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  • 1
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    Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Inversions and Low-Level Jets over Svalbard Fjords in Spring (2011)
    Hindawi Publishing Corporation
    In:  EPIC3Advances in Meteorology, Hindawi Publishing Corporation, 2011
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: Air temperature and specific humidity inversions and low-level jets were studied over two Svalbard fjords, Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden, applying three tethersonde systems. Tethersonde operation practices notably affected observations on inversion and jet properties. The inversion strength and depth were strongly affected by weather conditions at the 850 hPa level. Strong inversions were deep with a highly elevated base, and the strongest ones occurred in warm air mass. Unexpectedly, downward longwave radiation measured at the sounding site did not correlate with the inversion properties. Temperature inversions had lower base and top heights than humidity inversions, the former due to surface cooling and the latter due to adiabatic cooling with height. Most low-level jets were related to katabatic winds. Over the ice-covered Kongsfjorden, jets were lifted above a cold-air pool on the fjord; the jet core was located highest when the snow surface was coldest. At the ice-free Isfjorden, jets were located lower.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , peerRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 2
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    Modelling the vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer over Arctic fjords in Svalbard (2012)
    JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD
    In:  EPIC3Quarterly Journal of the Royal Meteorological Society, JOHN WILEY & SONS LTD, ISSN: 0035-9009
    Details
    Publication Date: 2019-07-17
    Description: The vertical structure of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL), simulated with the mesoscale modelWeather Research and Forecasting (WRF) as well as with its polar optimized version Polar WRF, was compared to tethered balloon soundings and mast observations taken in March and April 2009 from two Arctic fjords in Svalbard. From twelve short (48 h) simulations, the Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination scheme for the ABL and the NOAH land surface scheme for the surface were found to perform best and were selected for one long (16 day) simulation. The differences in performance of the standard WRF and Polar WRF were marginal. A warm bias, especially near the surface, was found in the modelled temperature profiles related to underestimated temperature inversion strength and depth. The modelled humidity inversions were generally deeper but weaker than the observed, and often occurred independently of temperature inversions. The largest errors in temperature and humidity occurred under high pressure conditions. Multiple temperature and humidity inversions were usually not captured byWRF. Compared to the compact sea ice east of Svalbard, the modelled temperature and humidity inversions were weaker and less frequent over the fjords. The biases in modelled wind speed profiles were closely related to low-level jets (LLJs); the modelled LLJs were stronger and deeper, and typically located at higher altitudes than the observed LLJs. Errors in the near-surface variables were notably reduced by applying post-processing equations based on othermodelled variables.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 3
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    Characteristics of Temperature and Humidity Inversions and Low-Level Jets over Svalbard Fjords in Spring (2011)
    Hindawi
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-01-01
    Description: Air temperature and specific humidity inversions and low-level jets were studied over two Svalbard fjords, Isfjorden and Kongsfjorden, applying three tethersonde systems. Tethersonde operation practices notably affected observations on inversion and jet properties. The inversion strength and depth were strongly affected by weather conditions at the 850 hPa level. Strong inversions were deep with a highly elevated base, and the strongest ones occurred in warm air mass. Unexpectedly, downward longwave radiation measured at the sounding site did not correlate with the inversion properties. Temperature inversions had lower base and top heights than humidity inversions, the former due to surface cooling and the latter due to adiabatic cooling with height. Most low-level jets were related to katabatic winds. Over the ice-covered Kongsfjorden, jets were lifted above a cold-air pool on the fjord; the jet core was located highest when the snow surface was coldest. At the ice-free Isfjorden, jets were located lower.
    Print ISSN: 1687-9309
    Electronic ISSN: 1687-9317
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Hindawi
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