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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monetary Policy: The Implications of Capacity Constraints and J-Curve Effects (1999)
    Oxford, UK and Boston, USA : Blackwell Publishers Ltd
    Metroeconomica 50 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1467-999X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: We present a stylized model to analyse the short- and long-run effects of monetary policy on international debt and competitiveness. The features of this non-linear model include both currency and asset substitution in a two-country framework, paying special attention to the dynamics of international debt. We find, in contrast to conventional wisdom, that, in addition to raising competitiveness and reducing debt, a monetary contraction can generate inflation in the presence of capacity constraints. Furthermore, if the inflation effect is sufficiently strong, there may be adverse short-run responses. The policy analysis explicitly considers the short-run dynamics of competitiveness, debt, prices and trade. We find there is a second J-curve effect which only occurs when the standard J-curve effect is present together with capacity constraints. The existence of cyclical short-run behaviour presents a warning to policy-makers when assessing the progress towards target equilibrium to bear in mind that adverse short-run movements may be consistent with the long-run desired aim (i.e. there may be initial movements in the “wrong” direction which are consistent with the “expected” long-run outcome).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1467-999X.00069
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The macroeconomics of the social chapter: minimum wages, human capital and labour productivity (2003)
    [S.l.] : Emerald
    Journal of economic studies 30 (2003), S. 562-583 
    Details
    ISSN: 0144-3585
    Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005
    Topics: Economics
    Notes: This paper integrates trade and macro theory to provide a two-country, multi-product framework, including debt servicing and profit repatriation in the current account, and foreign money, financial assets and shares in the capital account. We investigate the effects of minimum wage legislation on the domestic tradeables and inward foreign investment sectors. Our findings show that there are asymmetrical effects on international debt and competitiveness. Thus, policy makers must have a more detailed knowledge of the sectoral structure of the country they are concerned with, in order to make informed decisions as to the merits of minimum wage legislation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443580310504444
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  • 3
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    New insights into Kawah Ijen's volcanic system from the wet volcano workshop experiment (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-27
    Description: Volcanoes with crater lakes and/or extensive hydrothermal systems pose significant challenges with respect to monitoring and forecasting eruptions, but they also provide new opportunities to enhance our understanding of magmatic–hydrothermal processes. Their lakes and hydrothermal systems serve as reservoirs for magmatic heat and fluid emissions, filtering and delaying the surface expressions of magmatic unrest and eruption, yet they also enable sampling and monitoring of geochemical tracers. Here, we describe the outcomes of a highly focused international experimental campaign and workshop carried out at Kawah Ijen volcano, Indonesia, in September 2014, designed to answer fundamental questions about how to improve monitoring and eruption forecasting at wet volcanoes.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 4
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    Re-Estimated Effects of Deep Episodic Slip on the Occurrence and Probability of Great Earthquakes in Cascadia (2014)
    Seismological Society of America (SSA)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-02-04
    Description: Mazzotti and Adams (2004) estimated that rapid deep slip during typically two week long episodes beneath northern Washington and southern British Columbia increases the probability of a great Cascadia earthquake by 30–100 times relative to the probability during the ~58 weeks between slip events. Because the corresponding absolute probability remains very low at ~0.03% per week, their conclusion is that though it is more likely that a great earthquake will occur during a rapid slip event than during other times, a great earthquake is unlikely to occur during any particular rapid slip event. This previous estimate used a failure model in which great earthquakes initiate instantaneously at a stress threshold. We refine the estimate, assuming a delayed failure model that is based on laboratory-observed earthquake initiation. Laboratory tests show that failure of intact rock in shear and the onset of rapid slip on pre-existing faults do not occur at a threshold stress. Instead, slip onset is gradual and shows a damped response to stress and loading rate changes. The characteristic time of failure depends on loading rate and effective normal stress. Using this model, the probability enhancement during the period of rapid slip in Cascadia is negligible (〈10%) for effective normal stresses of 10 MPa or more and only increases by 1.5 times for an effective normal stress of 1 MPa. We present arguments that the hypocentral effective normal stress exceeds 1 MPa. In addition, the probability enhancement due to rapid slip extends into the interevent period. With this delayed failure model for effective normal stresses greater than or equal to 50 kPa, it is more likely that a great earthquake will occur between the periods of rapid deep slip than during them. Our conclusion is that great earthquake occurrence is not significantly enhanced by episodic deep slip events.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America (SSA)
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  • 5
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    Cluster-based Monte Carlo simulation of ferrofluids (1999)
    American Physical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1999-02-01
    Print ISSN: 1063-651X
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-3787
    Topics: Physics
    Published by American Physical Society
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  • 6
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    Testing Small-Aperture Array Analysis on Well-Located Earthquakes, and Application to the Location of Deep Tremor (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2008-04-01
    Description: We have here analyzed local and regional earthquakes using array techniques with the double aim of quantifying the errors associated with the estimation of propagation parameters of seismic signals and testing the suitability of a probabilistic location method for the analysis of nonimpulsive signals. We have applied the zero-lag cross-correlation method to earthquakes recorded by three dense arrays in Puget Sound and Vancouver Island to estimate the slowness and back azimuth of direct P waves and S waves. The results are compared with the slowness and back azimuth computed from the source location obtained by the analysis of data recorded by the Pacific Northwest seismic network (PNSN). This comparison has allowed a quantification of the errors associated with the estimation of slowness and back azimuth obtained through the analysis of array data. The statistical analysis gives sigma (sub BP) = 10 degrees and sigma (sub BS) = 8 degrees as standard deviations for the back azimuth and Formula and Formula for the slowness results of the P and S phases, respectively. These values are consistent with the theoretical relationship between slowness and back azimuth and their uncertainties. We have tested a probabilistic source location method on the local earthquakes based on the use of the slowness estimated for two or three arrays without taking into account travel-time information. Then we applied the probabilistic method to the deep, nonvolcanic tremor recorded by the arrays during July 2004. The results of the tremor location using the probabilistic method are in good agreement with those obtained by other techniques. The wide depth range, of between 10 and 70 km, and the source migration with time are evident in our results. The method is useful for locating the source of signals characterized by the absence of pickable seismic phases.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 7
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    Re-Estimated Effects of Deep Episodic Slip on the Occurrence and Probability of Great Earthquakes in Cascadia (2013)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-11-26
    Description: Mazzotti and Adams (2004) estimated that rapid deep slip during typically two week long episodes beneath northern Washington and southern British Columbia increases the probability of a great Cascadia earthquake by 30-100 times relative to the probability during the approximately 58 weeks between slip events. Because the corresponding absolute probability remains very low at approximately 0.03% per week, their conclusion is that though it is more likely that a great earthquake will occur during a rapid slip event than during other times, a great earthquake is unlikely to occur during any particular rapid slip event. This previous estimate used a failure model in which great earthquakes initiate instantaneously at a stress threshold. We refine the estimate, assuming a delayed failure model that is based on laboratory-observed earthquake initiation. Laboratory tests show that failure of intact rock in shear and the onset of rapid slip on pre-existing faults do not occur at a threshold stress. Instead, slip onset is gradual and shows a damped response to stress and loading rate changes. The characteristic time of failure depends on loading rate and effective normal stress. Using this model, the probability enhancement during the period of rapid slip in Cascadia is negligible (〈10%) for effective normal stresses of 10 MPa or more and only increases by 1.5 times for an effective normal stress of 1 MPa. We present arguments that the hypocentral effective normal stress exceeds 1 MPa. In addition, the probability enhancement due to rapid slip extends into the interevent period. With this delayed failure model for effective normal stresses greater than or equal to 50 kPa, it is more likely that a great earthquake will occur between the periods of rapid deep slip than during them. Our conclusion is that great earthquake occurrence is not significantly enhanced by episodic deep slip events.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Seismological Society of America
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  • 8
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    Testing Small-Aperture Array Analysis on Well-Located Earthquakes, (2008)
    Seismological Society of America
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: We have here analyzed local and regional earthquakes using array techniques with the double aim of quantifying the errors associated with the estimation of propagation parameters of seismic signals and testing the suitability of a probabilistic location method for the analysis of nonimpulsive signals.We have applied the zero-lag cross-correlation method to earthquakes recorded by three dense arrays in Puget Sound and Vancouver Island to estimate the slowness and back azimuth of direct P waves and S waves. The results are compared with the slowness and back azimuth computed from the source location obtained by the analysis of data recorded by the Pacific Northwest seismic network (PNSN). This comparison has allowed a quantification of the errors associated with the estimation of slowness and back azimuth obtained through the analysis of array data. The statistical analysis gives σBP 10° and σBS 8° as standard deviations for the back azimuth and σSP 0:021 sec= km and σSS 0:033 sec =km for the slowness results of the P and S phases, respectively. These values are consistent with the theoretical relationship between slowness and back azimuth and their uncertainties. We have tested a probabilistic source location method on the local earthquakes based on the use of the slowness estimated for two or three arrays without taking into account travel-time information. Then we applied the probabilistic method to the deep, nonvolcanic tremor recorded by the arrays during July 2004. The results of the tremor location using the probabilistic method are in good agreement with those obtained by other techniques. The wide depth range, of between 10 and 70 km, and the source migration with time are evident in our results. The method is useful for locating the source of signals characterized by the absence of pickable seismic phases.
    Description: Published
    Description: 620–635
    Description: 3.1. Fisica dei terremoti
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: Non Volcanic Deep Tremor ; Array analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 9
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    Array measurements of deep tremor signals in the Cascadia subduction zone (2010)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: Preliminary analysis of deep tremor recorded during July, 2004, in the Cascadia Subduction zone shows that the use of small aperture arrays can resolve the slowness and back azimuth of seismic waves with a useful resolution. Data were collected by three dense arrays of short-period seismometers specifically deployed in the Puget Sound area under an US-Italy-Canada cooperative effort. Slowness analyses at the three arrays indicate that the 2-4 Hz tremor wave-field is composed by waves propagating with apparent velocities higher than 4 km/s. Combining this with polarisation analysis show these waves to be transverse (SH) waves. However, P-waves, though smaller in amplitude, can be detected by different slowness values obtained for the radial and transverse components. The intersection of wave vectors determined by the back azimuth and slowness values measured at the three arrays provides a preliminary estimate of source location for a sample of the recorded deep tremor.
    Description: Published
    Description: L21319
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: deep tremor ; seismic array ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.10. Instruments and techniques ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.02. Geodynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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  • 10
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    Short‐term and long‐term tremor migration patterns of the Cascadia 2004 tremor and slow slip episode using small aperture seismic arrays (2010)
    American Geophysical Union
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-04-04
    Description: An edited version of this paper was published by AGU. Copyright (2010) American Geophysical Union.
    Description: Tectonic tremor has been recorded at many subduction zones, including the Nankai, Cascadia, Mexican, and Alaskan subduction zones. This study, the first to use small aperture seismic arrays to track tremor, deployed three small aperture seismic arrays along the Cascadia subduction zone during a tremor and slow slip episode in July 2004. The tremor was active during virtually all (up to 99%) minutes of the analyzed tremor episode using 5 min sample windows. Individual wave phases were tracked across the arrays and used to derive slowness vectors. These were compared with slowness vectors computed from a standard layered Earth model to derive tremor locations. Locations were stable within a volume roughly 250 km2 in epicenter and 20 km in depth for hours to days before moving to a new volume. The migration between volumes was not smooth, and the movement of the sources within the volume followed no specific pattern. Overall migration speeds along the strike of the subduction zone were between 5 and 15 km/d; smaller scale migration speeds between volumes reached speeds up to 2 km/min. Uncertainties in the best locations were 5 km in epicenter and 10 km in depth. For this data set and processing methodology, tremor does not locate predominately on the primary subduction interface. Our favored model for the generation of tectonic tremor signals is that the tremor is triggered by stress and fluid pressure changes caused by slow slip and is composed, at least in part, of low‐frequency earthquakes broadly distributed in location
    Description: Published
    Description: B00A24
    Description: 3.2. Tettonica attiva
    Description: 3.3. Geodinamica e struttura dell'interno della Terra
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: reserved
    Keywords: tremor migration ; Cascadia 2004 ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.03. Earthquake source and dynamics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.06. Surveys, measurements, and monitoring ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.09. Waves and wave analysis ; 04. Solid Earth::04.07. Tectonophysics::04.07.04. Plate boundaries, motion, and tectonics
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
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