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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: A 46 cm diameter, lightweight, Amersil TO8E, fused-natural-quartz mirror with a single-arch cross section was tested at the NASA-Ames Research Center Cryogenic Optical Test Facility to measure its cryogenic distortion at 6.5 K. Then the mirror was refigured with the inverse of the measured cryogenic distortion to compensate for this figure defect. The mirror was retested at 6.5 K and found to have a significantly improved figure. The compensation for cryogenic distortion was not complete, but preliminary analysis indicates that the compensation was better than 0.25 waves P-V if edge effects are ignored. The feasibility of compensating for cryogenic distortion by refiguring has thus been verified.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: In: Cryogenic optical systems and instruments V; Proceedings of the Meeting, San Diego, CA, July 23, 24, 1992 (A93-28226 10-19); p. 5-10.
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The Stratospheric Observatory for Infrared Astronomy (SOFIA) is a planned NASA facility consisting of an infrared telescope of 2.5 meter system aperture flying in a modified Boeing 747. It will have an image diameter of 1.5 arc seconds, an operating wavelength range from visible through 1 millimeter, an 8 arc minute field of view, and a chopping secondary. the configuration is a Cassegrian with a diagonal tertiary to direct the beam to a Nasmyth focus. The new choice of a location aft of the wings allows the primary mirror to have about an f/1.4 focal ratio, which is preferable to f/1.1 previously planned for the forward location.
    Keywords: Astronomy
    Type: NASA-TM-111800 , NAS 1.15:111800 , AIAA Paper 95-0399
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: A concept is presented for a national cryogenic optics test facility capable of optical characterization of 1.25 m diameter optics having focal lengths up to 6.2 m at temperatures from 300 K to near 4 K. The facility will be comprised of a large Dewar with a phase shift interferometer, a two stage vacuum system employing a turbomolecular pump, and an integral vibration isolation system. The entire facility will be housed in a concrete site with a massive floor to assist in reducing vibration during optical tests. By providing interchangeable sections, the overall height of the Dewar can be adjusted to provide for testing of shorter focal length optics. The background for the facility is discussed along with the facility location, and the requirements and the performance considerations which drive the Dewar design with respect to the vibration isolation system, vacuum system, and optical interferometry.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: NASA-TM-101017 , A-88253 , NAS 1.15:101017
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2019-06-28
    Description: The topics of the present conference encompass cryogenic optical system design considerations, cryogenic instruments and their components, the design and performance of cryogenic dewars for space, and technologies supporting cryogenic systems and instruments. Attention is given to the Space IR Telescope Facility (SIRTF) observatory's design and on-orbit servicing, hardware development for the Gravity Probe-B program, the multiband imaging photometer aboard SIRTF, and the SIRTF wide field, diffraction-limited array camera. Also discussed are the cryogenic star-tracking telescope for Gravity Probe-B, a balloon-borne spectrometer for measurement of lower stratospheric trace constituents, the primary mirror support system design for a cryogenic space telescope, and the SQUID readout and ultralow magnetic fields of Gravity Probe-B.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: SPIE-619
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: This paper presents the results of a full three-dimensional analysis of a new type of reflecting baffle vane cavity. The analysis is divided into two separate parts. The first employs advanced geometrical ray tracing techniques to analyze the specular reflecting properties of the cavities. The second part uses deterministic radiation transfer methods to analyze the diffuse scattering properties of the reflecting cavities relative to absorbing ones. In both cases, an operating wavelength of 10.6 microns is initially used. These results are then used to estimate the performance at 2.0 microns.
    Keywords: OPTICS
    Type: Stray radiation V; Aug 18, 1986 - Aug 20, 1986; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Consideration is given to cryogenic system design and optical technology; cryogenic instruments, sensors, and detectors; space cryogenic dewars and coolers; and cryogenic mechanisms, testing, and structures. Particular attention is given to mission optimization of the Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF), alternative aperture stop position designs for SIRTF, scaling laws for lightweight optics, evaluation of a far-infrared Ge:Ga multiplexed detector array, cryogenic limb array etalon spectrometer calibration, reliability growth of coolers for advanced optical systems and instruments, flight-qualified solid argon cooler for the BBXRT instrument, precision mechanisms for optical alignments at cryogenic temperatures, versatile cryogenic rotary-positioning systems, and optical alignments of the Cosmic Background Explorer observatory.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: SPIE-1340 , Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments IV; Jul 10, 1990 - Jul 12, 1990; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The Space Infrared Telescope Facility (SIRTF) mission based on a cryogenically cooled telescope is described. The SIRTF makes it possible to perform background limited measurements with three focal plane instruments in the wavelength range 2-700 microns over the entire celestial sphere for at least five years. A telescope performance limited by the natural astrophysical background between 2 to 300 microns is achieved by using a superfluid helium cryogenic system for maintaining the forebaffle temperature below 8 K. The attitude control system based on Extreme Ultra-Violet Explorer reaction wheels meets the large and small angle slew requirements and provides 0.15 arc sec pointing stability. The present HEO baseline configuration has a mass of 4370 kg. The future Titan IV/Centaur launch capability to 100,000 km for a SIRTF-sized payload is at least 5770 kg.
    Keywords: ASTRONAUTICS (GENERAL)
    Type: Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments IV; Jul 10, 1990 - Jul 12, 1990; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A thermal model of the dewar and optical system of the Cryogenic Optical Test Facility at NASA-Ames Research Center was developed using the computer codes SINDA and MONTE CARLO. The model was based on the geometry, boundary conditions, and physical properties of the test facility and was developed to investigate heat transfer mechanisms and temperatures in the facility and in test mirrors during cryogenic optical tests. A single-arch, fused-natural-quartz mirror was the first mirror whose thermal loads and temperature distributions were modeled. From the temperature distribution, the thermal gradients in the mirror were obtained. The model predicted that a small gradient should exist for the single arch mirror. This was later verified by the measurement of mirror temperatures. The temperatures, predicted by the model at various locations within the dewar, were in relatively good agreement with the measured temperatures. The model is applicable to both steady-state and transient cooldown operations.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments IV; Jul 10, 1990 - Jul 12, 1990; San Diego, CA; United States
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Topics discussed in this volume include cryogenic system design and optical technology; cryogenic instruments; cryogenic/IR mechanisms, testing, and performance; and space cryogenic dewars and coolers. Papers included are on the SIRTF cryooptics technology plan, the development of the SPIRIT III sensor, the design of a rapidly cooled cryogenic mirror, the cryogenic Michelson interferometer on the Space Shuttle, a reflective optical system for a hemispherical field radiometer, and infrared filters for cryogenic radiometers. Attention is also given to the development of a variable-profile scan mirror mechanism, a direct-drive digitally commutated filter wheel positioning system for cryogenic optical applications, a high-performance chopping secondary mirror for infrared astronomy, recent developments in compressor-based Joule-Thomson cooling, a radiative cryogenic cooler for the pressure modulator IR radiometer, and SIRTF thermal design modifications to increase lifetime.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: SPIE-1765 , ; 243 p.
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: A 50 cm diameter, lightweight, Amersil TO8E, fused-natural-quartz mirror with a single arch cross section was tested at the NASA/Ames Research Center Cryogenic Optics Test Facility to measure cryogenic distortion and hysteresis. The mirror was cooled to 77 K in four serial tests and the mirror figure was measured with a phase-measuring interferometer. On the basis of the repeatability of room temperature and cryogenic optical measurements, it was determined that the Single Arch Mirror had no measurable hysteresis and displayed repeatable cryogenic distortion. The Cryogenic Optics Test Facility, optical and thermal test methods, test results, and measurement accuracy are described.
    Keywords: ENGINEERING (GENERAL)
    Type: Cryogenic Optical Systems and Instruments IV; Jul 10, 1990 - Jul 12, 1990; San Diego, CA; United States
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