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  • 1
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    Impact of decreasing sea ice cover and warming Arctic surface temperature on the Northern mid-latitude climate – comparison of coupled with uncoupled EC-Earth simulations (2012)
    In:  EPIC3European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2012, Vienna
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Idealized atmosphere-only simulations with reduced and removed Arctic sea-ice cover and increased Arctic surface temperatures are compared with fully coupled atmosphere-ocean-sea-ice simulations for 1850-2100 including increases in greenhouse gas and aerosol concentrations. While the uncoupled simulations only contain surface forcing in the areas of Arctic sea-ice of the reference simulation, the coupled simulations show warming over the whole globe although in the Arctic the strongest signal occurs in all seasons but summer. A warming of more than 21 °C over the northern Barents Sea in winter 2001-2100 compared to winter 1851-1950 is simulated according to the strong RCP 8.5 scenario. The weakest warming within the area north of 40 ºN can be seen south of Greenland and Iceland with even a slight cooling simulated in spring according to the moderate RCP 4.5 scenario, due to a weakened Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation. Common sea level pressure responses between the idealized sensitivity studies and the coupled simulations are decreases in the Central and Western Arctic. While in the idealized studies sea level pressure increases can be seen over Eastern Europe, increases in the coupled simulations occur over Ireland and the UK or west thereof.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 2
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    The impact of Arctic sea ice on the Arctic energy budget and on the climate of the Northern mid-latitudes (2012)
    Springer
    In:  EPIC3Climate Dynamics, Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The atmospheric general circulation model EC-EARTH-IFS has been applied to investigate the influence of both a reduced and a removed Arctic sea ice cover on the Arctic energy budget and on the climate of the Northern mid-latitudes. Three 40-year simulations driven by original and modified ERA-40 sea surface temperatures and sea ice concentrations have been performed at T255L62 resolution, corresponding to 79 km horizontal resolution. Simulated changes between sensitivity and reference experiments are most pronounced over the Arctic itself where the reduced or removed sea ice leads to strongly increased upward heat and longwave radiation fluxes and precipitation in winter. In summer, the most pronounced change is the stronger absorption of shortwave radiation which is enhanced by optically thinner clouds. Averaged over the year and over the area north of 70° N, the negative energy imbalance at the top of the atmosphere decreases by about 10 W/m2 in both sensitivity experiments. The energy transport across 70° N is reduced. Changes are not restricted to the Arctic. Less extreme cold events and less precipitation are simulated in sub-Arctic and Northern mid-latitude regions in winter.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Assessing the Influence of a Range of Spring Meteorological Parameters on Tree Phenology (2013)
    ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY
    In:  EPIC3Biology and Environment-Proceedings of the Royal Irish Academy, ROYAL IRISH ACADEMY, 113(1), pp. 1-10, ISSN: 0791-7945
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The timing of phenological phases, such as leaf unfolding of trees, is partly driven by the weather. The impact of weather on the spring phenology of a selection of tree species in the phenological garden at Valentia Observatory, Caherciveen, County Kerry, Ireland, for the period 1967-2004 was assessed. In particular, the beginning of the growing season (BGS), as determined by the date of leaf unfolding, was considered. The impact on BGS of a range of meteorological parameters and derived parameters, including minimum, maximum and mean air temperature (°C), soil temperature (°C), rainfall (mm), sunshine (hours), number of air frost days and number of rain days was investigated. These parameters were averaged or summed over the months of February, March and April and linear regression analysis with BGS was carried out for several tree species. The results showed that the regression coefficients of BGS on minimum air and soil temperature were highest, with Populus canescens and Populus tremula showing the strongest relationships. Temperature parameters were found to be more important in driving advancing phenology than any other meteorological parameter tested.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 4
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    The earth's climate at the end of the century (2013)
    Met Eireann
    In:  EPIC3Ireland's Climate: the road ahead, Ireland's Climate: the road ahead, Dublin, Met Eireann, 7 p., pp. 25-31, ISBN: 978-0-9521232-6-2
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-04-15
    Description: Local climate is dependent on the global climate. Here, a global picture on climate change is presented using predictions from the EC-Earth simulations for the end of the century. The results indicate a general rise in annual mean temperature everywhere: 2-4 degrees (global average), 1-6 degrees (over Europe) and 1-4 degrees (Ireland). Changes in precipitation are more varied: large increases (〉100%) at high northern latitudes and in the equatorial Pacific but decreases of more than 50% over the subtropics; winters in Europe are predicted to be up to 20% wetter and summers up to 20% drier. Changes in extremes are also presented in this chapter.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Inbook , peerRev
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  • 5
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    Regional climate model simulations of North Atlantic cyclones: frequency and intensity changes (2008)
    Inter-Research
    In:  EPIC3Climate Research, Inter-Research, 36(1), pp. 1-16, ISSN: 0936-577X
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: ABSTRACT: Frequency and intensity of cyclones over the North Atlantic are investigated using 2 data sets from simulations with the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3. The model domain comprises large parts of the North Atlantic and the adjacent continents. RCA3 is driven by ECHAM5- OM1 general circulation model data for May to December from 1985 to 2000 and May to December from 2085 to 2100 assuming the SRES-A2 emission scenario. We apply an objective algorithm to iden- tify and track tropical and extratropical cyclones, as well as extratropical transition. The simulation indicates increase in the count of strong hurricanes and extratropical cyclones. Contrasting, and gen- erally weaker, changes are seen for the less extreme events. Decreases of 18% in the count of extra- tropical cyclones and 13% in the count of tropical cyclones with wind speeds of ≥ 18 m s–1 can be found. Furthermore, there is a pronounced shift in the tracks of hurricanes and their extratropical transition in November and December—more hurricanes are seen over the Gulf of Mexico, the Caribbean Sea and the western Sargasso Sea and less over the southern North Atlantic.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Regional model simulation of North Atlantic cyclones: Present climate and idealized response to increased sea surface temperature (2008)
    AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION
    In:  EPIC3Journal of Geophysical Research-Atmospheres, AMER GEOPHYSICAL UNION, 113(D2), pp. D02107, ISSN: 0148-0227
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The influence of an increased sea surface temperature (SST) on the frequency and intensity of cyclones over the North Atlantic is investigated using two data sets from simulations with the Rossby Centre regional climate model RCA3. The model domain comprises large parts of the North Atlantic and the adjacent continents. RCA3 is driven by reanalysis data for May to December 1985–2000 at the lateral and lower boundaries, using SST and lateral boundary temperatures. A realistic interannual variation in tropical storm and hurricane counts is simulated. In an idealized sensitivity experiment, SSTs and boundary condition temperatures at all levels are increased by 1 K to ensure that we can distinguish the SST from other factors influencing the development of cyclones. An increase in the count of strong hurricanes is simulated. There is not much change in the location of hurricanes. Generally weaker changes are seen in the extratropical region and for the less extreme events. Increases of 9% in the count of extratropical cyclones and 39% in the count of tropical cyclones with wind speeds of at least 18 m/s are found.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Production techniques for rare earth and other heavy negative ions : Proceedings of the 7th international conference on ion sources (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 69 (1998), S. 1082-1084 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Current nuclear structure studies demand a wide range of heavy negative ion beams for tandem acceleration. Some of the wanted isotopes have low natural abundances and many have low or negative electron affinities. For these, gas injection or the use of hydrides, oxides, or fluorides is required to achieve usable intensities. The chemical properties of the target materials, and of the additive gases used to form molecular ions, often have detrimental effects on ion source performance and life. These effects include insulator breakdown, ionizer poisoning, and the erosion or deposition of material on critical electrodes. Methods of controlling sputter source conditions are being studied on the Wright Nuclear Structure Laboratory ion source test bench with the object of extending source life, increasing target efficiency, and achieving consistent negative ion outputs. Results are reported for several heavy ions including tellurium, neodymium, and ytterbium. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1148711
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phytochrome Phototransduction Pathways (1994)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Genetics 28 (1994), S. 325-349 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4197
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.ge.28.120194.001545
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An X-ray absorption fine structure study of Ge(001)(2x1)-S
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 287-288 (1993), S. A386 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-2584(93)90443-M
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bonding sites for Cl on Si(100)2x1 and Si(111)7x7
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Surface Science Letters 211-212 (1989), S. A155 
    Details
    ISSN: 0167-2584
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0167-2584(89)90410-6
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