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  • 1
    Publication Date: 1994-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0923-9820
    Electronic ISSN: 1572-9729
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 1963-02-01
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Springer Nature
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 615-616 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The discrepancies in these results seemed to justify a re-examination of the influence of reserpine. For this work eggs of Khaki Campbell ducks were used. Three experimental series were drafted: in series I reserpine was injected after four days of incubation, in series II after eleven days, and in ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1572-9729
    Keywords: biodegradation ; landfarming ; mutagenicity ; oil ; plant growth ; toxicity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Large-scale landfarming experiments have been performed on a loamy sand soil. An amount of 1,350 m3/ha oil sludge together with nutrients (N,P,K) and a bacterial inoculum were applied at two different times over a five-year period. At both test periods, biodegradation of the hydrocarbons (HC) was best fitted with first order reaction kinetics with degradation rates ranging from about 4 g HC/kg dry soil per year to about 15 g HC/kg dry soil per year. Toxicity tests on the aqueous soil extracts as well as plant growth and worm tests on the landfarm soil showed no striking negative effects of residual hydrocarbons. Migration of oil, nitrate and phosphate to the groundwater was minimal. In view of the diversity of solvents recommended in the literature, twenty extractants were tested for their capacity to remove HC from the loamy sand soil. Chlorinated solvents, such as dichloromethane and chloroform, were the most effective. Yet, in view of its effectiveness and low toxicity, acetone appears a suitable solvent for the extraction of soils and sediments polluted with hydrocarbons. This case-study revealed that oil sludge can effectively be treated by landfarming, if appropriate technical measures are taken and a sufficient time (minimum 15 years) for bioremediation is provided.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 4 (1988), S. 29-36 
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les villes des PVD produisent jusqu'à 5000 tonnes de déchets municipaux par jour. Les traitements utilisés à l'heure actuelle sont l'accumulation dans les décharges, l'incinération coûteuse et à faible rendement calorique, le compostage aérobie bien adapté aux climats secs, et la digestion anaérobie. Dans ce dernier cas 1 tonne de la fraction organique des déchets produit 170 m3 de biogaz. Les technologies existantes pour la mise en oeuvre dela biométhanisation des déchets urbains sont: (1) le digesteur conventionnel infiniment mélangé qui convertit un problème de déchet en un problème d'eau en utilisant 10 tonnes d'eau pour 1 tonne de déchet; (2) le digesteur en deux étapes; (3) la digestion par voie sèche soit en décharge contrôlée où elle est spontanée et dure de 20 à 50 ans, soit en un digesteur semi-continu où le biogaz est récupéré en trois semaines. Jusqu'a présent il existe deux exemples de digestion des déchets municipaux par voie sèche, un en France où un digesteur de 400 m3 traite un substrat à 35% de matière sèche et produit 5 m3 par m3 et par jour, et l'autre à Gand, en Belgique, où un digesteur pilote de 56 m3 alimenté avec la fraction organique de déchets municipaux à 35% de matière sèche produit 6 m3 par m3 de digesteur et par jour. Deux installations de taille réelle de ce dernier procédé sont en construction, en Belgique et aux Pays-Bas.
    Abstract: Resumen En muchas ciudades de países en vías de desarrollo se producen cerca de 5000 toneladas diarias de residuos municipales. Los tratamientos utilizados son: la acumulación en lugares abiertos, la incineración, costosa y con un aporte caloífico bajo, el compostaje aerobio, bien adaptado a climas secos, y la digestión anaerobia. Mediante este último tratamiento se obtienen 180 m3 de biogas por tonelada de fracción orgánica de los residuos. Las tecnologías utilizables para la digestión de residuos municipales son: (1) digestor mixto convencional este convierte el problema de los residuos en un problema de agua ya que requiere 10 toneladas de agua por cada tonelada de residuos; (2) digestor en dos fases (3) digestión seca: ya sea en pozos secos donde es espontanea, aunque puedan transcurrir de 20 a 50 años antes de que se complete, o bien en digestores semicontinuos en los que la recuperación de gas tiene lugar en tres semanas. Actualmente existen dos ejemplos de digestión seca de residuos urbanos, uno en Francia donde un digestor de 400 m3 trabaja con un sustrato de 35% de materia seca produciendo 5 m3 de gas por m3 de digestor y por día, el otro ejemplo esta en Ghent (Bélgica) donde una planta piloto alimentada por la fracción orgánica de los desechos municipales, con un 35% de materia seca, produce 6 m3 per m3 del digestor al día. Dos plantas a escala industrial de este último diseño se estan construyendo, una en Bélgica y la otra en los Países Bajos.
    Notes: Summary Cities of Developing Countries produce around 5000 tons of municipal wastes per day. The treatments used are the dumping in the open, incineration at high costs and low caloric value, aerobic composting fairly suited to dry climates, and anaerobic digestion. In this case 1 ton of the organic fraction of the waste produces 170 m3 of biogas. The available technologies for the anaerobic digestion of municipal wastes are: (1) the conventional completely mixed digester that converts a waste problem into a water problem by using 10 tons of water for 1 ton of waste; (2) the two-step digester; (3) dry digestion, either in landfills where it is spontaneous and lasts 20 to 50 years before complete recovery or in semi-continuous digesters where biogas is recovered in three weeks. At present there exist two examples of dry digestion of municipal wastes, one in France where a 400-m3 digester works with a 35% dry matter substrate and produces 5 m3/m3 of digester per day, and the other in Gent, Belgium, where a pilot plant of 56 m3 fed with the organic fraction of municipal waste, at 35% dry matter, produces 6 m3/m3 digester per day.
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