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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Pseudomonas siderophore quinolobactin is synthesized from xanthurenic acid, an intermediate of the kynurenine pathway (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 52 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To cope with iron deficiency fluorescent pseu-domonads produce pyoverdines which are complex peptidic siderophores that very efficiently scavenge iron. In addition to pyoverdine some species also produce other siderophores. Recently, it was shown that Pseudomonas fluorescens ATCC 17400 pro-duces the siderophore quinolobactin, an 8-hydroxy-4-methoxy-2-quinoline carboxylic acid (Mossialos, D., Meyer, J.M., Budzikiewicz, H., Wolff, U., Koedam, N., Baysse, C., Anjaiah, V., and Cornelis, P. (2000) Appl Environ Microbiol 66: 487–492). The entire quinolobactin biosynthetic, transport and uptake gene cluster, consisting out of two operons comprising 12 open reading frames, was cloned and sequenced. Based on the genes present and physiological complementation assays a biosynthetic pathway for quinolobactin is proposed. Surprisingly, this pathway turned out to combine genes derived from the eukaryotic tryptophan-xanthurenic acid branch of the kynurenine pathway and from the pathway for the biosynthesis of pyridine-2,6-bis(thiocarboxylic acid) from P. stutzeri, PDTC. These results clearly show the involvement of the tryptophan-kynurenine-xanthurenic acid pathway in the synthesis of an authentic quinoline siderophore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2004.03999.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions between ectomycorrhizal symbiosis and fluorescent pseudomonads on Acacia holosericea: isolation of mycorrhiza helper bacteria (MHB) from a Soudano-Sahelian soil (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 41 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Acacia holosericea seedlings were planted in 1-l pots filled with a soil collected from an Australian Acacia plantation in Southern Senegal. After 6 months of culture, mycorrhizosphere soil, roots, galls induced by root-knot nematodes and Rhizobium nodules were sampled from each pot. The diversity of this bacterial group was characterized by siderotyping (pyoverdine IsoElectric Focusing (IEF) analysis) and by restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP). The effect of these isolates on the establishment of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis between an Australian Acacia (A. holosericea) and Pisolithus sp. strain IR100 was studied. In the mycorrhizosphere soil, the population of fluorescent pseudomonads was represented by strains of two different siderovars (groups of bacterial strains presenting an identical pyoverdine–IEF pattern): siderovar 1 (74%) and siderovar 2 (26%). The siderotyping of the isolates around galls of the root-knot nematodes revealed three siderovars (40% from siderovar 1, 40% from siderovar 2 and about 15% from siderovar 3). RFLP of 16S rDNA divided the isolates into four different groups with MspI, two with HhaI and two with HaeIII endonucleases. The establishment of the ectomycorrhizal symbiosis with A. holosericea was promoted by 14 bacterial strains isolated from the mycorrhizosphere soil, three isolates from the roots and four from the galls. Shoot biomass of A. holosericea seedlings was stimulated by eight bacterial isolates from soil, six isolates from galls and seven from roots. These mycorrhiza helper bacteria could have a great ecological importance in tropical areas through the reforestation programs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2002.tb00964.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The ferripyoverdine receptor FpvA of Pseudomonas aeruginosa PAO1 recognizes the ferripyoverdines of P. aeruginosa PAO1 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 170 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: FpvA, the ferripyoverdine outer membrane receptor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 15692 (PAO1 strain), is not specific to the pyoverdine produced by PAO1, but is also able to recognize the structurally different (ferri)pyoverdine of P. fluorescens ATCC 13525. The specificity of FpvA was assessed by iron uptake competitions using the wild-type strains P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692 and P. fluorescens ATCC 13525 and their respective ferripyoverdines, and by fpvA gene complementation of a FpvA-deficient mutant of P. aeruginosa ATCC 15692. The receptor mutant was able to utilize none of the two pyoverdines, while the same but fpvA-complemented mutant recovered simultaneously the ability to incorporate iron thanks to each of the two siderophores. The broad specificity of recognition of FpvA is viewed as an advantage for the strain in iron competition. Moreover, it allows an interesting approach for the understanding of the recognition mechanism between a (ferri)pyoverdine and its cognate outer membrane receptor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1999.tb13367.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quorum-sensing and siderophore biosynthesis in Pseudomonas aeruginosa: lasRllasI mutants exhibit reduced pyoverdine biosynthesis (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 166 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Cell density-dependent gene expression in Pseudomonas aeruginosa is controlled, in part, by the quorum-sensing regulator LasR. lasR null mutants exhibited a reproducible 2-fold decrease in production of the catecholate-hydroxamate siderophore pyoverdine during grown under iron-limiting conditions. Similarly, lasI mutants defective in the biosynthesis of the autoinducer PAI-1 also exhibited a 2-fold decrease in pyoverdine production which could be largely restored upon addition of exogenous PAI-1. lasR mutants were not altered with respect to expression of the pvdD gene involved in the synthesis of the peptide portion of pyoverdine, indicating that some other pyoverdine biosynthetic gene(s) were affected by the LasRI status of the cell. This represents the first report of quorum-sensing regulation of siderophore production in bacteria and highlights the fact that cell density, while not an essential signal for pyoverdine expression, does enhance production of this siderophore.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1998.tb13910.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fitness in soil and rhizosphere of Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12 compared with a C7R12 mutant affected in pyoverdine synthesis and uptake (2000)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology ecology 34 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6941
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Fluorescent pseudomonads have evolved an efficient strategy of iron uptake based on the synthesis of the siderophore pyoverdine and its relevant outer membrane receptor. The possible implication of pyoverdine synthesis and uptake on the ecological competence of a model strain (Pseudomonas fluorescens C7R12) in soil habitats was evaluated using a pyoverdine minus mutant (PL1) obtained by random insertion of the transposon Tn5. The Tn5 flanking DNA was amplified by inverse PCR and sequenced. The nucleotide sequence was found to show a high level of identity with pvsB, a pyoverdine synthetase. As expected, the mutant PL1 was significantly more susceptible to iron starvation than the wild-type strain despite its ability to produce another unknown siderophore. As with the wild-type strain, the mutant PL1 was able to incorporate the wild-type pyoverdine and five pyoverdines of foreign origin, but at a significantly lower rate despite the similarity of the outer membrane protein patterns of the two strains. The survival kinetics of the wild-type and of the pyoverdine minus mutant, in bulk and rhizosphere soil, were compared under gnotobiotic and non-gnotobiotic conditions. In gnotobiotic model systems, both strains, when inoculated separately, showed a similar survival in soil and rhizosphere, suggesting that iron was not a limiting factor. In contrast, when inoculated together, the bacterial competition was favorable to the pyoverdine producer C7R12. The efficient fitness of PL1 in the presence of the indigenous microflora, even when coinoculated with C7R12, is assumed to be related to its ability to uptake heterologous pyoverdines. Altogether, these results suggest that pyoverdine-mediated iron uptake is involved in the ecological competence of the strain P. fluorescens C7R12.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6941.2000.tb00752.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-molecular-mass, iron-repressed cytoplasmic proteins in fluorescent Pseudomonas: potential peptide-synthetases for pyoverdine biosynthesis (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 132 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract High molecular-mass cytoplasmic proteins were detected in iron-starved, pyoverdine-producing Pseudomonas aeruginosa, P. chlororaphis, P. Fluorescens, P. putida, P. aptata and P. tolaasii. specifically located in the cytoplasm and thus were termed ‘IRCPs’, for iron-repressed cytoplasmic proteins. A strain-dependent gel electrophoresis pattern with multiple bands of Mr values ranging from 180 to 600 kDa was usually observed for these proteins. Strains synthesizing pyoverdines differing in their peptide part presented different IRCP gel electrophoresis profiles, whereas strains synthesizing identical pyoverdines had identical IRCP gel electrophoresis profiles. Some mutants affected in pyoverdine biosynthesis presented a perturbed IRCP pattern, and no IRCPs were detected in non-fluorescent Pseudomonas strains either unable to synthesize siderophores or synthesizing non-peptidic siderophores. The data strongly suggest that the IRCPs could be related to peptide synthetases involved in the biosynthesis of the peptidic part of pyoverdine-type siderophores.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1995.tb07803.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mapping of mutations affecting pyoverdine production in Pseudomonas aeruginosa (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS microbiology letters 36 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1574-6968
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Pyoverdine, the yellow-green fluorescent pigment produced by Pseudomonas aeruginosa, is a highly efficient siderophore. Pyoverdine-deficient (pvd) mutants of P. aeruginosa PAO isolated after mutagenesis were non-fluorescent and unable to grow in the presence of 2.8 mM ethylenediamine-di-(o-hydroxyphenylacetate) (EDDHA). Addition of purified pyoverdine to media containing EDDHA restored growth of pvd mutants. 6 pvd mutations were mapped between catA and mtu-9002 (at 65–70 min on the chromosome map) by R68.45-mediated conjugation. 2 slightly leaky pvd mutations were localised between argC and strA (at 35 min) by transduction. Thus, we have identified at least 2 genes or gene clusters required for pyoverdine production in P. aeruginosa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1574-6968.1986.tb01695.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA) by Pseudomonas species through iron metabolism (1992)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 37 (1992), S. 114-118 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Summary Nitrilotriacetic acid (NTA), when added to solid or liquid media, stimulated the growth of Pseudomonas strains, whereas other synthetic iron-chelators, such as ethylenediaminediacetic acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, ethylenediaminedihydroxyphenyl acetic acid or ethylene glycol-bis-(β-aminoethyl ether)-tetraacetic acid, resulted in concentration-dependent growth inhibition. Experimental data such as stimulation of growth in iron-poor media, inhibitory effect on siderophore biosynthesis, promotion of iron-uptake by NTA, together with the inability of the Pseudomonas strains to use NTA as a carbon and/or a nitrogen source, demonstrated that NTA favours the bacterial growth of Pseudomonas through its scavenging properties for iron.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00174214
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron requirement and search for siderophores in lactic acid bacteria (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 735-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract. Twenty-three strains of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus or Carnobacterium, were studied for growth and siderophore production under controlled iron-starvation conditions. No growth differences were observed in the media either supplemented with or depleted of iron, in agitated (aerobic) or static (microaerophilic) growth conditions, and none of the tested species produced siderophores. Growth studies using synthetic iron-chelator-supplemented media showed no growth inhibition related to iron deprivation. Moreover, no cellular iron incorporation was observed during growth in the presence of radioactive iron (59Fe).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002530050058
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Iron requirement and search for siderophores in lactic acid bacteria (1994)
    Springer
    Applied microbiology and biotechnology 40 (1994), S. 735-739 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0614
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Abstract Twenty-three strains of lactic acid bacteria belonging to the genera Lactobacillus, Lactococcus, Leuconostoc, Pediococcus or Carnobacterium, were studied for growth and siderophore production under controlled iron-starvation conditions. No growth differences were observed in the media either supplemented with or depleted of iron, in agitated (aerobic) or static (microaerophilic) growth conditions, and none of the tested species produced siderophores. Growth studies using synthetic iron-chelator-supplemented media showed no growth inhibition related to iron deprivation. Moreover, no cellular iron incorporation was observed during growth in the presence of radioactive iron (59Fe).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00173337
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