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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CALMODULIN-ACTIVATED PLANT MICROSOMAL Ca2+ UPTAKE AND PURIFICATION OF PLANT NAD KINASE AND OTHER PROTEINS BY CALMODULIN-SEPHAROSE CHROMATOGRAPHY (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 356 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1980.tb29632.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein kinase C α activates RAF-1 by direct phosphorylation (1993)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 364 (1993), S. 249-252 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Raf-1 was immunoprecipitated from orthophosphate-labelled NIH3T3 cells and PKCa transfectants, which overexpress the enzyme fourfold (Fig. \A). In starved NIH cells, Raf-1 and a coprecipitating protein of Mr 120K (ref. 9) showed a low basal phosphorylation level. In contrast, Raf-1 and pi20 ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/364249a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Active interaction of human A375 melanoma cells with the lymphatics in vivo (2000)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 114 (2000), S. 373-385 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Keywords: Lymphangiogenesis Tumor Chorioallantoic membrane VEGF-C Prox 1 Lymphatic invasion Avian embryo
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We have used the avian chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) to study the interaction of tumor cells with the lymphatics in vivo. The vascular endothelial growth factor-C (VEGF-C) has been shown to be lymphangiogenic. We have therefore grown VEGF-C-expressing human A375 melanoma cells on the CAM. These tumors induced numerous lymphatics at the invasive front, and compressed or destroyed VEGF receptor (R)-3-positive lymphatics were observed within the solid tumors. The lymphatics in the CAM and in the A375 melanomas could also be demonstrated with an antibody against Prox 1, a highly specific marker of lymphatic endothelial cells. Proliferation studies revealed a BrdU labeling index of 11.6% of the lymphatic endothelial cells in the tumors and at their margins. A great number of melanoma cells invaded the lymphatics. Such interactions were not observed with VEGF-C-negative Malme 3 M melanoma cells. Lymphangiogenesis was inhibited to some extent when A375 melanoma cells were transfected with cDNA encoding soluble VEGFR-3 (sflt4), and the BrdU labeling index of the lymphatics in these tumors was 3.9%. Invasion of lymphatics and growth of blood vascular capillaries were not inhibited by the transfection. Therefore, tumor-induced lymphangiogenesis seems to be dependent to some extent on VEGF-C/flt4 interactions, but invasion of lymphatics seems to be a distinct mechanism.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004180000204
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anti-microtubular herbicides and fungicides affect Ca2+ transport in plant mitochondria (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 149 (1980), S. 336-340 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Ca2+ transport ; Fungicides ; Herbicides ; Microtubules ; Mitochondria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The herbicides amiprophosmethyl (APM) trifluralin, and oryzalin as well as the fungicides methylbenzimidazolyl carbamate (MBC), O-isopropyl N-phenyl carbamate (IPC), and chlorisopropyl N-phenyl carbamate (CIPC), which are known to cause the destruction of microtubules in vivo but do not interfere with tubulin polymerization in vitro, have been examined with respect to their ability to affect Ca2+ transport in isolated cell organelles. In contrast to colchicine which has no effect on Ca2+ transport in isolated mitochondrial and microsomal fractions, all of the substances investigated caused considerable reduction of ca2+ net uptake into mitochondrial but not into microsomal fractions. This reduction has been shown to be due to an increase in passive Ca2+ efflux. These results have been extrapolated to in vivo situations where they are postulated to act by raising cytoplasmic Ca2+ levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00571167
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calmodulin-dependent and independent NAD kinase activities from cytoplasmic and chloroplastic fractions of spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.) (1982)
    Springer
    Plant cell reports 1 (1982), S. 119-122 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-203X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract NAD kinase activity has been found in a soluble, cytoplasmic fraction and in the chloroplasts prepared from green spinach leaves. A small amount of both the cytoplasmic and the chloroplastic NAD kinase activities was retained on a calmodulin-Sepharose affinity column. The cytoplasmic NAD kinase eluted from the affinity column was found to be enhanced by calmodulin in a Ca2+-dependent manner. The chloroplastic enzyme which is located exclusively in the stroma and not in the envelope and thylakoid fractions was not affected by Ca2+ and calmodulin. The stromal fraction of purified chloroplasts contained only a negligible amount of calmodulin, most probably due to cytoplasmic contamination. Based on these data, two different mechanisms for the light-dependent modulation of spinach NAD kinase activity are suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00272368
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of calmodulin in the green alga Mougeotia and its possible function in chloroplast reorientational movement (1984)
    Springer
    Planta 162 (1984), S. 62-67 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium (chloroplast movement) ; Calmodulin (chloroplast movement) ; Chloroplast movement (Mougeotia) ; Mougeotia ; Phytochrome
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract A soluble protein was isolated from Mougeotia by chloropromazine-sepharose 4 B affinity chromatography. The protein matches the properties of calmodulin in terms of heat stability, Ca2+-dependent electrophoretic mobility in sodium-dodecyl-sulfate polyacrylamide gels, and its ability to activate cyclic nucleotide phosphodiesterase in a Ca2+-dependent manner. Phytochrome-mediated chloroplast reorientational movement in Mougeotia was inhibited by the calmodulin antagonist trifluoperazine, a hydrophobic compound, or N-(6-aminohexyl)-5-chloro-1-naphthalenesulfonamide (W-7), a hydrophilic compound; 50% inhibition (IC50) of chloroplast movement is caused by 20–50 μmol l-1 trifluoperazine or 100 μmol l-1 W-7. The Ca2+-calmodulin may act as an intermediate in the chloroplast reorientational response in Mougeotia governed by phytochrome.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397422
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of calmodulin and far-red light on the kinetic properties of the mitochondrial and microsomal calcium-ion transport system from corn (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 159 (1983), S. 277-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium uptake ; Calmodulin ; Light, far-red ; Microsome ; Mitochondrion ; Zea (calcium transport)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The kinetic properties of active Ca2+ transport into mitochondria and microsomal membrane vesicles prepared from coleoptiles of dark-and light-grown corn seedlings have been studied. The apparent values for K m and V max for Ca2+ of the mitochondrial transport system from dark-grown plants are about one order of magnitude higher than those from the microsomal transport system. Calmodulin has no effect on the Ca2+ accumulation into mitochondria whereas the apparent maximum transport velocity and affinity for Ca2+ of the microsomal Ca2+-transport system are both increased by calmodulin. When intact corn seedlings are irradiated with far-red light, the calmodulin-induced increase of the apparent maximum transport velocity and affinity for Ca2+ can no longer be observed. From these data it can be concluded that the low cytoplasmic Ca2+ concentration in the cytoplasm of coleoptile cells from dark-grown corn is maintained by a calmodulin-regulated Ca2+ pump. Irradiation with photomorphogenically active far-red light lowers the Ca2+-transport activity and thus causes an increase of the cytoplasmic, free-Ca2+ concentration. The physiological implications will be discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397536
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ca2+ transport in mitochondrial and microsomal fractions from higher plants (1980)
    Springer
    Planta 150 (1980), S. 1-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium uptake ; Microsomes ; Mitochondria ; Transport (Ca2+) ; Zea
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondria from etiolated corn possess a much greater Ca2+ uptake capacity per mg protein than microsomes from the same source. Differences in energy requirements, sensitivity to specific inhibitors, and sedimentation properties enabled us to study both Ca2+ uptake mechanisms without mutual contamination. The microsomal Ca2+ uptake does not vary much among different plants as compared to the mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake; this is also true for different organs of the same plant. Mitochondrial Ca2+ uptake is more dependent on the age of the seedlings than microsomal uptake, because of changes in active Ca2+ uptake activity rather than of changes in efflux. Intactness and the oxidative and phosphorylative properties of the mitochondria remained unchanged during this time period. Na+ and Mg2+ do not induce Ca2+ release from mitochondria.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00385606
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein phosphorylation and its regulation by calcium and calmodulin in membrane fractions from zucchini hypocotyls (1983)
    Springer
    Planta 158 (1983), S. 560-568 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2048
    Keywords: Calcium and protein phosphorylation ; Calmodulin ; Cucurbita ; Cyclic AMP ; Protein phosphorylation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Protein-kinase activity has been found to be associated with a membrane fraction obtained from dark-grown zucchini (Cucurbita pepo L., cv. Senator) hypocotyl hooks. Proteins of this membrane fraction were used as protein substrates. The effects of Mg2+, Na+ and K+ on phosphorylation, measured as 32P incorporation, was investigated. The kinetics of phosphorylation of the individual protein peptides indicate the presence of specific phosphatase activity. Phosphorylation activity is strongly influenced by Ca2+. One peptide (relative molecular weight: 180,000) exhibits strong inhibition of 32P incorporation at physiological Ca2+ concentrations between 0.1 and 1 μM. Phosphorylation of about 10 other proteins was enhanced by Ca2+, being maximal in most cases at a concentration of about 3 μM free Ca2+. Five out of these 10 peptides show increased phosphorylation in the presence of 1 μM calmodulin. This calmodulin-dependent enhancement of phosphorylation could be completely inhibited by the calmodulin antagonist fluphenazine. Cyclic AMP was found to have no stimulating effect on protein phosphorylation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00397247
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium (1985)
    Springer
    Naturwissenschaften 72 (1985), S. 113-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1904
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00490392
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