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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catabolism of 4-hydroxybenzoate in Candida parapsilosis proceeds through initial oxidative decarboxylation by a FAD-dependent 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 121 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The first two steps in the catabolism of 4-hydroxybenzoate by the ascomycetous yeast Candida parapsilosis CBS604 were investigated. In contrast to the well-known bacterial pathways and to what was previously assumed, metabolism of 4-hydroxybenzoate in C. parapsilosis proceeds through initial oxidative decarboxylation to give 1,4-dihydroxybenzene. This reaction is catalyzed by a NAD(P)H and FAD-dependent 4-hydroxybenzoate 1-hydroxylase. Further metabolism of 1,4-dihydroxybenzene to the ring-fission substrate 1,2,4-trihydroxybenzene is catalyzed by a NADPH-specific FAD-dependent aromatic hydroxylase acting on phenolic compounds. 19F-NMR experiments with cell extracts and 2-fluoro-4-hydroxybenzoate as the model compound confirm this metabolic pathway and exclude the alternative pathway proceeding through initial 3-hydroxylation followed by oxidative decarboxylation in the second step.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1994.tb07100.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gratuitous induction of xanthine oxidase by 5,6-diaminouracil in continuously grown cells of Arthrobacter globiformis M4 (1989)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 32 (1989), S. 323-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary 5,6-Diaminouracil (DAU), was found to be a gratuitous inducer of xanthine oxidase (XO) in Arthrobacter globiformis M4. Synthesis of urate oxidase was not induced by this compound. Preparation of a biocatalyst rich in XO could be achieved by exposing continuously grown cells to low concentrations of DAU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00184983
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of antigenic extracellular polysaccharides by selected strains ofMucor spp.,Rhizopus spp.,Rhizomucor spp.,Absidia corymbifera andSyncephalastrum racemosum (1992)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 62 (1992), S. 189-199 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: antigen ; ELISA ; extracellular polysaccharides ; Mucor ; Pichia ; Rhizopus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In this study, polyclonal IgG antibodies raised against extracellular polysaccharides (EPS) ofMucor racemosus were characterised as almost specific for moulds belonging to the order of Mucorales. Cross-reactivity in the ELISA could be observed only towards the yeastPichia membranaefaciens. EPS were isolated from various cultures ofM. hiemalis growing on six different carbon sources and two nitrogen sources, with ratios varying from 0.13 to 0.44 relative to the amount of biomass. Other strains includingMucor spp.,Rhizopus spp.,Rhizomucor spp.,Absidia corymbifera andSyncephalastrum racemosum also excreted EPS, with ratios varying from 0.05 to 0.23. In all cases, the excreted EPS had similar antigenic properties as determined by ELISA. No enzymatic degradation of the antigenic parts of the polysaccharides could be observed upon prolonged incubation. Considering that all tested strains formed similar amounts of antigenic EPS there might be scope for the specific detection of biomass of Mucoralean moulds using ELISA techniques for example in food.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582579
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of caffeine by immobilized cells of Pseudomonas putida strain C 3024 (1982)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 15 (1982), S. 214-217 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary A caffeine-resistant strain of Pseudomonas putida was isolated from soil and was grown with caffeine as the sole source of carbon, energy and nitrogen. Cells were immobilized in agar gel particles which were continuously supplied with a caffeine solution (0.52 g · l−1, D=1.0 h−1) in a homogeneously mixed aerated reaction vessel. In the presence of the ATPase inhibitor arsenate the caffeine was removed by the immobilized cells at an average rate of 0.25 mg caffeine · h−1 · (mg cell carbon)−1 during 6 days. Thereafter a rapid decline of activity was observed. From a similar system without arsenate supplied with a growth medium containing a limiting amount of caffeine (0.13 g · l−1) the caffeine was almost completely oxidized by the immobilized cells. The concentration of the remaining caffeine was 1.4 mg · l−1, which is much lower than the substrate constant for caffeine (9.7 mg · l−1) observed with freshly harvested suspended resting cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00499958
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-affinity amylolytic enzymes produced by the mould Trichoderma harzianum (1986)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 23 (1986), S. 400-403 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary The apparent substrate constants of the amylolytic enzymes produced by the mould Trichoderma harzianum CBS 354.33 were measured. The value for α-amylase was 64 mg starch·1-1 which is very low as compared with those of other α-amylases. The substrate constant for glucoamylase was 78 mg starch·l-1. Both enzymes were sensitive to Acarbose; 50% inhibition was observed at 2.5 mg·l-1 (α-amylase) and 0.10 mg·l-1 (glucoamylase).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00257041
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of benzene compounds by yeasts in acidic soils (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 145 (1992), S. 37-43 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: benzene compounds ; cresols ; Cryptococcus humicolus ; Cryptococcus laurentii ; Leucosporidium scottii ; Rhodotorula aurantiaca ; Rhodotorula mucilaginosa ; Trichosporon dulcitum ; Trichosporon moniliiforme ; Schizoblastosporion starkeyi-henricii ; soil yeasts ; yeast ecology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Attemps were made to demonstrate the role of yeasts in the degradation of benzene compounds under natural soil conditions. Yeasts were isolated from acidic sandy soil supplied with benzene compounds. For this purpose the ‘slant culture method’ was used. Growth on the benzene compounds took place on solid growth media at 10°C. Several yeast species were isolated: Leucosporidium scottii, Rhodotorula aurantiaca, Rhodotorula mucilaginosa, Trichosporon dulcitum, Trichosporon moniliiforme and Schizoblastosporion starkeyi-henricii. Cryptococcus humicolus and Cryptococcus laurentii were isolated from liquid enrichment cultures. All these strains assimilated several benzene compounds in pure culture. Cresol removal from contaminated soil was speeded up by inoculation with Rhodotorula aurantiaca G36. It was demonstrated that this yeast utilized this compound in competition with the soil microflora.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009539
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeast species utilizing uric acid, adenine,n-alkylamines or diamines as sole source of carbon and energy (1985)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 51 (1985), S. 289-301 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Yeast strains utilizing uric acid, adenine, monoamines or diamines as sole source of carbon and energy were isolated from several soil samples by the enrichment culture method. The most common species wasTrichosporon cutaneum. Strains ofCandida catenulata, C. famata, C. parapsilosis, C. rugosa, Cryptococcus laurentii, Stephanoascus ciferrii andTr. adeninovorans were also isolated. All strains utilizing uric acid as sole carbon source utilized some primaryn-alkyl-l-amines hydroxyamines or diamines as well. The ascomycetous yeast strains showing these characteristics all belonged to species known to assimilate hydrocarbons. Type strains of hydrocarbon-positive yeast species which were not found in the enrichment cultures generally assimilated putrescine, some type strains also butylamine or pentylamine, but none assimilated uric acid. Methanol-positive species were not isolated. Type strains of methanol-positive and of hydrocarbon-negative species did not assimilate uric acid, butylamine or putrescine. Assimilation of putrescine as sole source of carbon and energy may be a valuable diagnostic criterion in yeast taxonomy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02439938
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Yeasts and fungi occurring in ensiled whole-crop maize and other ensiled vegetable crops (1990)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 57 (1990), S. 153-158 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: silage ; yeast flora ; maize silage
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The yeast flora of whole-crop maize ensiled for two weeks was predominated by Candida holmii, C. lambica, C. milleri, Hansenula anomala and Saccharomyces dairensis. Inoculation with other yeast species reported in the literature to prevail in maize or wheat silages did not alter the yeast flora. At 25 or 30° C the ascomycetous fermentative species found at 20° C were accompanied with ascomycetous non-fermentative fungi, i.c. Exophiala jeanselmei and Verticillium psalliotae, by the non-fermentative imperfect basidiomycetous yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa and by the weakly fermentative imperfect ascomycetous yeast Trichosporon adeninovorans. The yeast flora of other vegetable crops, ensiled at 20° C for two weeks, was predominated by the same species that prevailed in ensiled maize, provided the crop did not contain mustard oils or menthol. If these compounds occurred in the crops, the yeast flora was predominated by nonfermentative species like Candida famata, Stephanoascus ciferrii, Rhodotorula minuta, Rh. rubra and Trichosporon cutaneum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00403949
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Degradation of some phenols and hydroxybenzoates by the imperfect ascomycetous yeastsCandida parapsilosis andArxula adeninivorans: evidence for an operative gentisate pathway (1992)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 62 (1992), S. 181-187 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: Arxula adeninivorans ; Candida parapsilosis ; gentisate pathway ; hydroxybenzoate metabolism ; hydroxyhydroquinone route ; phenol monooxygenase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The imperfect ascomycetous yeastsCandida parapsilosis andArxula adeninivorans degraded 3-hydroxybenzoic acid via gentisate which was the cleavage substrate. 4-Hydroxybenzoic acid was metabolized via protocatechuate. No cleavage enzyme for the latter was detected. In stead of this NADH- and NADPH-dependent monooxygenases were present. In cells grown at the expense of hydroquinone and 4-hydroxygenzoic acid, enzymes of the hydroxyhydroquinone variant of the 3-oxoadipate pathway were demonstrated, which also took part in the degradation of 2,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid byC. parapsilosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00582578
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catabolism of benzene compounds by ascomycetous and basidiomycetous yeasts and yeastlike fungi (1993)
    Springer
    Antonie van Leeuwenhoek 63 (1993), S. 125-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-9699
    Keywords: ascomycetes ; basidiomycetes ; benzene compounds ; hydroxybenzoic acids ; phenols ; yeast catabolism
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A literature review is given on growth of yeasts on benzene compounds and on the catabolic pathways involved. Additionally, a yeast collection was screened for assimilation of phenol and 3-hydroxybenzoic acid. Fifteen ascomycetous and thirteen basidiomycetous yeast species were selected and were tested for growth on 84 benzene compounds. It appeared that 63 of these compounds supported growth of one or more yeast species. The black yeastExophiala jeanselmei assimilated 54 of these compounds. The catechol branch of the 3-oxoadipate pathway and its hydroxyhydroquinone variant were involved in phenol and resorcinol catabolism of ascomycetes as well as of basidiomycetes. However, these two groups of yeasts showed characteristic differences in hydroxybenzoate catabolism. In the yeastlike fungusE. jeanselmei and in basidiomycetes of the generaCryptococcus, Leucosporidium andRhodotorula, the protocatechuate branch of the 3-oxoadipate pathway was induced by growth on 3- and 4-hydroxybenzoic acids. In threeTrichosporon species and in all ascomycetous yeasts tested, 4-hydroxybenzoic acid was catabolyzed via protocatechuate and hydroxyhydroquinone. These yeasts were unable to cleave protocatechuate. 3-Hydroxybenzoic and 3-hydroxycinnamic acids were catabolized in ascomycetous yeasts via the gentisate pathway, but in basidiomycetes via protocatechuate. Incomplete oxidation of phenol, some chlorophenols, cresols and xylenols was observed in cultures ofCandida parapsilosis growing on hydroquinone. Most compounds transformed by the growing culture were also converted by the phenol monooxygenase present in cell-free extracts of this yeast. They did not support growth. The relationship between the ability of ascomycetous yeasts to assimilate n-alkanes, amines and benzene compounds, and the presence of Coenzyme Q9 is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00872388
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