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  • 1
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    Water turbidity detection using ERTS-1 imagery (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: ERTS-1 images of two federal reservoirs in Kansas exhibit good correlation with suspended load. The major reservoirs in Kansas, as well as in other Great Plains states, are playing increasingly important roles in flood control, recreation, agriculture, and urban water supply. Satellite imagery may prove useful for acquiring timely low cost water quality data required for optimum management of these fresh water resources.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: PAPER-E12 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center Symp. on Significant Results obtained from the ERTS-1, Vol. 1, Sect. A and B; p 651-658
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  • 2
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    Space configuration as an explanation for lithology-related cross-polarized radar image anomalies (1972)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Three rock types are described that produce dark cross-polarized images on Ka-band imagery: lava flows dating from Pleistocene and Holocene, some Tertiary volcanics, and certain massive sandstones. Their planar surfaces are large with respect to the wavelength of the Ka-band system, yet are small in comparison to the resolution. It is found that only outcrops with proper faceted surface orientations produce significant radar returns showing the dominance of specular reflectors. The omnidirectional attitude of the facets and their wide distribution on the outcrops explains the independence of look-direction that the flat-lying anomalous outcrops exhibit in production of darker cross-polarized images.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS
    Type: NASA. Manned Spacecraft Center 4th Ann. Earth Resources Program Rev., Vol. 2; 9 p
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  • 3
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    Quantitative water quality with ERTS-1 (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Analyses of ERTS-1 MSS computer compatible tapes of reservoir scenes in Kansas along with ground truth show that MSS bands and band ratios can be used for reliable prediction of suspended loads up to at least 900 ppm. The major reservoirs in Kansas, as well as in other Great Plains states, are playing increasingly important roles in flood control, recreation, agriculture, and urban water supply. Satellite imagery is proving useful for acquiring timely low cost water quality data required for optimum management of these fresh water resources.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: PAPER-E10 , NASA. Goddard Space Flight Center 3d ERTS-1 Symp., Vol. 1, Sect. B; p 1637-1651
    Format: text
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  • 4
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    Quantitative water quality with LANDSAT and Skylab (1975)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Correlation studies were completed between LANDSAT Multispectral Scanner (MSS) band ratios derived from computer compatible tape (CCT) and 170 water samples taken from three large Kansas reservoirs, coincident with 16 different LANDSAT passes over a 13 month period. The following conclusions were obtained: (1) LANDSAT MSS reflectance levels are useful for quantitative measurement of suspended solids up to at least 900 ppm, (2) MSS band ratios derived from CCT can measure suspended solids with 67% confidence level accuracy of 12 ppm over the range 0-80 ppm and 35 ppm over the range 0900 ppm, (3) suspended solids contour maps can be easily constructed from CCT for water bodies larger than approximately 100 acres, (4) rationing suppresses MSS reflectance level dependence on seasonal sun angle variation and permits measurement of suspended load the year round in the middle latitudes. SKYLAB imagery from a single pass over three reservoirs compares favorably to LANDSAT results up to 100 ppm.
    Keywords: METEOROLOGY AND CLIMATOLOGY
    Type: E-9 , NASA. Lyndon B. Johnson Space Center NASA Earth Resources Survey Symp. Vol. 1-A: Agr., Environment; p 347-370
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  • 5
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    Kansas environmental and resource study: A Great Plains model. Monitoring fresh water resources (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Processing and analysis of CCT's for numerous ground truth supported passes over Kansas reservoirs has demonstrated that sun angle and atmospheric conditions are strong influences on water reflectance levels as detected by ERTS-1 and can suppress the contributions of true water quality factors. Band ratios, on the other hand, exhibit very little dependence on sun angle and sky conditions and thus are more directly related to water quality. Band ratio levels can be used to reliably determine suspended load. Other water quality indicators appear to have little or no affect on reflectance levels.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10342 , NASA-CR-136854 , SAPR-3
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  • 6
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    Kansas environmental and resource study: A Great Plains model (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: The author has identified the following significant results. Improvement in the land use classification accuracy of ERTS-1 MSS multi-images over Kansas can be made using two distances between neighboring grey tone N-tuples instead of one distance. Much more information is contained texturally than spectrally on the Kansas image. Ground truth measurements indicate that reflectance ratios of the 545 and 655 nm wavebands provide an index of plant development and possibly physiological stress. Preliminary analysis of MSS 4 and 5 channels substantiate the ground truth interpretation. Results of the land use mapping experiment indicate that ERTS-1 imagery has major potential in regionalization. The ways in which land is utilized within these regions may then be studied more effectively than if no adequate regionalization is available. A model for estimating wheat yield per acre has been applied to acreage estimates derived from ERTS-1 imagery to project the 1973 wheat yields for a ten county area in southwest Kansas. The results are within 3% of the preharvest estimates for the same area prepared by the USDA. Visual identification of winter wheat is readily achieved by using a temporal sequence of images. Identification can be improve by stratifying the project area into subregions having more or less homogeneous agricultural practices and crop mixes.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10229 , NASA-CR-136492
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  • 7
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    Skylab study of water quality (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: There are no author-identified signficant results in this report.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10162 , NASA-CR-136289
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 8
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    ERTS-1 study of reservoirs in Kansas. (1973)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Single pass coverage over Cedar Bluff, Webster, Tuttle Creek, Milford, and Council Groves reservoirs is analyzed. The long-range goal of the study is to test the feasibility of monitoring reservoirs by satellite. It is hoped that results may eventually help to optimize reservoir management for use in flood control, agriculture, urban areas, and recreation. ERTS-1 imagery promises to be a very useful tool for studying reservoir turbidity patterns. Initial coverage indicates a strong qualitative correlation between film density and turbidity.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: International Symposium on Remote Sensing of Environment; Oct 02, 1972 - Oct 06, 1972; Ann Arbor, MI
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Surface configuration as an explanation for lithology-related cross-polarized radar image anomalies (1973)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: One problem that has persisted since the development of multipolarized radar is the cause or causes of differential depolarization which is expressed as tonal reversals between like- and cross-polarized images of certain outcrops. Rocks producing anomalously low returns on the cross-polarized image could be classed into three general types: (1) certain geologically recent lava flows (late Pleistocene and Holocene), (2) some tertiary volcanics and (3) certain massive sandstones. Differential depolarization has been produced by volcanic rocks of various compositions including rhyolite, rhyodacite, dacite, andesite, and basalt. This has led to the conclusion that differential depolarization is not directly caused by any compositional factor. However, the study of aerial photos and subsequent field observation have led to the conclusion that the weathering and other surface characteristics of the outcrops are responsible for their appearance on multipolarized imagery.
    Keywords: COMMUNICATIONS AND RADAR
    Type: NASA-CR-141649 , CRES-TR-177-36
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  • 10
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    The utility of Skylab S-190A and B for measuring water quality parameters in Kansas reservoirs (1974)
    In:  CASI
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: There are no author-identified significant results in this report.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
    Type: E74-10696 , NASA-CR-139537
    Format: application/pdf
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