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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 2144-2146 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It has been recently shown that growth of [001]-oriented short period (AC)n/(BC)n vertical superlattices (n∼1−2) spontaneously creates a lateral composition modulation in the substrate plane ([110] direction), where wire-like AC-rich and BC-rich domains alternate with a period of ∼100−200 Å. This creates a new type of lattice structure with orthogonal [001] and [110] strain fields and compositional waves. Using a three-dimensional plane-wave pseudopotential approach, we study here the electronic properties of this type of structure in a GaInAs alloy, predicting valence band splittings into distinctly polarized components, a ≤100 meV band-gap reduction and strong, type I electron and hole confinement in the In-rich lateral channels. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 160-167 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Valence force field simulations utilizing large supercells are used to investigate the bond lengths in wurtzite and zinc-blende InxGa1−xN and AlxGa1−xN random alloys. We find that (i) while the first-neighbor cation–anion shell is split into two distinct values in both wurtzite and zinc-blende alloys (RGa−N1≠RIn−N1), the second-neighbor cation–anion bonds are equal (RGa−N2=RIn−N2). (ii) The second-neighbor cation–anion bonds exhibit a crucial difference between wurtzite and zinc-blende binary structures: in wurtzite we find two bond distances which differ in length by 13% while in the zinc-blende structure there is only one bond length. This splitting is preserved in the alloy, and acts as a fingerprint, distinguishing the wurtzite from the zinc-blende structure. (iii) The small splitting of the first-neighbor cation–anion bonds in the wurtzite structure due to nonideal c/a ratio is preserved in the alloy, but is obscured by the bond length broadening. (iv) The cation–cation bond lengths exhibit three distinct values in the alloy (Ga–Ga, Ga–In, and In–In), while the anion–anion bonds are split into two values corresponding to N–Ga–N and N–In–N. (v) The cation–related splitting of the bonds and alloy broadening are considerably larger in InGaN alloy than in AlGaN alloy due to larger mismatch between the binary compounds. (vi) The calculated first-neighbor cation–anion and cation–cation bond lengths in InxGa1−xN alloy are in good agreement with the available experimental data. The remaining bond lengths are provided as predictions. In particular, the predicted splitting for the second-neighbor cation–anion bonds in the wurtzite structure awaits experimental testing. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, U.K. and Cambridge, USA : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Plant pathology 45 (1996), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-3059
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Differences in isozyme and RAPD-PCR polymorphisms amongst 33 isolates of Fusarium avenaceum were compared using native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and agarose gel electrophoresis. The isolates were collected from different regions of Finland. Amongst eight enzymes analysed clear isozyme polymorphism was detected in five enzymes which could be grouped into 20 different electrophoretic phenotypes and three main groups at the similarity level of 70% in unweighted pair group method with arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis. RAPD-PCR analysis differentiated all F. avenaceum strains from each other. The phenotypes resulting from RAPD-PCR analysis were grouped into five main groups by UPGMA analysis at the similarity level of 55%. These main groups had several similarities with the main groups from isozyme analysis. RAPD-PCR patterns of 16 isolates of Fusarium graminearumF. culmorumF. equisetiF. oxysporum and F. redolens were also studied and strains from each Fusarium species formed individual groups in UPGMA and principal components analyses. Thus, the extent of isozyme and RAPD-PCR polymorphisms found in Fusarium strains potentially provides a method for identifying the fungi both at strain and species level.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 53 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The surfaces of beef and chicken samples were inoculated with a mixture of a donor (resistant to tetracycline, streptomycin, chloramphenicol, ampicillin, neomycin and sulphonamide), and a recipient strain of Eschetichia coli. Meats were maintained at 20°C and 4°C and sampled daily. Transfer of antibiotic resistance could not be demonstrated at either temperature. The recipient strain survived without significant growth at 4°C, but failure to transfer antibiotic resistance at 20°C was considered to be due to the sessile growth of the organisms enclosed in a dense glycocalyx, precluding close contact between the organisms.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 258-263 (Dec. 1997), p. 1119-1124 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0040-6031
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Cellulose pulp fibres are multilamellar and contain pores7 which range in size from 4 to 300 Å. Furthermore, PEI, like other polyelectrolytes, can develop charges within the macromolecule when subjected to pH. changes in its environment. These like charges, generated in the polymer backbone ...
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1572-9702
    Keywords: Euseius finlandicus ; fungi ; ITS ; Phytoseiidae ; RAPD-PCR ; SCAR
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The variation within and between Finnish Euseius finlandicus populations was investigated by RAPD-PCR and ITS sequence analyses. Resin DNA extraction was found to be a suitable method for samples of single mites used in PCR. The banding patterns from 24 RAPD primers and 10 primer pairs were very similar and reproducible in all specimens of the predatory mite studied. However, the E. finlandicus K-strain could be distinguished from organophosphate-resistant predatory mites (R-strain), since almost all of them produced a 1400 bp RAPD-PCR product, which was missing or very rare in other strains studied. Another RAPD band of ca. 680 bp was in turn much more common in other mites of E. finlandicus than in the K-strain mites. Mite specific primers were designed and used to follow the survival of the R-strain released on apple trees. The 680 bp band obtained with specific primers was specific to the species E. finlandicus mites studied, including those that had been negative with RAPD primers. The 1400 bp specific primers could be used as a marker for following the survival of R-strain mites on apple trees. At the species level it was possible to distinguish adults and eggs of E. finlandicus from Anthoseius rhenanus and Phytonemus pallidus by RAPD-PCR. In addition, a band at 480 bp was found to correspond to DNA of the predatory mite Phytoseius macropilis, when both specific primer pairs were used together. It was not possible to amplify the ITS region of E. finlandicus rDNA using several primer pairs that work in other mites and aphids. However, a basidiomycete rDNA sequence was amplified with one of these ITS primer pairs in K-strain mites. Finally, it was found that fungal rDNA-specific primers amplified an ITS region of ca. 650 bp in several strains of E. finlandicus. Internal primers, designed to amplify the central part of the 650 bp product, successfully amplified this product from all the mites.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 25 (1987), S. 189-193 
    ISSN: 0749-1581
    Keywords: Sulphonamide ; Sulphinamide ; Multinuclear NMR ; Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: 13C, 15N and 17O NMR chemical shifts, and also 1J(CH) and 1J(NH) values, have been determined for variously substituted sulphonamides and some sulphinamides, either neat or in acetone or dimethyl sulphoxide solution.The effect of benzene ring substituents on the chemical shifts of nitrogen and oxygen nuclei is slight, but N-substitution changes the shielding of both nuclei. Generally, an N-methyl substituent shields an amide nitrogen and an N,N-dimethyl substituent gives further slight shielding. On the other hand, an N-phenyl substituent deshields the nitrogen strongly, but the deshielding effect of an N,N-diphenyl substituent is markedly smaller. The sulphonyl oxygens are deshielded relative to the sulphinyl oxygens, and N-methyl and N,N-dimethyl substituents shield the oxygen nucleus. The effect of N-phenyl and N,N-diphenyl substituents on the shielding of the oxygen atoms of the sulphonyl group is slight.The direct 1J(CH) coupling constants are similar, but they are characteristic of different type of sulphur amides. The 1J(NH) values are of the same order of magnitude for sulphonamides and sulphinamides, but are clearly smaller for N-unsubstituted amides than for N-substituted compounds.
    Additional Material: 8 Tab.
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