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  • 1
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    Particle Size in Suspension Polymerization (1951)
    American Chemical Society
    Details
    Publication Date: 1951-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0019-7866
    Electronic ISSN: 1541-5724
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Published by American Chemical Society
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Particle Size in Suspension Polymerization (1951)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial & engineering chemistry 43 (1951), S. 1108-1112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-5045
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ie50497a031
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loss of antioxidants from polyethylene by evaporation and aqueous extraction (1960)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 3 (1960), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Polyethylene containing various types of antioxidants was either heated in a stream of nitrogen or placed in water maintained at several different temperatures under nitrogen. The polymer was then oxidized to determine how greatly the evaporation or extraction treatment had reduced the antioxidant effectiveness as compared with a control. Polymeric materials and carbon blacks were more completely retained than monomolecular organic compounds. The presence of carbon black did not greatly alter the rate of loss for any of these substances except Santonox, which was almost completely retained.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1960.070030903
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of carbon black on thermal antioxidants for polyethylene (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 37-42 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: About 3% by weight of carbon black adequately protects polyethylene against photo-oxidation and, under accelerated test conditions, slightly inhibits thermal oxidation. As a rule small amounts of organic antioxidants are also added to the polymer for optimum protection. Now many of the common phenolic and amine additives have been found to function much less effectively in polyethylene containing carbon black than in clear polymer. Loss of effectiveness is attributed to adsorption and/or decomposition of the antioxidant by both basic and acidic carbon black.
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010107
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New thermal antioxidants for polyethylene containing carbon black (1959)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 1 (1959), S. 43-49 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Common secondary aromatic amine and alkylated phenolic antioxidants lose much of their activity in polyethylene containing carbon black. In contrast their thioether derivatives provide more protection against oxidation than the sum of the separate contributions of carbon black and the sulfur compounds. Organic disulfides and some thio-ethers without amino or phenolic hydrogen also safeguard polyethylene from oxidation but only in the presence of carbon black. Likewise thiols are excellent protectants in combination with carbon black but not in clear polymer. Aliphatic thiols, disulfides, and their polymeric derivatives and related selenium compounds exhibit similar activity.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1959.070010108
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stabilization of polyethylene by antioxidants of large particle size (1961)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 5 (1961), S. S15 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1961.070051620
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoxidation of semicrystalline polyethylene (1966)
    Stamford, Conn. [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Polymer Engineering and Science 6 (1966), S. 273-278 
    Details
    ISSN: 0032-3888
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Thermal oxidation in linear polyethylene is mainly confined to disordered regions in which scission reactions cause crystallization and eventual deterioration of mechanical properties. Gel formation is negligible at 100°C. As degradation proceeds, comparable changes occur in the intrinsic viscosities of melt and solution-crystallized liner polymers, indicating that chain folds are regularly arranged and are resistant to oxidative scission. Breakdown is much more extensive in branched and crosslinked polymers since crosslinking retards oxidative crystallization and branching increases the volume fraction of substrate ultimately accessible to oxygen.
    Additional Material: 14 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pen.760060317
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pyrolysis of crosslinked styrene polymers (1956)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 22 (1956), S. 315-324 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: The effect of network density on pyrolysis of polymers and copolymers of styrene, divinylbenzene, and trivinylbenzene was studied over a wide range of temperature. Thermal stability of polymers and size of carbon residues increased with crosslink concentration as volatilization rates declined. Rate of gas evolution was dependent on particle size, but was unaffected by catalyst content and moderate pressure changes. The results indicate extensive alteration of monomer units, possibly by a hydrogen transfer process which favors carbon formation rather than vaporization.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1956.1202210113
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New thermal antioxidants for polyethylene (1958)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 28 (1958), S. 439-442 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1958.1202811725
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The morphology of semicrystalline polymers. Part I. The effect of temperature on the oxidation of polyolefinsPresented at the 135th Meeting of the American Chemical Society, Boston, Massachusetts, April, 1959. (1959)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Polymer Science 41 (1959), S. 1-11 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-3832
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Oxidation rates of several uninhibited polyolefins were determined in the temperature range 40-140°C. The logerithm of the induction period increased linearly with 1/T, no changes in slope being noted in the melting range with polythylene. At the lower temperatures branched polythylenes were more susceptible to oxidation than the linear types. In the solid statem, oxygen uptake of both modifications were substantially less than that observed for the molten polymer. The amount of oxygen reacting in the solid state was shown to be inversely proportional to the per cent crystallinity, which indicates that reaction with oxygen takes place only in the amorphous region of these semicrystalline polymers. Isotactic polypropylene was only slightly less reactive than the atactic form, and both were more reactive than polyethylene. The effect of temperature on the activity of several moderately effective anotioxidants in branched polythylene was measured. These data also conform to linear Arrhenius-type plots. Activation energies were specific, however, for each antioxidant and varied considerably; thus, an antioxidant rated as relatively ineffective under accelerated testing conditions could be quite effective within the temperature range over which it would normally be used as a polythylene protectant. Carbon black, which is comparable with some to the less effective thermal antioxidants under accelerated test conditions, provided an unexpected high order of protection for polyethylene below the melting point. This increased protection in the solid state was attributed to the impermeability of the crystalline phase to oxygen and increased concentration of the bulky carbon (antioxidant) particles in the amorphous region.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pol.1959.1204113801
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