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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 444 (2006), S. 933-936 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The symbiotic relationships between mycorrhizal fungi and plants have an enormous impact on terrestrial ecosystems. Most common are the arbuscular mycorrhizas, formed by fungi belonging to the phylum Glomeromycota. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi facilitate the uptake of soil nutrients by plants ...
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 522-528 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: convection ; heat transfer ; adiabatic shell ; critical Rayleigh number ; experimental model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Übersicht Für die freie Konvektion in den Rohren eines senkrechten Rohrbündels wurde kürzlich eine sehr einfache analytische Lösung mitgeteilt [1]. Zur Überprüfung der Ergebnisse sind inzwischen Versuche an einer kleinen Laborapparatur mit zwei und mit drei parallelen senkrechten Rohren durchgeführt worden. Numerische Berechnungen, die gleichzeitig von Merker für Bündel paralleler Spalte mit adiabater Wand ausgeführt wurden, bestätigen die Ergebnisse der einfachen Theorie. In der Laborapparatur ließ sich aber die im analytischen Modell zunächst gewählte Randbedingung “adiabate Rohrwand” nicht realisieren. Daher wurde der Wärmetransport über die Rohrwand an die umgebende, in einer “adiabaten Hülle” eingeschlossene Luft näherungsweise mit einem konstanten Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten berücksichtigt. Auch dafür läßt sich noch eine geschlossene analytische Lösung angeben. Die kritische Rayleighzahl wächst danach mit zunehmendem Wärmetransport durch die Rohrwände. Unsere Meßergebnisse bestätigen diese erweiterte Theorie.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 65 (1995), S. 522-528 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Keywords: Key words convection ; heat transfer ; adiabatic shell ; critical Rayleigh number ; experimental model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Übersicht  Für die freie Konvektion in den Rohren eines senkrechten Rohrbündels wurde kürzlich eine sehr einfache analytische Lösung mitgeteilt [1]. Zur Überprüfung der Ergebnisse sind inzwischen Versuche an einer kleinen Laborapparatur mit zwei und mit drei parallelen senkrechten Rohren durchgeführt worden. Numerische Berechnungen, die gleichzeitig von Merker für Bündel paralleler Spalte mit adiabater Wand ausgeführt wurden, bestätigen die Ergebnisse der einfachen Theorie. In der Laborapparatur ließ sich aber die im analytischen Modell zunächst gewählte Randbedingung “ladiabate Rohrwand” nicht realisieren. Daher wurde der Wärmetransport über die Rohrwand an die umgebende, in einer “adiabaten Hülle” eingeschlossene Luft näherungsweise mit einem konstanten Wärmedurchgangskoeffizienten berücksichtigt. Auch dafür läßt sich noch eine geschlossene analytische Lösung angeben. Die kritische Rayleighzahl wächst danach mit zunehmendem Wärmetransport durch die Rohrwände. Unsere Meßergebnisse bestätigen diese erweiterte Theorie.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Archive of applied mechanics 62 (1992), S. 565-570 
    ISSN: 1432-0681
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Summary Natural convection in a bundle of vertical tubes, connecting to containers, is analyzed for the case, that the fluid is heated in the lower container, and cooled in the upper one. The tube walls are regarded to be either adiabatic, or to consist of a well-conducting material. The strikingly simple analytic solutions might be useful for better understanding the mechanism of Rayleigh-Bénard flows.
    Notes: Übersicht Freie Konvektion in einem senkrechten Rohrbündel, das zwei Behälter miteinander verbindet, wird für den Fall analysiert daß das fluid im unteren Behälter beheizt, im oberen gekühlt wird. Die Rohrwände werden entweder als adiabatisch, oder als aus gutleitendem Material bestehend betrachtet. Die überraschend einfachen analytischen Lösungen könnten für das bessere Verständnis des Mechanismus der Rayleigh-Bénard-Strömungen nützlich sein.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 52 (1980), S. 199-209 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat and mass transfer in fluidized beds. Methods of calculation are presented which enable reasonably accurate prediction of heat and mass transfer coefficients in fluidized beds. Some well established equations already given in the literature could be used for estimating the range of existence of the fluidized bed and for calculating maximum fluidization velocities, bed expansion, and particle-to-fluid heat and mass transfer. However, a new model had to be developed for the wall-to-bed heat transfer from solid surfaces immersed in fluidized beds. This model makes use of some basic ideas adopted from the kinetic theory of gases in order to describe the mechanism of energy transfer through the moving particles. Predictions with this new model are in good agreement with most of the experimental observations, particularly regarding the effects of particle diameter, temperature, pressure, physical properties of gas and particles, and gas velocity.
    Additional Material: 16 Ill.
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0930-7516
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The well-known formulae for efficiency and mean temperature difference of a heat exchanger as functions of its numbers of transfer units, or dimensionless lengths, can be written in a more compact form by introducing the auxiliary function ϕ(x) = x/(1 - e-x). The resulting new formulae show a number of advantages: They are shorter, easier to memorize, and in many cases the limiting values can be seen more directly. They may therefore contribute to easier and faster heat exchanger design, and to reduced probability of errors in the relevant calculations.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Heat Transport to the Wall of Packed Tubes. Radial conduction of heat in packed tubes has a crucial influence on yield and selectivity of many heterogeneously catalyzed reactions. In spite of many years of intensive research in the field, there are still tremendous discrepancies between correlations of different origin. Even the standard model using two constant heat transport parameters, which was introduced in the fifties and has since become most widely accepted, has been controversially discussed and called into question. The unsatisfactory state of the art has been an incentive for several groups of researchers to take up this old topic once again. Three parallel experimental investigations on heat transport with air flowing in packed tubes of similar dimensions, electrically heated, steam-heated, or water-cooled, were completed in 1991. Comparative evaluation of the results of these three investigations, together with other data from the relevant literature, now provides the first clear answers to some of the questions so controversially discussed in the past.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
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