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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Langmuir 11 (1995), S. 1304-1312 
    ISSN: 1520-5827
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    College Park, Md. : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    The Journal of Chemical Physics 102 (1995), S. 5871-5872 
    ISSN: 1089-7690
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In a reply to a recent paper by J. T. Buontempo and S. A. Rice [J. Chem. Phys. 98, 5825 (1993)], it is shown that incorrect expressions were used for the parallel and perpendicular components of the absorption indices k, which lead to erroneous intensities in the calculated infrared reflection spectra. Recalculation of the results with the correct equations shows that a molecular orientation analysis based on the dichroic intensity ratios, as proposed in that paper, generally does require a knowledge of the isotropic absorption coefficients. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1546-170X
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] The multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP) mediates the cellular excretion of many drugs, glutathione S-conjugates (GS-X) of lipophilic xenobiotics and endogenous cysteinyl leukotrienes1–5. Increased MRP levels in tumor cells can cause multidrug resistance (MDR) by decreasing the ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 107 (1976), S. 845-857 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The dissociation constants of quinuclidinium chloride have been determined in dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO), dimethylacetamide (DMA), dimethylformamide (DMF), propanediol-1,2-carbonate (PDC), acetonitrile (AN), nitromethane (NM) and nitrobenzene (NB). The data suggest that the H-atom bonded to the N-atom is sufficiently acidic in order to form H-bridges either with the chloride ion or with solvent molecules. In contrast to the failure of elementary electrostatic models the results have been successfully interpreted by the coordination chemical approach which takes into account the different nucleophilic and electrophilic properties of the solvents.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 108 (1977), S. 417-422 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract By means of NMR-spectroscopy the volume susceptibilities of various solvents have been determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Acceptor numbers have been determined for binary mixtures of water with acetonitrile (AN), dioxane, acetone (AC), pyridine (PY), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF), dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), hexamethylphosphoramide (HMPA), methanol, ethanol andi-propyl alcohol. The electrophilic properties of binary aqueous-non aqueous solvent mixtures are determined both by selective solvation and specific solvent-solvent interactions. The variation of the acceptor number as a function of solvent composition is interpreted in terms of the previously determined nucleophilic and electrophilic properties of the pure components and their specific solvent structure.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 108 (1977), S. 1479-1495 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract Standard free energies of transfer from the reference solvent acetonitrile to various protic and aprotic solvents have been calculated based on the assumption of negligible diffusion potentials in certain galvanic cells. The standard free energies of transfer of Cl−, Br−, and I− are linearly related to the acceptor numbers of unstructured solvents. Similarly, linear relationships were found to exist between the donor numbers of unstructured solvents and the standard free energies of transfer of K+ and in part Ag+. Deviations from linearity occuring in protic solvents like water, methanol, ethanol or trifluoroethanol are interpreted in terms of changes in solvent structure.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 110 (1979), S. 191-199 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: Enthalpy of vaporization ; Free energy of vaporization ; Hole formation, theory of ; Surface tension
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A relationship has been found between the equilibrium vapour pressurep eq and the enthalpy of vapourization ΔH vp of aprotic solvents of the form—RT ln (V m ·p eq/RT)=(1−k) ΔH vp whereV m is the molar volume of the solvent andk has a value of 0,43 at 25 °C. This relationship allows a calculation of enthalpies a vapourization from the vapour pressure at a given temperature or vice versa and has been tested for a large number of solvents. An extension of a model previously devised to calculate the changes in the basic thermodynamic functions associated with the creation of cavities of molecular dimensions in liquids, to holes ofmacroscopic dimensions predicts a relationship between surface tension σ and vapour pressure or enthalpy of vapourization of aprotic solvents of the form $$\begin{gathered} \sigma = - RT\ln (V_m \cdot p_{eq} /RT)/\sqrt[3]{{36\pi N_L \cdot V_m ^2 }} = \hfill \\ = (1 - k)\Delta H_{vp} /\sqrt[3]{{36\pi N_L \cdot V_m ^2 }} \hfill \\ \end{gathered} $$ which is remarkably well fulfilled for a variety of aprotic solvents.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Monatshefte für Chemie 106 (1975), S. 1235-1257 
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The electrophilic properties of 34 solvents have been characterized by the Acceptor Number (AN) which has been derived from31P-n.m.r. measurements of triethylphosphine oxide dissolved in the respective solvents. Relationships are found between the acceptor numbers and theZ-values,E T-values andY-values, as well as the free energies of solvation of anions and the redox potentials of the hexacyanoferrate(III)—hexacyanoferrrate(II) system in different solvents. The new parameter provides—together with the donor number—a useful guide in choosing the most appropriate solvent for a given reaction.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1434-4475
    Keywords: IR-Spectroscopy ; Solvent effects ; Solvation mechanisms ; Acceptor number ; Triethylphosphine oxide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurde die Konzentrations- und Lösungsmittelabhängigkeit der P=O-Valenzschwingungv(PO) der ModellverbindungEt 3PO in verschiedenen aprotischen und CH-aciden Lösungsmitteln systematisch untersucht. In hinreichend verdünnten Lösungen tritt die P=O-Valenzschwingung als einzelne symmetrische Bande auf, was beweist, daß nur eine einzige Solvatform vorliegt. In Lösungsmitteln niedriger Akzeptorzahl konnte bei höheren Konzentrationen die Existenz von Dipol-Dipol-Komplexen nachgewiesen werden. In CH-aciden Lösungsmitteln liegtEt 3PO in Form von Wasserstoffbrückenkomplexen vor. Aussagen über die Struktur dieser Komplexe konnten mit Hilfe spektrophotometrischer Titrationen erhalten werden. Die durch Extrapolation auf Konzentration null erhaltenen Wellenzahlenv° (PO) hängen linear von den aus den31P-chemischen Verschiebungen vonEt 3PO bereits früher bestimmten Akzeptorzahlen der Lösungsmittel ab. Die Existenz dieser linearen Beziehung beweist, daß beide Parameter frei von störenden Einflußfaktoren (magnetische Anisotropie- und Schwingungskopp-lungseffekte) sind und tatsächlich linear mit der Stärke der intermolekularen Wechselwirkung variieren. Die Ergebnisse der vorliegenden Studie zeigen, daß die P=O-Valenzschwingung vonEt 3PO eine hervorragende Sonde zur Untersuchung von Lösungsmitteleffekten und Solvatationsmechanismen darstellt.
    Notes: Abstract A systematic study has been carried out on the solvent and concentration dependence of the P=O stretching vibrationv(PO) of the model compoundEt 3PO in various aprotic and several CH-acidic solvents. Evidence has been found for the existence of dipole-dipole complexes in concentrated solutions ofEt 3PO in solvents of low acceptor numbers. In dilute solutions, however, the P=O stretching band generally occurs as a single symmetrical peak which shows that only one kind of solvate species is present in solution. In CH-acidic solventsEt 3PO is present in the form of hydrogen bonded complexes. Informations about the structure of these complexes have been obtained by means of spectrophotometric titrations. It has been shown that the wavenumbersv°(PO) obtained by extrapolation ofv(PO) values to zero concentration are linearly related to the acceptor numbers of the solvents, previously derived from31P-chemical shift measurements. The existence of this linear relationships proves that both parameters are linearly related to the strength of the intermolecular interactions and are virtually free from unspecific contributions such as magnetic anisotropy or vibrational coupling effects. The results of the present study show that the P=O stretching vibration ofEt 3PO represents an ideal probe for the investigation of solvent effects and solvation mechanisms.
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