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Magnesium transport in Salmonella typhimurium: the influence of new mutations conferring Co2+ resistance on the CorA Mg2+ transport system (1991)

Gibson, M. M. ; Bagga, D. A. ; Miller, C. G. ; [et al.]

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0

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ISSN: 1365-2958

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Biology , Medicine

Notes: The CorA Mg2+ transport system of Salmonella typhimurium mediates both influx and efflux of Mg2+. Mutations at the corA locus (83.5min) confer resistance to Co2+. Using transposon mutagenesis, three additional Co2+ resistance loci (corB, corC, and corD) were found and mapped to 55, 15, and 3min, respectively, on the S. typhimurium chromosome. No mutations corresponding to the reported corB locus at 95min in Escherichia coli were obtained. The corB, corC, and corD mutations confer levels of Co2+ resistance intermediate between those of the wild-type and corA mutations.Isogenic strains were constructed containing combinations of transposon insertion mutations in each of the three Co2+ resistance loci to assess their influence on the CorA Mg2+ transport system. The Vmax and Km values for 28Mg2+ or for 57Co2+ and 63Ni2+ influx, analogues of Mg2+ transported by the CorA system, were changed less than twofold compared with the wild-type values, regardless of the mutation(s) present. However, while efflux of 28Mg2+ through the CorA system was decreased threefold in strains carrying one or two mutant alleles among corB, corC, or corD, efflux was completely abolished in either a corA or a corBCD strain. Thus, although the corA gene product is necessary and sufficent to mediate Mg2+ influx, Mg2+ efflux requires the presence of a wild-type allele of at least one of the corB, corC or corD loci.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01984.x

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Magnesium transport in prokaryotes (1999)

Moncrief, Mary Beth C. ; Maguire, M. E.

Springer

JBIC 4 (1999), S. 523-527

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ISSN: 1432-1327

Keywords: Key words Magnesium ; Transport ; Prokaryotes

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology

Notes: Abstract Possessing the largest hydrated radius, the smallest ionic radius, and the highest charge density among the biologically relevant cations, Mg2+ provides an interesting problem for transport into living cells. Transport systems for Mg2+ have been characterized primarily in Salmonella typhimurium because the well-developed genetics of Gram-negative bacteria make cloning and studying the transporters a viable proposition. The CorA transport system is expressed constitutively and is the major Mg2+ transporter in Eubacteria and Archaea. It has three transmembrane domains, a uniquely large periplasmic domain, and no sequence homology to other proteins. The MgtE Mg2+ transporter also lacks sequence homology to other proteins, and it is unclear if Mg2+ transport is its primary function. The MgtA and MgtB Mg2+ transporters have sequence homology to P-type ATPases. They are more closely related to the mammalian Ca2+–ATPases than to the prokaryotic P-type ATPases. MgtA and MgtB mediate Mg2+ influx with, rather than against, the Mg2+ electrochemical gradient. Unlike corA and mgtE, the mgtA and mgtC/mgtB loci are regulated, being induced by the two-component regulatory system PhoP/PhoQ. PhoQ is a Mg2+ membrane sensor kinase that phosphorylates the transcription factor PhoP under Mg2+–limiting conditions. This factor then induces transcription of mgtA and mgtCB. MgtC, which is encoded by the first gene in the mgtCB operon, has no sequence homology to any known protein and is essential for S. typhimurium virulence in mice and macrophages, but does appear to be a Mg2+ transporter. The physiological roles of these Mg2+ transporters and their mechanisms are not yet completely clear, but initial data indicate that Mg2+ transporters are unique transport systems with unusual mechanisms for mediating Mg2+ movement through the membrane.