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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 238 (1974), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 228 (1970), S. 473-474 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] For ordinary piezoelectric materials and for small isolated bone samples, the magnitude and sign of the charges that will appear on application of a load can be predicted. Such calculations, however, are not possible for larger bone samples, including whole bones, because of the variable ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 226 (1970), S. 652-653 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In the technique used, the essentially diamagnetic substances to be studied are labelled with an inorganic paramagnetic ion. The ion is detected by electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), and from an analysis of the shape of the signal the crystal field symmetry, if any, at the ion site is inferred. ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 253 (1975), S. 627-628 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We used femurs and Achilles tendons of cows, aged 3 to 4 yr when slaughtered. Samples approximately 10x5x3 mm, orientated to display the piezoelectric coefficient d14, were prepared and measured by the converse effect. Measurements on dry bone and tendon were made at 24 C after drying the samples ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 14 (1974), S. 327-331 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Bone ; Piezoelectricity ; Collagen ; Aging
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The piezoelectric constant of mature and immature bone (defined herein) has been measured in an effort to determine whether it varies with age. It was found that the average value of the piezoelectric constantd 14 of femur from three week old calves was 58% of the value of femur from three year old bulls. The results were interpreted to indicate qualitative differences in the corresponding collagen matrices. Mature human tibia from males ranging in age from 21 to 53 years of age showed a small but significant increase ind 14 with age. Some data concerning diseased human bone, and well-preserved human bone excavated in Peru are also presented.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 4 (1969), S. 330-338 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Collagen ; Electric current ; Electrolysis ; Precipitation ; Bone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'effet du courant électrique sur la collagène soluble, en solution dans l'acide acétique dilué, a été étudié pour des voltages, variant de O à 25 volts. Au-dessus de 2,6 volts, la vormation des bandes collagéniques (définies dans ce travail) parait inversement proportionelle, dans le temps, au voltage appliqué. La formation des bandes parait liée au processus d'électrolyse. Les auteurs démontrent que les pH élevés se situent au niveau de la cathode et qu'ils sont suffisants pour induire une précipitation du collagène. Les résultats antérieurs, publiés dans la littérature, décrivant l'action de courant électrique implanté, sont interpretés en fonction du mécanisme étudié au cours de ce travail.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung Die Wirkung eines elektrischen Stromes auf verdünnte essigsaure Lösungen von löslichem Kollagen wurde bei Spannungen zwischen O und 25 Volt untersucht. Über 2,6 Volt wurde die Bildung von Kollagenbanden (in der Arbeit näher beschrieben) beobachtet, und zwar nach Zeiten, die der angewandten Spannung entgegengesetzt proportional verliefen. Die Bandenbildung wird dem Elektrolyseprozeß zugeschrieben. Wir konnten zeigen, daß sich die hohen pH-Werte rund um die Kathode entwickelten und daß diese genügen, um die Kollagenfällung zu veranlassen. Die Natur dieses Vorganges ist solcher Art, daß erin vivo als Antwort auf durch Stress verursachte Biopotentiale nicht vorkommen kann. Der hier beschriebene Mechanismus erlaubt es, Literaturangaben über den Effekt von implantierten Spannungsquellen zu interpretieren.
    Notes: Abstract The effect of electric current on dilute acetic acid solutions of soluble collagen has been studied for impressed voltages of from 0 to 25 volts. Above 2.6 volts the formation of collagen bands (herein defined) were observed at times inversely proportional to the applied voltage. Band formation is attributed to the process of electrolysis. It has been shown that the high pH values are generated in the area of the cathode, and that they are sufficient to induce collagen to precipitate. The nature of the process is such that it cannot occurin vivo as a response to stress induced biopotentials. Reports in the literature describing the effect of implanted voltage sources are interpreted in terms of the mechanism described here.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 210 (1966), S. 583-588 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A PRELIMINARY paper reported the detection of electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) signals in non-irradiated human and amphibian bone1. Whole cortical bone was used in that investigation and the signals were described as multiple and anisotropic. The study was undertaken to obtain evidence to ...
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 218 (1968), S. 466-467 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The origin and general preparation of both powdered and whole bone samples were as previously described1,3. Whole bone samples were 2 x 2 x 20 mm, and had a final weight of about 200 mg. The final weight of bone powder samples was 100 mg. The EPR spectrum obtained from bone powder at room ...
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 221 (1969), S. 661-661 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Table 1. IRON GROUP ELEMENTS FOUND IN THE BONE MINERAL USED IN THIS : STUDY AS DETERMINED BY EMISSION SPECTROSCOPY Element Concentration Titanium KD. (50) Vanadium 3-0 Chromium N.D. (0-5) .: Manganese N.D. (0-5) Iron 2-0 Cobalt N.D. (0-5) Mckel K.D. (0-5) Copper ...
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 31 (1980), S. 257-259 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Piezoelectricity ; Collagen
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Tissue collagen exhibits several levels of structural organization, and this complicates efforts to determine the origin of its piezoelectricity. We made collagen films—by evaporation and electrodeposition from solution—and examined the relation between collagen's piezoelectricity and its electron microscopic appearance. We found that the electrodeposited films were more organized and exhibited higher piezoelectric coefficients than the evaporated films. Despite this, the evaporated films were piezoelectric, thereby suggesting that the effect originates either at the level of the tropocollagen molecule or, at most, with aggregated structures no larger than 50 Å in diameter.
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