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  • 1
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    Meristic variations and skeletal deformities in natural population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) (2018)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-05-19
    Description: Skeletal deformities seriously relegate the biological performance of fish. The frequency of occurrence of different types of meristic variations and skeletal deformities were seen in the population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora, in two main reservoirs; Korang Stream, Islamabad and Dhobi Ghat Stream, Hassan Abdal. A total of ninety-five fish were caught randomly, forty-five from the unpolluted Korang Stream and fifty from the polluted Dhobi Ghat Stream by cast nets from February to July, 2009. Radiographs and dry skeletal preparation techniques were used to record meristic variations and skeletal deformities and describe various types and frequency of appearance. Deformities were studied under categories, Highest Frequency of Occurrence (HFO), Normal Frequency of Occurrence (NFO) and Lowest Frequency of Occurrence (LFO). In the deformed fishes, significant (p〈0.001) anomaly was noticed in nineteenth to twenty second and forty one to forty third (p〈0.05) vertebrae of the vertebral column. Deformities scoliosis (C2, 5.26%), platyspondyly (C5, 11.27%), and abnormal neural spine (TC25, 13.53) appeared to affect 70%, 60% and 50% of the deformed individuals respectively. This study concluded that skeleton deformities in T. putitora population in the laundry waste water of Dhobi Ghat Stream have relevance with detergent waste, as a possible causative agent.
    Description: Published
    Keywords: Meristic variations ; Skeleton ; Deformities ; Tor putitora ; Population
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: Journal Contribution , Refereed
    Format: pp.208-216
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  • 2
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    Meristic variations and skeletal deformities in natural population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora (Hamilton, 1822) (2021)
    In:  http://aquaticcommons.org/id/eprint/23184 | 18721 | 2018-06-19 18:16:36 | 23184 | Iranian Fisheries Science Research Institute
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-13
    Description: Skeletal deformities seriously relegate the biological performance of fish. The frequency of occurrence of different types of meristic variations and skeletal deformities were seen in the population of mahseer fish, Tor putitora, in two main reservoirs; Korang Stream, Islamabad and Dhobi Ghat Stream, Hassan Abdal. A total of ninety-five fish were caught randomly, forty-five from the unpolluted Korang Stream and fifty from the polluted Dhobi Ghat Stream by cast nets from February to July, 2009. Radiographs and dry skeletal preparation techniques were used to record meristic variations and skeletal deformities and describe various types and frequency of appearance. Deformities were studied under categories, Highest Frequency of Occurrence (HFO), Normal Frequency of Occurrence (NFO) and Lowest Frequency of Occurrence (LFO). In the deformed fishes, significant (p〈0.001) anomaly was noticed in nineteenth to twenty second and forty one to forty third (p〈0.05) vertebrae of the vertebral column. Deformities scoliosis (C2, 5.26%), platyspondyly (C5, 11.27%), and abnormal neural spine (TC25, 13.53) appeared to affect 70%, 60% and 50% of the deformed individuals respectively. This study concluded that skeleton deformities in T. putitora population in the laundry waste water of Dhobi Ghat Stream have relevance with detergent waste, as a possible causative agent.
    Keywords: Biology ; Environment ; Pollution ; Meristic variations ; Skeleton ; Deformities ; Tor putitora ; Pakistan
    Repository Name: AquaDocs
    Type: article , TRUE
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: application/pdf
    Format: 208-216
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  • 3
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    Late Quaternary glacial advances in the Tons River Valley, Garhwal Himalaya, India and regional synchronicity (2014)
    Sage
    In: Holocene
    Details
    Publication Date: 2014-09-12
    Description: The glacial history of the Tons River Valley reveals significant changes in the glacier extent during the late Quaternary driven by regional and global climatic changes. The successions of moraines in glaciated valley of the upper Tons River, Garhwal Himalaya, provide evidence of at least five glacial advances during the late Quaternary Period. This study discusses about the synchronicity of Himalayan glaciers and comparison between results of Optically Stimulated Luminescence (OSL) and Cosmogenic Radio Nuclide (CRN 10 Be) dates. The OSL dates of moraine sediments deposited by glacier in the upper Tons valley show parallelism with the ages deduced from the CRN of 10 Be by Scherler et al. in the same area. The five episodes of glacier advances are dated at 20 ± 3, 16 ± 2, 8 ± 1.2, 6 ± 0.7 and 3 ± 0.6 kyr (between Marine Isotope Stages (MISs) I and II). Two of the more extensive phases of glaciation were during the early and later parts of MIS II, which attributed to the lower temperature and enhanced the mid-latitude westerlies. During the periods between 20 ± 3 kyr and present day, the glacier lost ~47 km 2 (33%) area, 0.88 x 10 10 m 3 water equivalent (w.e.) volume with the rate of 0.44 x 10 6 m 3 w.e./yr, which is close to the current melting rates of Central Himalayan glaciers. The estimation of equilibrium line altitude (ELA) using these dates and geomorphic data suggests a vertical shift of ~451 m for Jaundhar Glacier and ~598 m for Bandarpunch Glacier since 20 kyr. The results from Tons valley glaciation show synchronicity with the records of glacial advancements from the other Himalayan glacier valleys. These data allow testing of two widely used dating techniques and importance of global climate change and monsoon influence on glaciation in the Himalaya.
    Print ISSN: 0959-6836
    Electronic ISSN: 1477-0911
    Topics: Geography , Geosciences
    Published by Sage
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  • 4
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    Depth profiling and recessional history of the Hamtah and Parang glaciers in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, Indian Himalaya (2017)
    Geological Society (of London)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-03
    Description: The Himalaya are often referred to as the third pole of the Earth because they host the largest areal extent of glaciation outside the polar regions. Estimating the volume of these glaciers is challenging because the ice thickness of most of the glaciers is not accurately known. Depth profiling of the north-facing Hamtah and Parang glaciers was carried out using ground-penetrating radar surveys. The 6 km long Hamtah glacier and the 2.5 km long Parang glacier, with average widths of 350 and 250 m, respectively, are located in different U-shaped valleys. The depth of the ice–bedrock interface varied from 35 to 95 m in the Hamtah glacier and from 40 to 140 m in the Parang glacier. The valley profiles and ground-penetrating radar data were combined to obtain the volumes of the glaciers. The total volumes of ice in the Parang and Hamtah glaciers were estimated to be 0.179 and 0.375 km 3 , respectively. Shape analyses of different parts of these glaciers suggest that mathematical equations can be used to describe their sequential development. The retreat rates of the Parang and Hamtah glaciers were estimated to be 11.04 and 16.10 m a –1 , respectively.
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society (of London)
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  • 5
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    Forward and Inverse Predictive Model for the Trajectory Tracking Control of a Lower Limb Exoskeleton for Gait Rehabilitation: Simulation modelling analysis (2018)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-03-20
    Description: The movement of a lower limb exoskeleton requires a reasonably accurate control method to allow for an effective gait therapy session to transpire. Trajectory tracking is a nontrivial means of passive rehabilitation technique to correct the motion of the patients’ impaired limb. This paper proposes an inverse predictive model that is coupled together with the forward kinematics of the exoskeleton to estimate the behaviour of the system. A conventional PID control system is used to converge the required joint angles based on the desired input from the inverse predictive model. It was demonstrated through the present study, that the inverse predictive model is capable of meeting the trajectory demand with acceptable error tolerance. The findings further suggest the ability of the predictive model of the exoskeleton to predict a correct joint angle command to the system.
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 6
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    Depth profiling and recessional history of the Hamtah and Parang glaciers in Lahaul and Spiti, Himachal Pradesh, Indian Himalaya (2017)
    Geological Society of London
    Details
    Publication Date: 2017-11-01
    Print ISSN: 0305-8719
    Electronic ISSN: 2041-4927
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Geological Society of London
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