ALBERT

All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

feed icon rss

Your email was sent successfully. Check your inbox.

An error occurred while sending the email. Please try again.

Proceed reservation?

Export
  • 1
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: parasitoid behavior ; host behavior modification ; habitat selection ; overwintering survival ; phototaxis ; thigmokinesis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Aphidius nigripesAshmead, an endoparasitoid of the potato aphid, Macrosiphum euphorbiae(Thomas), not only has the ability to modify host behavior, but does so differently depending on its physiological state. A previous study indicated that just prior to death, parasitized aphids that contain diapausing parasitoid larvae leave the host plant to mummify in concealed sites, while those containing nondiapausing parasitoids generally remain on the plant. This study explored the proximal factors involved in the selection of an overwintering microhabitat by a host containing a diapausing A. nigripeslarva. Parasitized aphids showed negative phototaxis, thigmokinesis, and chose a dark rather than a light-colored substrate when seeking a site to mummify. However, their behavior was not influenced by either gravity or the presence of another mummy. The combined effects of these behavioral patterns would result in dormant parasitoids overwintering in sheltered sites, thereby reducing the negative effects of adverse climatic conditions and the actions of natural enemies. The utilization of these proximal cues may also enhance parasitoid, survival by reducing aphid wandering time prior to mummification.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 2
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Alfalfa blotch leafminer ; Agromyza frontella ; mating behavior ; courtship ; sex pheromone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The mating behavior of Agromyza frontella was studied under laboratory conditions. Adults were able to mate on the day of emergence, with no evident periodicity throughout the photophase. The host plant was essential for mating to occur, its presence affecting female receptivity rather than male copulatory behavior. Males generally entered a stationary phase once in the proximity of a female, before undertaking a final approach. This stationary behavior frequently resulted in male aggregations around a female, and under such conditions males exhibited a characteristic wing vibrating behavior. As male wing vibration was not an essential behavior for successful mating, and rarely occurred during male encounters in the absence of females or when only one male was near a female, it was considered as being primarily a male-male signal. The majority of females that mated exhibited an ovipositor pumping behavior that stimulated the male approach. However, such behavior was not essential to attract mates, as dead females elicited the entire sequence of male mating behavior. This suggested the presence of a cuticular sex pheromone, as reported for other species of higher Diptera. Whole virgin female (〈24- h or 3- day-old) hexane extracts applied to male cadavers increased the time males spent on the plant, the number of contacts with the treated cadavers, the incidence of attempted copulations, and the wing vibrating behavior between males compared with controls using untreated cadavers. The results obtained indicate that females control copulation in A. frontella and that both semiochemical and visual cues are important in eliciting male mating behavior.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 3
    ISSN: 1572-8889
    Keywords: Aphidius nigripes ; parasitoid ; pheromone ; male mate searching behavior ; wind ; atmospheric pressure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The effects of wind speed and atmospheric pressure on male mate searching behavior, modulated by a female sex pheromone, were investigated in the aphid parasitoid Aphidius nigripes (Hymenoptera: Aphidiidae). Male A. nigripe generally did not reach females at wind speeds of 100 cm/sec, as the majority of individuals taking flight in the pheromone plume (81.8%) were unable to sustain upwind flight. At lower wind velocities, male responsiveness to females generally decreased with distance from the source. However, wind speeds approaching the upper threshold (100 cm/sec) tended to eliminate this distance effect. Therefore, there appears to be a trade-off between the need for higher wind speeds to detect the pheromone source from long distances, and a reduction in male flight capacity as wind velocity increases. Our results also indicate that chemical communication in A. nigripes could be affected by variations in atmospheric pressure, as we observed a relationship between pressure fluctuations in the 24 hr prior to testing and male responsiveness to females. The importance of these abiotic factors on mate searching behavior is discussed within the context of the reproductive biology of A. nigripes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Entomologia experimentalis et applicata 50 (1989), S. 53-60 
    ISSN: 1570-7458
    Keywords: Sunflower pollen ; Helianthus annuus ; oviposition stimulant ; oviposition ; fecundity ; antennectomy ; sunflower moth ; Homoeosoma electellum
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Les femelles de la pyrale du tournesol, Homoeosoma electellum ont pondu un total de 242.3±27.4 (X±SE) oeufs sur des sites de ponte faits de papier ciré et saupoudrés de pollen de tournesol cultivé. La fécondité a été significativement affectée par l'âge des individus au moment de l'accouplement, cependant la durée de l'accouplement n'a pas influencé la fécondité. Sous une cycle de 16L:8D, la ponte a eu lieu aussi bien en phase de lumière que de noirceur mais le pic de la ponte a eu lieu peu après le début de la scotophase. La fécondité des femelles à qui on a offert à chaque jour des sites de ponte traités avec un extrait de pollen à base d'éthanol à une concentration de 1 mg de pollen (124.2±22.8) n'a pas été significativement différente de celle obtenue sur des sites traités avec 1 mg de pollen (172.2±28.0). De plus, le nombre d'oeufs pondu a augmenté en fonction des différentes concentrations de pollen ou de l'extrait de pollen offertes simultanément. Cependant, lorsque différents sites de ponte ont été offerts simultanément, les femelles ont préféré le pollen 〉 le pollen reconstitué (extrait + pollen résiduel après l'extraction) = extrait de pollen 〉 pollen résiduel = papier ciré non traité (témoin). Ces données confirment que le pollen de tournesol contient des substances qui stimulent la ponte de H. electellum. Les femelles antennectomisées ont pondu autant d'oeufs sur des sites traités avec le pollen résiduel que sur ceux traités avec le pollen, ce qui indique que la plupart des sensilles impliquées dans la détection du stimulant de ponte se trouvent au niveau des antennes. Etant donné que la présence des oeufs déjà pondus n'inhibent pas les pontes subséquentes, l'importance de la charge de pollen, comme indice de la bonne qualité de la plante-hôte, est discutée en relation avec la survie des larves.
    Notes: Abstract Females of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum, laid a total of 242.3±27.4 (X±SE) eggs when provided oviposition sites of wax paper dusted with pollen from cultivated sunflowers. Fecundity was influenced by the age at which mating occurred but not by the duration of mating. Eggs were laid during both the light and dark portions of a 16L:8D photoperiodic cycle, with an evident peak occurring shortly after the onset of the scotophase. The fecundity of females provided oviposition sites with a 1 mg equivalent of an ethanolic pollen extract daily (124.2±22.8) did not differ significantly from that of females provided 1 mg of pollen (172.2±28.0). Furthermore, the females showed the same positive dose dependent oviposition response where sites contained different concentrations of either pollen or pollen extract. However, when different oviposition substrates were provided simultaneously, females preferred pollen 〉 ‘reconstituted pollen’ (extract + pollen residue following extraction) = pollen extract 〉 pollen residue = wax paper control. These data confirm the presence of an oviposition stimulant for H. electellum in the sunflower pollen. Antennectomised females laid as many eggs on sites with pollen residue as on sites with pollen, indicating that the majority of sensillae for detecting the oviposition stimulant are located on the antennae. The importance of pollen load as an indicator of a suitable host plant, given that previous laid eggs do not inhibit subsequent oviposition, is discussed with respect to larval survival.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 5
    ISSN: 1423-0445
    Keywords: semiochemicals ; ecdysteroid ; Brachyura ; Majidae ; Chionoecetes opilio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Experiments were conducted in aquaria to test the hypothesis that females of the snow crab,Chionoecetes opilio, release a sex pheromone to attract mates. Males exhibited significantly increased activity to water from a source aquarium containing recently-moulted pubescent females, egg-stripped multiparous females and recently-moulted immature females than to water from an aquarium containing berried multiparous females, eggs alone, adolescent males or an empty aquarium. Males without their cephalic chemoreceptors maintained low activity levels in the presence of recently-moulted pubescent females, whereas maxilla-ablated males reacted as strongly as intact males. These findings are discussed within the context of the ecdysteroid-sex pheromone hypothesis, proposed by Kittredgeet al. (1971) and Kittredge & Takahashi (1972), but subsequently rejected. We propose that ecdysteroids from both pubescent and multiparous females may elicit male search-and-clasp behaviour inC. opilio and that the reproductive biology of species used to refute the hypothesis was inappropriate to test the role of ecdysteroids as a cue in the mating process.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Oviposition ; Habitat deterioration ; Dispersal ; Pollen ; Calling behavior
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Females of the sunflower moth, Homoeosoma electellum held in the presence of pollen, or an ethanolic pollen extract, from the sunflower Helianthus annuus initiated calling behavior at a significantly younger age following emergence than those provided sucrose only. Furthermore, females with pollen subsequently spent more time calling, and had an increased rate of egg maturation, than those held without pollen. These effects were attributed to a kairomone as females held in the presence of, but denied direct access to, pollen behaved in the same manner as those in contact with pollen. The importance of this life history strategy for the exploitation of temporarily available resources, essential to the survival of neonate larvae, and on the dispersal of adults, is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Field observations of the adult European skipper, Thymelicus lineola (Ochs), feeding on concentrated nectars (40–65% sucrose) from a variety of flower species led us to question recent literature stating that butterflies feed primarily, and most effectively, on dilute nectars. Rate of sucrose solution intake, volume consumed and feeding duration were measured for males and females at 25 and 35°C under laboratory conditions. As sucrose concentration increased, the volume of solution ingested per meal first increased and then decreased gradually, while sucrose intake was highest at concentrations ≧40%. Females fed more than males at all concentrations 〉10% while temperature had no significant effect on meal size. Feeding duration increased with concentration, was shorter at 35 than at 25°C, and was longer for females than males. The rate of volume intake decreased as concentration incresed, but not nearly as rapidly as predicted by earlier models. Rates did not differ between the sexes but were faster at 35 than 25°C. This increase was contributed to equally by a reduction in viscosity and an increase in power output of the cibarial pump. The form of the relations was similar, with maximum rate of sucrose intake occurring at 40% sucrose. A new mathematical model was developed to describe the rate — concentration relation based on the Hagen-Poiseuille equation for laminar fluid flow through pipes. Our model differs from previous models principally in that the power output of the insect's cibarial pump remains relatively constant while the pressure drop created by the pump to induce suction is highly variable. This change results in a very different feeding rate — sucrose concentration function with the optimal rate of sucrose intake at a concentration of approximately 40%. The model indicates that the same relation should hold for a wide range of proboscis shape and size and type of suction pump, and should therefore be applicable to all other nectar feeders with sucking mouth parts. Independent verifications of the model were carried out by measuring the rate of uptake of sucrose solutions of the adult common armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.), and of human subjects using a volumetric pipette, both of which gave an excellent fit. Nectar concentrations which correspond to optimal rates of sucrose intake should be highly preferred by insects with high feeding costs, those which are time-limited, or which are very vulnerable while feeding. High transport costs and severe water stress may shift preferences to higher and lower concentrations respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 35 (1994), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Pseudaletia unipuncta ; Sperm precedence ; Multiple matings ; Male nutrient investment ; Reproductive output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Lepidoptera polyandry is common and females may increase their lifetime reproductive output through repeated matings if they acquire essential resources from male ejaculates. However, the paternity of males mating with previously-mated females is far from assured unless sperm precedence is absolute. In this study on the polyandrous armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta, we used two strains of male (the black-eyed wild type and a red-eyed homozygous, recessive mutant), mated with red-eyed females, to determine (i) whether male investment has any impact on female reproductive output, and (ii) if females do benefit from multiple matings, to what extent males fertilize the eggs to which they contributed. Multiple mating resulted in a significant increase in both the fecundity and longevity of females. However, the degree of sperm precedence (those eggs fertilized by the second male) varied from 0–100%, but was not affected by either male size or age, or by the duration of copulation. In cases where sperm precedence was 〈50% (x = 12%) females produced significantly more eggs (1384 versus 940) prior to the second mating than females where sperm precedence was 〉50% (x = 89%), indicating that the quality of the first mating influenced the fertilization success of the female's second mate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 35 (1994), S. 319-326 
    ISSN: 1432-0762
    Keywords: Key wordsPseudaletia unipuncta ; Sperm precedence ; Multiple matings ; Male nutrient investment ; Reproductive output
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract In Lepidoptera polyandry is common and females may increase their lifetime reproductive output through repeated matings if they acquire essential resources from male ejaculates. However, the paternity of males mating with previously-mated females is far from assured unless sperm precedence is absolute. In this study on the polyandrous armyworm, Pseudaletia unipuncta, we used two strains of male (the black-eyed wild type and a red-eyed homozygous, recessive mutant), mated with red-eyed females, to determine (i) whether male investment has any impact on female reproductive output, and (ii) if females do benefit from multiple matings, to what extent males fertilize the eggs to which they contributed. Multiple mating resulted in a significant increase in both the fecundity and longevity of females. However, the degree of sperm precedence (those eggs fertilized by the second male) varied from 0–100%, but was not affected by either male size or age, or by the duration of copulation. In cases where sperm precedence was 〈50% (x¯= 102%) females produced significantly more eggs (1384 versus 940) prior to the second mating than females where sperm precedence was 〉50% (x¯ = 89%), indicating that the quality of the first mating influenced the fertilization success of the female´s second mate.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
  • 10
    ISSN: 1573-1561
    Keywords: Pseudaletia unipuncta ; Lepidoptera ; Noctuidae ; hairpencils ; male pheromone ; acetic acid ; benzaldehyde ; benzyl alcohol ; antennal ; response
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Hairpencil secretion ofPseudaletia unipuncta (Haw.) contains acetic acid as well as previously identified benzaldehyde and benzyl alcohol. Age-specific titers of acetic acid were significantly greater than those of benzaldehyde and, at 25 °C, accumulation of both compounds in the hairpencils peaked on the second day after emergence. Excised antennae of males and females perceived both compounds. Antennal response to acetic acid did not vary significantly with age or sex, but male response to benzaldehyde was significantly greater than female response at all ages tested. Antennal response of both males and females to benzaldehyde tended to be greater on the fourth and eighth days after emergence than on the second.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    Location Call Number Expected Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
Close ⊗
This website uses cookies and the analysis tool Matomo. More information can be found here...