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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Restoration of a Forest Understory After the Removal of an Invasive Shrub, Amur Honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) (2004)
    Oxford, UK; Malden, USA : Blackwell Science Inc
    Restoration ecology 12 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1526-100X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The recruitment of native seedlings is often reduced in areas where the invasive Amur honeysuckle (Lonicera maackii) is abundant. To address this recruitment problem, we evaluated the effectiveness of L. maackii eradication methods and restoration efforts using seedlings of six native tree species planted within eradication and unmanipulated (control) plots. Two eradication methods using glyphosate herbicide were evaluated: cut and paint and stem injection with an EZ-Ject lance. Lonicera maackii density and biomass as well as microenvironmental characteristics were measured to study their effects on seedling growth and survivorship. Mean biomass of Amur honeysuckle was 361 ± 69 kg/ha, and density was 21,380 ± 3,171 plants/ha. Both eradication treatments were effective in killing L. maackii (≥ 94%). The injection treatment was most effective on large L. maackii individuals (〉1.5 cm diameter), was 43% faster to apply than cutting and painting and less fatiguing for the operator, decreased operator exposure to herbicide, and minimized impact to nontarget vegetation. Deer browse tree protectors were used on half of the seedlings, but did not affect survivorship or growth. After 3 years, survival of native seedlings was significantly less where L. maackii was left intact (32 ± 3%) compared with the eradication plots (p 〈 0.002). Seedling survival was significantly different between cut (51 ± 3%) and injected (45 ± 3%) plots. Species had different final percent survival and rates of mortality. Species survival differed greatly by species (in descending order): Fraxinus pennsylvanica 〉 Quercus muehlenbergii ≥ Prunus serotina≥ Juglans nigra 〉 Cercis canadensis 〉 Cornus florida. Survivorship and growth of native seedlings was affected by a severe first-year drought and by site location. One site exhibited greater spring soil moisture, pH, percent open canopy, and had greater survivorship relative to the other site (55 ± 2 vs. 30 ± 2%). Overall, both L. maackii eradication methods were successful, but restorationists should be aware of the potential for differential survivorship of native seedlings depending on species identity and microenvironmental conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1061-2971.2004.00368.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit maturation patterns of Carya spp. (Juglandaceae): an intra-crown analysis of growth and reproduction (1992)
    Springer
    Oecologia 91 (1992), S. 30-38 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Carya ; Fruit abortion ; Herbivory ; Reproduction ; Resource allocation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Fruit survival patterns, from fertilization to maturation, were examined for Carya ovata and C. tomentosa in a New Jersey USA forest. We observed fruiting and shoot growth characteristics over a 3-yr period to determine: (1) the patterns of fruit survivorship (from initiation to maturity) within and among years, (2) the relationships between shoot growth, fruit initiation, and fruit survival to maturity, and (3) the influence of phytophagous insects on fruit survival. We found that within years, smaller infructescences (1–2 fruits) exhibited greater relative survivorship than larger ones (3–4 fruits); however, absolute nut production was greatest for mid-sized infructescences (2–3 fruits). Among years, fruit survivorship varied considerably within populations. Across the 3-yr period we observed average fruit survivorship to be convex, linear, and concave, respectively. Likewise, shoot characteristics (length, width, number of leaves) varied concomitantly (decreasing fruit survivorship was accompanied by decreasing shoot length and number of leaves). Within years, we found no strong relationship between shoot characteristics and infructescence size and survival. The patterns of tree-to-tree variation suggested a strong genetic basis to shoot growth and fruit maturation. However, patterns of variation within and among years also indicated a strong environmental influence on these traits as well. Natural phytophagy by insects was observed to be low (〈5%); however, shoot defoliations of 10–25% were not uncommon. Experimental defoliations (ambient, 10–15%, 20–40%, and 75–100%) did not result in reduced survival to maturity. Collectively, the data suggest that year-to-year variability in shoot growth has a greater influence on fruit maturation patterns than within year fruit-shoot relations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00317237
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  • 3
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    Two-year response of American chestnut (Castanea dentata) seedlings to shelterwood harvesting and fire in a mixed-oak forest ecosystem (2005)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2005-03-01
    Description: The American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) was once an important tree species in the eastern United States prior to its devastation by the chestnut blight. The American Chestnut Foundation will soon release seeds that are blight resistant. However, the necessary site requirements for restoration efforts have not yet been explored. The goal of this study was to evaluate the survival and growth of chestnut seedlings within a diverse forest management regime. Seedlings were experimentally grown for 2 years in three mixed-oak forests subjected to thinning, burning, thinning followed by burning, and an untreated control. Seedling biomass parameters were most influenced by treatments that increased light availability. Soil chemistry and texture parameters were also correlated (p 
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 4
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    The photosynthetic response of American chestnut seedlings to differing light conditions (2007)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-09-01
    Description: Restoration attempts to reintroduce American chestnut trees to the eastern deciduous forest by means of a disease-resistant Chinese–American hybrid seed are in progress. Knowing the light conditions required for optimum seedling performance is necessary to maximize the success of reintroduction. American chestnut ( Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) seedlings were planted in two replicate forests in Vinton County, Ohio, in areas that had been thinned (more available light) and in control areas (intact canopy, less available light). The photosynthetic capacity of 12 seedlings per treatment was assessed using an infrared gas-exchange analyzer. Seedlings in the thinned treatment reached light-saturating rates of photosynthesis at an irradiance level approximately 33% higher than did the seedlings in the control treatment. Seedlings grown in the thinned treatment had a significantly greater maximum rate of photosynthesis (Amax), dark respiration rate (Rd), and daily carbon gain per seedling than seedlings grown in the control treatment. The light compensation point (LCP), quantum efficiency (ϕ), leaf mass per area (LMA), and leaf nitrogen concentration per unit leaf area (Narea) were not significantly different between treatments. American chestnut seedlings in the thinned treatment clearly maximize leaf-level photosynthetic capacity. These results will aid land managers in planning reintroduction trials by providing information on the light conditions required for maximum seedling success.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 5
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    An Ethnobotanical analysis of the tree species common to the subtropical moist forests of the petén, Guatemala (1997)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1997-04-01
    Print ISSN: 0013-0001
    Electronic ISSN: 1874-9364
    Topics: Biology , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Springer
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  • 6
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    A new index of interspecific competition for replacement and additive designs (2001)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-01
    Print ISSN: 0912-3814
    Electronic ISSN: 1440-1703
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Springer
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  • 7
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    Dendroecology of American chestnut in a disjunct stand of oakchestnut forest (2006)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2006-01-01
    Description: American chestnut (Castanea dentata (Marsh.) Borkh.) was once an important hardwood species in the forests of eastern North America. Following the chestnut blight fungus (Cryphonectria parasitica (Murrill) Barr) pandemic of the early 20th century, C. dentata remains only as sprouts throughout much of its range. We conducted a dendroecological analysis of a large naturalized stand of mature C. dentata to evaluate the species' growth capacity, ecology, and restoration potential. Eestablishment of C. dentata was sporadic in the first 40 years of our chronology, followed by a disturbance-associated recruitment pulse. The species appears to be tolerant of suppression in the understory, but responded to release with rapid radial growth (〉10 mm·year1). Although its climategrowth relationships are similar to those of other hardwood species, mean radial growth of C. dentata was nearly twice that of other hardwood species found in the stand (4.7 ± 0.21 vs. 2.5 ± 0.16 mm·year1). Chestnut blight has recently infected this stand, resulting in a sharp depression in the growth chronology of C. dentata, even when outward signs of infection were not yet visible. Observed establishment and growth patterns suggest that blight-resistant C. dentata is likely to attain dominance rapidly in forests where restoration efforts include canopy manipulations that increase light availability.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 8
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    Tree growth response to fuel reduction treatments along a topographic moisture gradient in mixed-oak forests of Ohio, U.S.A. (2014)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-05-01
    Description: This study examined the effect of the soil moisture gradient on tree growth response to prescribed fire and thinning in oak-dominated forests of Ohio. Six hundred and ninety-six increment cores (348 trees, five species) were collected from eighty 0.1 ha plots distributed across four treatments (control, thin, burn, thin + burn) in two sites. Ring widths were converted to basal area increments (BAIs). A water balance approach based on geographic information systems (GIS) was used to assess the potential evapotranspiration (PET) and moisture deficit for each tree, along with a long-term integrated moisture index, also based on GIS. The moisture gradients varied considerably across the landscape, with the highest PET and moisture deficit on ridges and south-facing slopes. This variation influenced the BAI of the studied species, but more strongly in the control stands than in the managed stands, where treatment effects became the main drivers of growth. Oaks exhibited greater BAI on sites with intermediate moisture demand or stress, whereas the non-oaks had greater BAI on more mesic sites. Moisture deficit and PET also interacted to influence BAI of yellow-poplar (Liriodendron tulipifera L.) and white oak (Quercus alba L.), particularly in the control. These results demonstrate the strong regulatory effect of the topographically controlled soil moisture gradient on tree growth in mixed-oak (Quercus spp.) forests, which can be explored to better understand community response to prescribed fire and thinning treatments.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 9
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    Composition and ecology of macrofungal and myxomycete communities on oak woody debris in a mixed-oak forest of Ohio (2003)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-11-01
    Description: Woody debris is recognized as an important structural component in forests, but little is known about the epixylic communities that it supports in many forest types. The goal of this study was to identify the macrofungal (asco mycetes and basidiomycetes) and myxomycete communities found on woody debris in the topographically dissected mixed-oak forests of southern Ohio and identify environmental parameters that influence species richness and species distributions. Fifty oak (Quercus spp. L.) logs were selected across slope aspects and slope positions throughout the landscape to maximize microsite variability. Over a 2-year period, 130 epixylic species were collected (28 ascomy cetes, 72 basidiomycetes, and 30 myxomycetes). Log surface area explained a significant amount of variation in species richness (R2 = 0.51, P 〈 0.001). Richness was significantly (P 〈 0.05) correlated with volume of woody debris in the plot (+) and with study log volume (+), lichen cover (), and surface structural characteristics (amount of bark (+), solid wood (), and fragmented wood (+)). Canonical correspondence analysis revealed that slope aspect, bark cover, percent slope, and woody stem density influenced individual epixylic species distributions. Because of their influence on epixylic communities, various environmental parameters must be accounted for in regional epixylic studies.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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  • 10
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    Effects of simulated post-harvest light availability and soil compaction on deciduous forest herbs (2002)
    Canadian Science Publishing
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-01
    Description: To better understand the response of eastern deciduous forest herbs to microenvironmental changes associated with logging, the effects of experimental light and soil compaction treatments were examined in six herbaceous plant species characteristic of varying successional stages. We found severe growth reductions and increased mortality of Osmorhiza claytonii (Michx.) C.B. Clarke, a shade-tolerant forest perennial, when grown in full sun and greater soil compaction. Deeply shaded conditions, similar to those beneath regenerating forests, resulted in reduced growth of early successional species such as Galium aparine L., and Eupatorium rugosum Houtt. Growth of other species such as Geum canadense Jacq., and Elymus hystrix L. appeared to increase in the patchy, intermediate light treatment mimicking mature eastern deciduous forests. Soil compaction caused severe reductions in height and biomass of Eupatorium rugosum and O. claytonii, early- and late-successional species, respectively. While harvested stands experience relatively uniform light environments, canopy gaps and sunflecks in mature eastern deciduous forests create heterogeneous light environments often correlated with recruitment, growth, and diversity of understory herbs. Therefore, management approaches that minimize alteration of forest environments and mimic natural disturbance patterns may be important to the maintenance and regeneration of forest herbs.
    Print ISSN: 0045-5067
    Electronic ISSN: 1208-6037
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Published by Canadian Science Publishing
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