmonellae occurred in compost taken from 70°C compost-pile zones despite the presence and growth of many types of microbes. With greater numbers and kinds of microbes in 55°C compost, salmonella growth was suppressed 100–10,000-fold. Salmonellae died when inoculated into compost from unheated zones (25–40°C) of piles. Prior colonization of compost with only noncoliform gram-negative bacteria suppressed salmonellae growth 3,000-fold. Coliforms when inoculated prior to salmonellae accounted for 75% of salmonella die-off. Mesophilic curing to allow colonization of curing piles in their entirety by gram-negative bacteria, especially coliforms, should be an effective way to prevent repopulation by salmonellae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02012945
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