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A hierarchical model for earthquake generation on coupled segments of a transform fault (1993)

McCloskey, John

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Geophysical journal international 115 (1993), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-246X

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Geosciences

Notes: Models for earthquake generation employing high-dimensional cellular automata reproduce realistic event sequences which conform to the Gutenberg-Richter relation. These models allow individual degrees of freedom to many small areal increments of a fault face. Simple, low-dimensional spring-block models with as few as two blocks have been shown, however, to explain neatly the coupling between adjacent segments of transform faults which has been observed in the stratigraphic record. The comparative usefulness of these dynamically distinct models may be assessed by elucidating the number of degrees of freedom which are required to reproduce the complexity of a real earthquake catalogue.In this study the dimensionality of earthquake generating mechanisms is assessed by non-linear predictability analysis (from the literature of non-linear dynamical systems theory) on phase portraits constructed from time and magnitude data from a standard earthquake catalogue, a high-dimensional cellular automaton and a low-dimensional double-block model. The results show that complete earthquake populations are best described by complex, high-dimensional dynamics.Considerations of the structure of the frequency-magnitude distributions of real earthquake populations and the evidence for coupling between active fault sections across seismic gaps indicate, however, that such dynamics may not explain many important features of natural seismicity. A hierarchical model is therefore proposed. In this model there is an explicit change in the generating dynamics with magnitude; a high-dimensional cellular automaton being responsible for the production of low-energy events and a low-dimensional, double-block mechanism representing the dynamics of events in which an entire fault face slips. The magnitude dependence of the dimensionality and b value, which is predicted from this model, is observed in a real earthquake catalogue. Coupling across a seismic gap is also a fundamental consequence of the model.These dynamics may be appropriate for modelling seismicity on a section of a transform fault which includes more than one active segment.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-246X.1993.tb01205.x

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2

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Seismology Earthquake risk on the Sunda trench (2005)

Nalbant, Suleyman S. ; Steacy, Sandy ; Sieh, Kerry ; [et al.]

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 435 (2005), S. 756-757

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] On 28 March 2005 the Sunda megathrust in Indonesia ruptured again, producing another great earthquake three months after the previous one. The rupture was contiguous with that of the December 2004 Sumatra–Andaman earthquake, and is likely to have been sparked by local stress, although the ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/nature435756a

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3

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Indonesian earthquake Earthquake risk from co-seismic stress (2005)

Nalbant, Suleyman S. ; Steacy, Sandy ; McCloskey, John

[s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group

Nature 434 (2005), S. 291-291

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ISSN: 1476-4687

Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Notes: [Auszug] Following the massive loss of life caused by the Sumatra–Andaman earthquake in Indonesia and its tsunami, the possibility of a triggered earthquake on the contiguous Sunda trench subduction zone is a real concern. We have calculated the distributions of co-seismic stress on this ...

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/434291a

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4

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Time-to-event analyses of ecotoxicity data (1996)

Newman, Michael C. ; McCloskey, John T.

Springer

Ecotoxicology 5 (1996), S. 187-196

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ISSN: 1573-3017

Keywords: statistics ; survival time ; toxicity ; ecological risk assessment

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering

Notes: Intensity and duration of exposure dictate the effect of a toxicant. Consequently, any assessment of ecological risk that does not include a sound understanding of both concentration and duration effects is compromised. This being the case, it is surprising that the predominant approach in ecotoxicology (concentration-effect modeling) inefficiently includes exposure duration. Ecological risk assessment can be enhanced with time-to-event models that can easily include concentration, exposure duration, and other important covariates. Time-to-event methods are described and linkage made to relevant ecological techniques, i.e. life table analyses and genetic selection models.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00116339

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5

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Germacranolide-cope reaction under electron-impact (1971)

Jain, Tikam C. ; McCloskey, John Edmund ; Banks, Calvin M.

Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell

Biological Mass Spectrometry 5 (1971), S. 751-755

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ISSN: 0030-493X

Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Additional Material: 4 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/oms.1210050614

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Fluid velocity fields in 2D heterogeneous porous media: empirical measurement and validation of numerical prediction (2007)

Cassidy, Rachel ; MccLoskey, John ; Morrow, Philip

In: Geological Society Special Publication 249: 115-130.

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Publication Date: 2007-10-08

Description: The scale invariance of geological material and the consequent absence of a length scale on which to base the upscaling of measurements made on geological samples represent a serious challenge to the prediction of fluid behaviour in rock at economically interesting scales. Numerical simulation is an important tool for understanding constraints in this problem and current discrete fluid models in which complex boundary conditions can be represented have the potential for testing many possible upscaling schemes. At present, however, there are no accurate empirical data on the distributions of fluid velocities in complex, scale-invariant geometries, with which to validate such models. To address this, fluid velocity fields in complex 2D media with fractal heterogeneity were measured. Digital models of rock geometries were created and translated into physical form using electric discharge machining and stereolithography. These physical models were then enclosed between parallel sheets of glass and Perspex forming a Hele-Shaw cell which was permeated with water, doped with small neutrally buoyant spheres and pumped at accurately steady and reproducible velocities. Local velocity vectors were estimated by the analysis of sequential images captured using high-resolution video. Precision digital control systems were used to move the cell relative to the camera and repeated measurements allowed the construction of full 2D velocity fields. The accuracy of the technique was assessed by comparison between automated and manual measurements, confirming the accuracy over approaching three orders of magnitude in velocity. The results have been compared to the output of lattice Boltzmann (LB) simulations of flow in identical geometries, showing that the correlation between simulated and measured velocity fields is strongly dependent on the viscosity used in the numerical simulation. In particular, the LB scheme used in these tests is incapable of simulating correct viscosities for complex geometries. Some important effects are shown to be strongly viscosity dependent and it is concluded that some simulations may be able to predict the behaviour of high viscosity fluids only. Nonlinear effects between fracture and matrix flow are likely to be more important in these cases.

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Controllable growth of metallic nano-helices at room temperature conditions (2014)

José M. Caridad, David McCloskey, John F. Donegan and Vojislav Krstić

American Institute of Physics (AIP)

In: Applied Physics Letters

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Publication Date: 2014-12-11

Description: We report on a method to produce multiple-pitch, regularly shaped, aligned, and freestanding metallic nano-helices at room temperature. This method overcomes the limitations of the standard glancing angle deposition approach through a heat-management technique devoid of active substrate cooling and is even applicable for metals with low melting point, that is, high surface adatom diffusion. The structural quality and optical activity response of these metal nano-helices are comparable to state of the art helices produced by employing substrates cooled down to cryogenic temperatures.

Print ISSN: 0003-6951

Electronic ISSN: 1077-3118

Topics: Physics