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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymic Profiling of Immobilized Cells Using CZE (1994)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 66 (1994), S. 2420-2423 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00086a033
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    OSMOADAPTATION BY RHIZOSPHERE BACTERIA (1996)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 50 (1996), S. 101-136 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The osmolality of rhizosphere soil water is expected to be elevated in relation to bulk-soil water osmolality as a result of the exclusion of solutes by plant roots during water uptake, the release of plant root exudates, and the production of exopolymers by plant roots and rhizobacteria. In contrast, the osmolality of water within highly hydrated bulk soil is low (less than 50 Osm/kg); thus the ability to adapt to elevated osmolality is likely to be important for successful rhizosphere colonization by rhizobacteria. The present review focuses on the osmoadaptive responses of three gram-negative rhizobacterial genera: Rhizobium, Azospirillum, and Pseudomonas. Specifically, we examine the compatible solutes and osmoprotectants utilized by various species within these genera. The adaptation of rhizobacteria to hypoosmotic environments is also examined in the present review. In particular, we focus on the biosynthesis and accumulation of periplasmic glucans by rhizobacteria. Finally, the relationship between rhizobacterial osmoadaptation and selected plant-microbe interactions is considered.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.micro.50.1.101
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrophoretically mediated microanalysis of leucine aminopeptidase in complex matrixes using time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence detection (1993)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Analytical chemistry 65 (1993), S. 3267-3270 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-6882
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ac00070a017
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Frost-weathering on Mars: Experimental evidence for peroxide formation (1979)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 14 (1979), S. 103-132 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Frost ; Weathering ; Peroxide ; Mars ; Viking ; Soil ; Chemisorption
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A laboratory study of the interaction of H2O frost with samples of the minerals olivine (Mg,Fe)2SiO4 and pyroxene (Mg,Fe)SiO3 at −11°C to −22°C revealed that an acidic oxidant was produced. Exposure of the frost-treated minerals to liquid H2O produced a sudden drop in pH and resulted in the production of copious O2(g) (as much as ~ 1020 molecules g−1). Exposure of frost-treated samples to 5 ml of 0.1M HCOONa solution resulted in the rapid oxidation of up to 43% of the formate to CO2(g). These reactions were qualitatively similar to the chemical activity observed during the active cycles of the Viking lander Gas Exchange and Labeled Release Biology experiments. Attempts to identify the oxidant by chemical indicators were inconclusive, but they tentatively suggested that chemisorbed hydrogen peroxide may have formed. The formation of chemisorbed peroxide could be explained as a byproduct of the chemical reduction of the mineral. The following model was proposed. Hc was incorporated into the mineral from surface frost. This would have left behind a residual of excess OH− (ads) (relative to surface H+). Electrons were then stripped from the surface OH− (ads) (due to the large repulsive potential between neighboring OH− (ads)) and incorporated into the crystal to restore charge balance and produce a chemical reduction of the mineral. The resultant surface hydroxyl radicals could then have combined to form the more stable chemisorbed hydrogen peroxide species. While the chemisorbed peroxide should be relatively stable at low temperatures, it should tend to decay to O(ads) + H2O(g) at higher temperatures with an activation energy of ≳ 34 kcal mole−1. This is consistent with the long-term storage and sterilization behavior of the Viking soil oxidants. It is possible that as little as 0.1–1% frost-weathered material in the Martian soil could have produced the unusual chemical activity that occurred during the Viking Gas Exchange and Labeled Release experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01732372
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glycine betaine and proline are the principal compatible solutes ofStaphylococcus aureus (1991)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 23 (1991), S. 131-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The foodborne pathogenStaphylococcus aureus is distinguished by its ability to grow within environments of extremely high osmolarity (e.g., foods with low water activity values). In the present study, we examined the accumulation of intracellular organic solutes withinS. aureus strain ATCC 12600 when cells were grown in a complex medium containing high concentrations of NaCl. Consistent with previous reports [Measures JC (1975) Nature 257:398–400; Koujima I, et al. (1978) Appl Environ Microbiol 35:467–470; and Anderson CB, Witter LD (1982) Appl Environ Microbiol 43:1501–1503], intracellular proline was found to accumulate to high concentrations. However, NMR spectroscopy of cell extracts revealed glycine betaine to be the predominant intracellular organic solute accumulated within cells grown at high osmolarity. In additional experiments, we examined the growth rate ofS. aureus in a defined medium of high osmolarity and found it to be stimulated significantly by the presence of either exogenous proline or glycine betaine. Highest growth rates were obtained when the defined medium was supplemented with glycine betaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02091971
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The phospholipid composition ofBradyrhizobium spp (1990)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 21 (1990), S. 205-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The phospholipid composition of two strains ofBradyrhizobium is reported. In contrast to previous studies [Bunn CR, Elkan GH (1970) Can J Microbiol 17:291–295; and Gerson T, Patel JJ (1975) Appl Microbiol 30:193–198], we determined that phosphatidylglycerol is a major phospholipid within this bacterial genus. Furthermore, neither phosphatidylserine nor phosphatidylinositol was detected within lipid extracts derived from these bacteria. In addition to phosphatidylglycerol, other major phospholipids ofBradyrhizobium were shown to include phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and cardiolipin. Possible explanations for the discrepancies between the present study and those of previous investigations are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02092123
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cyclic beta-1,6-1,3 glucans ofBradyrhizobium: Functional analogs of the cyclic beta-1,2-glucans ofRhizobium? (1992)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 24 (1992), S. 101-104 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We have previously shown that species ofBradyrhizobium synthesize a novel class of cyclic beta glucans which contains both beta-1,6 and beta-1,3 glycosidic linkages [Miller KJ, Gore RS, Johnson R, Benesi AJ, Reinhold VN (1990) J Bacteriol 172:136–142]. In the present study we show that these cell-associated glucans are localized within the periplasmic compartment and that the biosynthesis of these glucans is osmotically regulated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01570905
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A halotolerantPlanococcus from Antarctic Dry Valley soil (1984)
    Springer
    Current microbiology 11 (1984), S. 205-209 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0991
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A halotolerantPlanococcus (strain A4a) was isolated from saline Antarctic Dry Valley soil.Planococcus strain A4a grew over wide ranges of temperature (0°C−40°C) and NaCl concentrations (0–2.0M). When the NaCl concentration of the growth medium was increased, the total intracellular free amino acid concentration increased; however, the intracellular potassium concentration did not increase. This result suggested that intracellular free amino acids functioned as compatible solutes for growth ofPlanococcus strain A4a at elevated NaCl concentrations. The halotolerant and psychrotolerant nature ofPlanococcus strain A4a would appear to provide it with the capacity for growth in the saline Antarctic Dry Valley soil environment from which it was isolated.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01567161
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  • 9
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    A halotolerantPlanococcus from Antarctic Dry Valley soil (1984)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1984-07-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-8651
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Glycine betaine and proline are the principal compatible solutes ofStaphylococcus aureus (1991)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1991-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0343-8651
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0991
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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