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  • 1
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    Alternative Approach to Current EU BAT Recommendation for Coal-Fired Power Plant Flue Gas Desulfurization Wastewater Treatment (2018)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2018-11-19
    Description: Fossil fuel combustion is a serious environmental problem. Significant quantities of flue gasses and wastewater, requiring further treatment, are produced. This article compares three wet flue gas desulfurization (FGD) wastewater treatment methods: coagulation with precipitation using iron(III) ions—recommended by the European Union as the best available technique (BAT)—and two alternative advanced oxidation processes (Fe2+/H2O2 and Fe0/H2O2). Both oxidation processes that were used met the technical FGD wastewater treatment requirements of the BAT. The best treatment effects, expressed as pollutants’ removal, were obtained for the Fe2+/H2O2 process for 150/300 mg/L reagent doses. It allows effective removal of boron up to 212 mg/L and heavy metals up to below the detection limit
    Electronic ISSN: 2227-9717
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 2
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    Magnetite and Hematite in Advanced Oxidation Processes Application for Cosmetic Wastewater Treatment (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-10-23
    Description: Wastewater from a cosmetic factory, with an initial total organic carbon (TOC) of 146.4 mg/L, was treated with Fe2O3/Fe0/H2O2, Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2, light/Fe2O3/Fe0/H2O2, and light/Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2 processes. The light-supported processes were more effective than the lightless processes. The fastest TOC removal was observed during the first 15 min of the process. Out of the four tested kinetic models, the best fit was obtained for the modified second-order reaction with respect to the TOC value. The best treatment efficiency was obtained for the light/Fe3O4/Fe0/H2O2 process with 250/750 mg/L Fe3O4/Fe0 reagent doses, a 1:1 hydrogen peroxide to Chemical Oxygen Demand (H2O2/COD) mass ratio, and a 120 min process time. These conditions allowed 75.7% TOC removal to a final TOC of 35.52 mg/L and 90.5% total nitrogen removal to a final content of 4.9 mg/L. The five-day Biochemical Oxygen Demand to Chemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5/COD) ratio was increased slightly from 0.124 to 0.161. Application of Head Space Solid-Phase Microextraction Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS) analysis allows for the detection and identification of 23 compounds contained in the raw wastewater. The identified compounds were eliminated during the applied process. The HS-SPME-GC-MS results confirmed the high efficiency of the treatment processes.
    Electronic ISSN: 2227-9717
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 3
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    Cosmetic wastewater treatment using dissolved air flotation (2017)
    De Gruyter
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    Publication Date: 2017-06-27
    Description: Five cosmetics wastewater samples were treated by Dissolved Air Flotation (DAF) assisted by coagulation. Different aluminum based coagulants were used: (Al2(SO4)3, Al 1019, Al 3010, Al 3030, Al 3035, PAX 16 and PAX 19). The raw wastewater COD values were in the range 285-2124 mg/l. The efficiency of DAF depended on different coagulants and production profi le of factory. COD removal was varied from 11.1 to 77.7%. The efficiency of coagulants was similar during treatment of particular sample. The best results were obtained with Al2(SO4)3 and for sample 5 - lotions and shampoos production. The wastewater from UV fi lter creams production (sample 4) was resistant to treatment by DAF regardless of used coagulant. HS-SPME-GC-MS analysis can be a confirmation of DAF effectiveness
    Print ISSN: 2083-4772
    Electronic ISSN: 2083-4810
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by De Gruyter
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  • 4
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    Treatment of Landfill Leachates with Combined Acidification/Coagulation and The Fe0/H2O2 Process (2019)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2019-01-23
    Description: One of the major environmental concerns associated with waste disposal is the large amount of generated landfill leachates (LL), which are considered a type of wastewater with a complex composition. There is an urgent need to find an effective LL treatment method. LL were subjected to pretreatment followed by the Fe0/H2O2 process. Pretreatment efficiency was coagulation at pH 6.0 〉〉 coagulation at pH 9.0 〉 acidification at pH 3.0. Coagulation at pH 6.0 in an optimal Fe3+ dose of 1000 mg/L decreased total organic carbon (TOC) from the initial concentration of 1061 mg/L to 491 mg/L while acidification to pH 3.0 decreased TOC to 824 mg/L. After acidification, the Fe0/H2O2 process with 8000/9200 mg/L Fe0/H2O2 reagent doses decreased TOC to 499 mg/L after a processing time of 60 min. Performance of the Fe0/H2O2 process after coagulation at pH 6.0 for optimal Fe0/H2O2 8000/5540 mg/L reagent doses decreased TOC to 268 mg/L (75% TOC removal). Treatment of landfill leachates with combined process coagulation and Fe0/H2O2 also increased their susceptibility to biodegradation, expressed as the biochemical oxygen demand/chemical oxygen demand (BOD5/COD) ratio from 0.13 to 0.43, allowing LL to be considered as susceptible to biodegradation. Fe0/H2O2 process kinetics was described. A statistical analysis confirmed the obtained results. The proposed method can be successfully applied for LL treatment.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4441
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 5
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    Cosmetic wastewater treatment with combined light/Fe0/H2O2 process coupled with activated sludge (2019)
    Elsevier
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    Publication Date: 2019-10-01
    Print ISSN: 0304-3894
    Electronic ISSN: 1873-3336
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Technology
    Published by Elsevier
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  • 6
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    Magnetite, Hematite and Zero-Valent Iron as Co-Catalysts in Advanced Oxidation Processes Application for Cosmetic Wastewater Treatment (2020)
    Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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    Publication Date: 2020-12-24
    Description: Background: There is a need for more effective methods of industrial wastewater treatment. Methods: Cosmetic wastewater was collected and subjected to H2O2/Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe0 and UV/H2O2/Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe0 process treatment. Results: Total organic carbon (TOC) was decreased from an initial 306.3 to 134.1 mg/L, 56.2% TOC removal, after 120 min of treatment for 1:1 H2O2/COD mass ratio and 500/500/1000 mg/L Fe3O4/Fe2O3/Fe0 catalyst doses. The application chromatographic analysis allowed for the detection and identification of pollutants present in the wastewater. Identified pollutants were removed during the treatment processes. Processes carried out at a pH greater than 3.0 were ineffective. The UV process was more effective than the lightless process. Conclusions: The applied processes are effective methods for wastewater treatment. Chromatographic results confirmed the effectiveness of the treatment method. The kinetics of the process were described by the modified second-order model. On the basis of ANOVA results, the hypothesis regarding the accuracy and reproducibility of the research was confirmed.
    Electronic ISSN: 2073-4344
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Published by Molecular Diversity Preservation International
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  • 7
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    Landfill Leachates Treatment by /UV, /, Modified Fenton, and Modified Photo-Fenton Methods (2012)
    Hindawi
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    Publication Date: 2012-01-01
    Description: Advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) such as H2O2/UV, O3/H2O2, modified Fenton, and modified photo-Fenton processes have been investigated in terms of the treatment of landfill leachate with ratio of BOD5/COD in the range of 0.22 to 0.24. The modification of Fenton and photo-Fenton processes consisted in the inclusion of precipitation and separation of humic substances at pH 3. Due to the precipitation, the value of COD decreased by 39% and BOD5by 7.1%. The modification of the processes allowed us to improve the efficiency and to decrease the doses of reagents necessary to continue the process. Modified photo-Fenton process proved to be the most effective (92.7% COD removal) of all processes investigated. Additionally, modified-Fenton process was much more effective than the other two processes when compared up to 120 min, while after longer times it gave the least satisfactory results. After 30 min of modified-Fenton process BOD5/COD ratio increased to 0.43. The parameter referred to as “efficiency of oxidants” was used to estimate the efficiency of all the processes—its value varied from 178 to 239%. Various substances including phthalates, hydrocarbons, silanes, and siloxanes were identified in raw and treated leachate.
    Print ISSN: 1110-662X
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-529X
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Published by Hindawi
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  • 8
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    Wastewater Treatment with the Fenton Process (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: The presence of refractory organic compounds in wastewater is a global problem. Advanced oxidation processes, in general, and the Fenton oxidation process are alternative technologies for wastewater and water treatment. This book gives an overview of Fenton process principles, explains the main factors influencing this technology, includes applications, kinetic and thermodynamic calculations and presents a strong overview on the heterogeneous catalytic approach. It demonstrates that the iron-based heterogeneous Fenton process, including nanoparticles, a new complex solution, is highly efficient, environmentally friendly, and can be suitable for wastewater treatment and industrial wastewater. FEATURES Describes in detail the heterogeneous Fenton process and process applications Analyzes the advantages and disadvantages of different catalysts available and their suitability to specific processes Provides economic analysis of the Fenton process in a ready-to-use package for industrial practitioners for adaptation into already existing industrially viable technologies Promotes a modern solution to the problem of degradation of hazardous compounds through ecological and environmentally friendly processes and the use of a catalyst that can be recycled Explains highly complex data in an understandable and reader-friendly way Intended for professionals, researchers, upper-level undergraduate and graduate students in environmental engineering, materials science, chemistry, and those who work in wastewater management.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 9
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    Chapter 4 Nanomaterials (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chapter 4 - Iron-based heterogeneous Fenton processes have been used to remove organic pollutants from wastewater. However, their efficiency is limited by iron's low solubility and iron sludge formation. Iron-based nanomaterials have been proposed to enhance the performance of the Fenton process. Researchers can employ zero-valent iron and iron oxide nanoparticles in their processes, to mention a few. This chapter reviews the recent findings in various iron-based nanostructures, their synthesis and characterization, and their application in iron-based Fenton processes. The nano-effects involved in the degradation of organic pollutants and the factors that boost the performance of the process are also discussed. It is concluded by highlighting the potential of nanomaterials in enhancing the efficiency of iron-based Fenton processes for wastewater treatment and identifying the challenges and future directions in this field.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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  • 10
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    Chapter 9 Toxicity of the Catalyst and Products Formed in the Process (2024)
    Taylor & Francis | CRC Press
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    Publication Date: 2024-04-11
    Description: Chapter 9 - The heterogeneous Fenton process can generate a large number of compounds that can be toxic to the environment, and more toxic by-products than the parent compounds can appear after the treatment process. The heterogeneous Fenton process is used to decompose contaminants by rapid oxidation in the presence of a catalyst. Iron oxides, commonly used as catalysts, are considered to be non-toxic, but there are reports of toxicity towards certain organisms. Therefore, studies on the stability of the catalysts used in the process and their potential threats to living organisms are necessary. It is essential to constantly work on the stability of the catalyst. The toxicity of the by-products is also crucial. According to the reports, the decrease in viability of organisms is organism-specific and dose-dependent, and the lethal effect is strictly related to the size of particles. Incomplete mineralization can also result in hazardous, potentially toxic compounds in the effluent. Thus, the toxicity of effluent also needs to be studied, and biodegradability needs to be increased to reduce the toxicity of the process.
    Keywords: Advanced Oxidation Process ; Industrial Wastewater ; Iron Catalysts ; Nanotechnology, Nano-Oxides ; Refractory Organic Compounds ; Wastewater Quality Assessment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology::TQS Sanitary and municipal engineering::TQSW Water supply and treatment ; thema EDItEUR::T Technology, Engineering, Agriculture, Industrial processes::TQ Environmental science, engineering and technology
    Language: English
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