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  • 1
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    Radio detection of Jupiter-like extra-solar planets (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: British Interplanetary Society; vol. 27
    Format: text
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  • 2
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    Photometric detection of extrasolar planets using L.S.T.-type telescopes (1975)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Detection of planets similar to the earth and Jupiter that might be circling nearby stars is possible with the large space telescope (LST), or modifications of this instrument. The use of the moon as an occulter to increase the signal-to-noise ratio and the expected photon fluxes from hypothetical planetary companions to alpha Centauri A and B, tau Ceti, and epsilon Eridani are discussed. Because Barnard's Star is a red dwarf of visual apparent magnitude 9.5, photometric detection of its hypothetical Jupiter-like companion would be difficult using the LST-occulter system described in this paper.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: British Interplanetary Society; vol. 28
    Format: text
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  • 3
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    Optical techniques for the detection of extrasolar planets - A critical review (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-16
    Description: Proposed optical techniques of extrasolar planet detection are discussed and compared. These include terrestrial, orbital, and moon-based systems. Terrestrial systems include ground-level searches for random eclipses of primaries and 'light' echoes of stellar flares from companion planets as well as balloon-mounted telescopes operating in the stratosphere used in conjunction with orbital occulters. Space telescopes considered are multimirror systems simulating huge mirror diameters and single-mirror telescopes, such as the 3-meter Large Space Telescope, used in conjunction with occulters. Although very modest systems are capable of detecting extrasolar planets, the amount of information we can gather regarding these worlds is a function of system complexity and program duration.
    Keywords: ASTRONOMY
    Type: British Interplanetary Society; vol. 29
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  • 4
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    Tropospheric UV flux calculations and photolysis rates for use with zonally and diurnally averaged models (1979)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-17
    Description: A computationally fast and efficient method for calculating solar UV fluxes in the troposphere is developed. Calculated fluxes compare favorably with more rigorous multiple scattering results, and qualitatively correct behavior of the direct and diffuse flux components is maintained. In view of the relatively large uncertainties in other aspects of tropospheric photochemical models, the use of approximate UV flux calculations appears warranted. The technique is applied to the calculation of photolysis rates for twelve significant photolytic reactions of nine species.
    Keywords: GEOPHYSICS
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  • 5
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    Monitoring stratospheric ozone and aerosols using orbiting photoelectric detectors (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: Application of slightly modified off-the-shelf automatic celestial navigation systems ('star trackers') is considered for the purposes of monitoring variations in the optical depth of the stratospheric aerosol and ozone layers. The basic principle of the technique is to observe stars from an orbiting station as they are occulted by the stratospheric aerosol layer. Since molecular and refraction extinction are directly calculable, total extinction measurements using a dual-sensor (S4 and S20) approach allows us to directly solve for ozone and aerosol extinction and look for correlations between these two parameters. The technique appears promising for remotely monitoring aerosol and ozone optical depth in the 15-25 km region over selected locations and is independently accurate if aerosol composition and relative size distribution are invariant.
    Keywords: SPACECRAFT INSTRUMENTATION
    Type: Journal of the Astronautical Sciences; 24; Oct
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  • 6
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    Technique for atmospheric rate chemistry calculations (1976)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: The possibility that predictions of atmospheric photochemistry/transport models are sensitive to uncertainties in reaction rates and other inputs stresses the need for rapid numerical integration schemes in rate photochemistry problems. Reducing the computational burden has a major merit in facilitating sensitivity studies to assess the effect of uncertainties on predicted ozone diminutions from NOx (NO + NO2) in the exhaust plume of SST engines. The paper discusses the validity of an algorithmic approach to integration of rate chemistry problems in combustion, developed by Rubel and Baronti for an approximate calculation of the production rate of the i-th chemical species involved. An analysis of two projected SST engines confirms the validity of the proposed algorithm. Because of the relative arithmetical simplicity, it may be easier to treat diffusion rate chemistry calculations using the Rubel and Baronti approximation than would be possible by other approaches.
    Keywords: INORGANIC AND PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
    Type: AIAA Journal; 14; July 197
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  • 7
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    A computationally fast one-dimensional diffusion-photochemistry model of SST wakes (1977)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: A computational technique applicable to analysis of supersonic transport (SST) wake photochemistry and diffusion is presented. Sensitivity studies of SST effluent effects upon ozone depletion are facilitated by the computational rapidity of the method. The article compares results from other studies and predictions of some variables related to global NOx input. Results indicate that the NO/NO2 ratio in an SST wake at photochemical equilibrium is a sensitive function of photolysis rates.
    Keywords: AIRCRAFT PROPULSION AND POWER
    Type: AIAA Journal; 15; Aug. 197
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  • 8
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    The Interstellar Probe (ISP): Pre-Perihelion Trajectories and Application of Holography (2002)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-18
    Description: Between February and September 2001, a number of aspects of the solar-sail-launched Interstellar probe (ISP), which is under consideration by NASA for launch in the 2010-2015 timeframe, were researched. The effort was conducted in New York City (NYC) February-May, at Marshall Space Flight Center (MSFC) May-July (when the PI served as a NASA Summer 2001 Faculty Fellow), and in NYC August-September. In addition to the people listed on the title sheet, many people in NYC and at MSFC participated in this research.
    Keywords: Space Transportation and Safety
    Type: NASA/CR-2002-211730 , NAS 1.26:211730 , M-1046
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  • 9
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    Use of the moon and the large space telescope as an extrasolar planet detection system (1974)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-07-13
    Description: Roman (1959), Spitzer (1962), and Huang (1973) have discussed photometric detection of extrasolar planets using a 3-m space telescope such as the Large Space Telescope (LST). A space telescope could be an extrasolar planet detection system if used in conjunction with an occulter placed 10,000 km in front of the telescope. The occulter would reduce the amount of light received from the star under observation. For a semi-infinite plane occulter 10,000 km in front of the telescope, Spitzer and Huang's results indicate that a Jupiter-like planet would be observed with a signal/noise of 1.00, for observations at 0.4 micron using a 3-m telescope like the LST.
    Keywords: SPACE SCIENCES
    Type: Spring Meeting; Apr 21, 1974 - Apr 25, 1974; Washington, DC
    Format: text
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  • 10
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    Feasibility of an orbital simulator of stratospheric photochemistry (1978)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2019-06-27
    Description: It is proposed that a stratospheric photochemistry simulator could be created in sun-synchronous orbit, so that diffusion and photochemistry could be decoupled and uncertainties in photochemical reaction rates could be substantially reduced. The proposed test chamber is described, and it is suggested that the technology of superpressure balloons seems to be the best short-term solution to the construction of the proposed facility. Both unreinforced polyester films and gelatin films are considered as candidate chamber coatings. It is noted that the experiments can be performed early in the space-manufacturing era and that at least three dedicated Shuttle launches will be required to establish the proposed facility.
    Keywords: LAUNCH VEHICLES AND SPACE VEHICLES
    Type: Acta Astronautica; 5; July-Aug
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