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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sedimentological responses to basin initiation in the Devonian of East Greenland (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Sedimentology 44 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3091
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Devonian of East Greenland comprises a thick sequence of continental clastic sediments infilling an extensional basin. West of the main basin bounding fault (Western Fault Zone) are scattered outliers of Devonian conglomerate which accumulated in small basins such as found on the island, Ella Ø. The Ella Ø Basin formed by extensional movement along the Narhval Sund Fault accompanied by the formation of a prominent bedding parallel detachment surface which was subsequently modified by sub-aerial exposure to become the unconformity surface. Mapping of this unconformity surface shows major vertical relief. A thick sequence of conglomerate occurs on Ella Ø, which, close to its exposed basal unconformity, has three lacustrine beds intercalated within it. Detailed analysis of one lake unit shows it to have significant lateral variation. At proximal localities it largely comprises lacustrine turbidites, whereas more distal locations were within a stratified lake. The interpreted sequence of events on Ella Ø is an interval of fluvial sedimentation followed by rapid drowning of the topography with lacustrine sediments onlapping onto basement. After an interval of deeper lacustrine sedimentation including laminites, the lake shallowed, the lithology changed to limestone and the lake dried out. Conglomerate deposition then recommenced. Maximum lake water depth of 100 m is estimated following correction (7°) for post-Devonian rotation, both determined using the distribution of lacustrine sediments on the unconformity surface. The preferred mechanism for flooding of the Ella Ø Basin is episodic flooding of the entire basin system. Lacustrine sediment preservation results purely from its deposition amongst topography at the edge of the active fluvial system. In such fluvial systems lacustrine sediments may be part of the normal sedimentary cycle but were almost always removed by reworking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3091.1997.d01-29.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pre-Rhaetic therian mammals (1985)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 318 (1985), S. 81-82 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] FRASER, Walkden and Stewart1 have recently announced the discovery of fossil mammal teeth in a terrestrial fissure deposit at Ernborough in the Mendip Hiljs (Somerset, UK). It has been dated by them as 'pre-Rhaetic' following Robinson2 who, in the then absence of direct palaeonto-logical dating, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/318081c0
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  • 3
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    Recognizing the Kacak Event in the Devonian terrestrial environment and its implications for understanding land sea interactions (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 278: 133-155.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-11-21
    Description: The Ka[c]ak Event is a late Eifelian (Mid-Devonian) episode of marine dysoxia/anoxia with associated extinctions. It has been widely recognized in the shelf seas that surrounded the Old Red Sandstone continent. It was contemporary with the lacustrine Orcadian Basin in Scotland. This basin contains the distinctive Achanarras lake horizon that contains a rich and diverse fish fauna. The Achanarras lake was wide and deep and would have been filled by rainfall from a monsoon system at an insolation maximum. Faunal elements within the lake are in common with the Kernav[e] Member in Estonia and this level can be conodont dated as late Eifelian eiflius or ensensis Zone. Therefore the group of lacustrine flooding climatic events that occur at and above the Achanarras level can be correlated with the marine Ka[c]ak Event (sensu lato) and both can be regarded as having a common climatic cause and driven by an insolation maximum. A reconstruction of the Orcadian Basin drainage system and a water balance model based on the calcium flux within the lake shows that a very significant volume of water would have been seasonally discharged to the Rheic Ocean and would have caused an additional environmental effect.
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  • 4
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    Arthur Raistrick: Britain's premier palynologist (2007)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 241: 161-179.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2007-10-08
    Description: Arthur Raistrick was a dedicated socialist and pacifist. Following imprisonment as a conscientious objector in World War I, he changed direction from engineering to applied geology. He spent the 1920s largely self-employed and working on geological problems in coal mines, but researching on Quaternary geology and archaeology. Following appointment to Newcastle University, he undertook pioneering work on the pollen analysis of peat. He then used this knowledge to successfully correlate Carboniferous coal seams using quantitative spore profiles. To achieve this, he experimented extensively on spore extraction from coals and devised a spore classification system. Raistrick made rapid progress on applying microspores for seam correlation and established an extensive database that proved that the same seam had a very similar spore content, but different seams had different spore contents. Ultimately, his prodigious output led to overwork and severe eye strain. He then completely stopped palynological studies to concentrate on industrial history and archaeology, to which he also made a seminal and lasting contribution. Raistrick's methods for coal seam correlation were widely adopted by many coal laboratories both in the UK and overseas, and formed the starting point for the modern development of the subject. ... This 250-word extract was created in the absence of an abstract.
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  • 5
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    The sedimentary environment of the Late Devonian East Greenland tetrapods (2010)
    In:  Geological Society Special Publication 339: 93-109.
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-09-09
    Description: The Late Devonian early tetrapods in East Greenland occur in the Celsius Bjerg Group. Key occurrences are located in a detailed stratigraphic section used here to interpret the sedimentary palaeoenvironments. The palaeoenvironment for the Britta Dal Formation (which contains both Ichthyostega and Acanthostega) is reinterpreted. The Britta Dal Formation channels have flat bases, are poorly channelized, are of low sinuosity and are part of a very major distributory system that periodically experienced extreme flooding. The tetrapod fossils were recovered from an ephemeral system that was not permanently habitable in the immediate area. Plant megafossils are poorly preserved casts and impressions dominated by lycopsids and fern-like plants. The overbank siltstones are dominated by arid soil forming processes and comprise a spectacular sequence of vertisols. The 1174 m in situ Ichthyostega locality in Paralleldal was relocated and occurs just below the midpoint of the second megacycle in the Britta Dal Formation.
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  • 6
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    Earliest Carboniferous tetrapod and arthropod faunas from Scotland populate Romer's Gap (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-05
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 7
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    Palynological calibration of Devonian events at near-polar palaeolatitudes in the Falkland Islands, South Atlantic (2016)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-09
    Description: In the Devonian, the Falkland Islands were part of the high-latitude Cape Basin. West Falkland palynological assemblages are at a low thermal maturity level but also very low in diversity and dominated by simple spores with rare chitinozoans and acritarchs. The South Harbour Member contains rare verrucate and sculptured trilete spores, and is early Lochkovian. The Fish Creek Member palynofloras are late Lochkovian. The best correlative datum is the transgressive Fox Bay Formation where the palynological assemblage includes Ramochitina magnifica and is equivalent to the Sequence B transgression in Brazil (dated as late Pragian–earliest Emsian). The early Eifelian upper Fox Bay Formation spore assemblage is comparable to the Sequence C transgression in Brazil and the ?Choteč Event. The facies and position of the base Port Philomel Formation prasinophyte-rich black shale suggests the late Eifelian transgression (Kačák Event). Above this level is the inception of Geminospora lemurata (base Givetian). The upper Port Stanley Formation contains a late (but not latest) Famennian assemblage. Comparisons with both South Africa and South America indicate a number of correlative transgressive and regressive events that match to Euramerica. These correlations are at a continental scale and confirm eustatic control of these Devonian events.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 8
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    Early Cretaceous palynostratigraphy of the Abu Tunis 1x borehole, northern Western Desert, Egypt, with emphasis on the possible palaeoclimatic effect upon the range of Dicheiropollis etruscus in North Africa (2016)
    American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists (AASP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-03
    Description: Recent hydrocarbon exploration in the northern sector of the Western Desert in Egypt has revealed relatively rich hydrocarbon accumulations, mainly of gas, and demonstrate promising future prospects. In order to improve our understanding of this area and to provide a biostratigraphical framework for the hitherto poorly dated Lower Cretaceous successions, a palynological analysis was carried out on 57 ditch cutting samples from the Abu Tunis 1x borehole. Palynostratigraphic investigation on these samples has enabled the identification of three new palynostratigraphically defined age divisions with three corresponding palynozones defined by first uphole occurrences of gymnosperm and angiosperm pollen and dinoflagellate cysts. Spore and pollen grains recovered from the Abu Tunis 1x borehole show the characteristics of the pre-Albian Dicheiropollis / Afropollis Phytogeographical Province. Discrepancies in the reported range of Dicheiropollis etruscus , when compared with earlier (Berriasian) appearances in West Africa and later (late Hauterivian) appearances in East Africa, may be attributed to palaeoecological factors. Dicheiropollis etruscus is accepted as having a cheirolepidiacean conifer affinity and is regarded as having been produced by a thermophilous plant. Here, we suggest that Dicheiropollis etruscus was adapted to arid conditions. Dicheiropollis etruscus thus first appeared in hot, dry palaeo-subtropical African regions, but as Western Gondwana broke up and the African Plate moved northeast during/after the Late Jurassic, the region that is now present-day Egypt, Libya and Sudan had moved by the late Hauterivian into a subtropical position; the ensuing increased aridity thus allowed Dicheiropollis etruscus to migrate into these areas.
    Print ISSN: 0191-6122
    Electronic ISSN: 1558-9188
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by American Association of Stratigraphic Palynologists (AASP)
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  • 9
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    Geochemical and mineralogical properties of the Lower Callovian (Jurassic) Kellaways Sand, variations in trace element concentrations and implications for hydrogeological risk assessment (2012)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-02-01
    Description: This paper provides details of the trace element and total organic carbon (TOC) content of the Lower Callovian Kellaways Sand. Heavy metals are associated with mineral phases such as pyrite, iron and manganese oxyhydroxides, organic matter and clay minerals, and correlations are varied. Using a multi-disciplinary approach and geochemical comparisons it has been shown that the Kellaways Sand is particularly enriched in Cr. Cr concentration data suggest two separate components, one bound with Ni and MnO, and the other occurring as an accessory resistate phase Fe–Ti–Cr oxide (ulvöspinel) with up to 4.7 wt% Cr2O3. The closest correlations between matrices are Zn and Ni with Fe2O3; V, Ni, Rb and Ga with MnO, MgO and K2O; Ni and MnO with TOC; and Cd with Zn. Average concentrations for trace elements and TOC are generally enriched in both the Oxford and Kellaways clays. Variable concentrations of SO4 in associated groundwaters indicate that oxidation of FeS2 influences the ranges and concentrations of trace elements observed through Eh and pH controlled adsorption or desorption reactions. The natural and variable concentrations of the metals that also occur in associated groundwaters (including Hg, Cd, Ni, As and Pb) have important implications for the associated, risk-based hydrogeological assessments completed for landfill sites contained within the Oxford Clay, and affect the choice of priority determinants significantly for the monitoring control and trigger levels.
    Print ISSN: 1470-9236
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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  • 10
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    Earliest Carboniferous tetrapod and arthropod faunas from Scotland populate Romer's Gap [Earth, Atmospheric, and Planetary Sciences] (2012)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-03-21
    Description: Devonian tetrapods (limbed vertebrates), known from an increasingly large number of localities, have been shown to be mainly aquatic with many primitive features. In contrast, the post-Devonian record is marked by an Early Mississippian temporal gap ranging from the earliest Carboniferous (Tournaisian and early Viséan) to the mid-Viséan. By the mid-Viséan, tetrapods had become effectively terrestrial as attested by the presence of stem amniotes, developed an essentially modern aspect, and given rise to the crown group. Up to now, only two localities have yielded tetrapod specimens from the Tournaisian stage: one in Scotland with a single articulated skeleton and one in Nova Scotia with isolated bones, many of uncertain identity. We announce a series of discoveries of Tournaisian-age localities in Scotland that have yielded a wealth of new tetrapod and arthropod fossils. These include both terrestrial and aquatic forms and new taxa. We conclude that the gap in the fossil record has been an artifact of collection failure.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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