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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Does the Neurone Soma Actually Generate Action Potentials? (1963)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 197 (1963), S. 358-359 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] IT has been shown by Oomura et l. that the neurone of a marine pulmonate mollusc, Onchidium verru-culatum, could generate the action potential in various sodium-free sea-waters, and that not sodium but calcium ions played an important part in the electrical activities. They also reported that the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/197358a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electrical Activity of a Giant Nerve Cell Under Abnormal Conditions (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 191 (1961), S. 1265-1267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] RECENTLY it was found that a node of Ranvier of the toad's nerve could generate action potentials in sodium-free isotonic choline chloride, calcium chloride, potassium nitrate or even in a sucrose solution, when an adequate intensity of hyperpolarizing current was applied to the nodal membrane1. ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/1911265a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oscillating activity of a calcium-activated K+ channel in normal and cancerous mammary cells in culture (1991)
    Springer
    The journal of membrane biology 119 (1991), S. 133-139 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1424
    Keywords: Ca2+-activated K+ channel ; Ca2+ oscillation ; inward rectification ; charybdotoxin ; apamin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Summary Calcium-activated potassium channels were the channels most frequently observed in primary cultured normal mammary cell and in the established mammary tumor cell, MMT060562. In both cells, single-channel and whole-cell clamp recordings sometimes showed slow oscillations of the Ca2+-gated K+ current. The characteristics of the Ca2+-activated K+ channels in normal and cancerous mammary cells were quite similar. The slope conductances changed from 8 to 70 pS depending on the mode of recording and the ionic composition in the patch electrode. The open probability of this channel increased between 0.1 to 1 μm of the intracellular Ca2+, but it was independent of the membrane potential. Charybdotoxin reduced the activity of the Ca2+-activated K+ channel and the oscillation of the membrane current, but apamin had no apparent effect. The application of tetraethylammonium (TEA) from outside and BaCl2 from inside of the cell diminished the activity of the channel. The properties of this channel were different from those of both the large conductance (BK or MAXI K) and small conductance (SK) type Ca2+-activated K+ channels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01871412
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of acetylcholine on ventrocaudal sensory neurons in the pleural ganglia ofAplysia (1989)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 9 (1989), S. 233-245 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: Aplysia ; sensory neuron ; acetylcholine ; potassium currents
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. The effects of acetylcholine (ACh) on the soma of cultured ventrocaudal sensory neurons from the pleural ganglia ofAplysia kurodai were characterized. 2. Whole-cell recording was used for current and voltage clamping. ACh and other drugs were microapplied to the membranes of the cultured neurons. 3. Microapplication of ACh induced an outward current mediated by a conductance increase. No desensitization to repeated applications of ACh was detected. The threshold was 10−7 M and the maximum response was at 10−5 M. 4. The reversal potential in normal seawater is -80mV, close to the K+ equilibrium potential. Increasing [K+]0 shifted the reversal potential by the amount predicted by the Nernst equation. Altering [Cl−]0 did not affect the reversal potential. Thus ACh opens a potassium channel in these sensory neurons and may act as a neurotransmitter on those neurons. 5. Atropine andd-tubocurarine partially blocked the ACh response. Hexamethonium had no obvious effect on this response. Tetraethylammonium reduced the response to 22% of control. Carbamylcholine and arecoline induced outward currents that were 71 and 12%, respectively, of the response to ACh. Nicotine and muscarine had almost no effect. 6. The ACh response was reduced by prior application of serotonin (5HT). The ACh response was also reduced by bath-applied 5HT, forskolin, and isobutylmethylxanthine. These data suggest that ACh activates an “S-like” channel in the ventrocaudal sensory neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00713031
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Reduction of the acetylcholine-induced K+ current in identifiedAplysia neurons by human interleukin-1 and interleukin-2 (1992)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular neurobiology 12 (1992), S. 439-445 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6830
    Keywords: interleukin-1 ; interleukin-2 ; acetylcholine-induced K+ current ; inhibitory modulation ; Aplysia neuron
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary 1. Effects of bath-applied recombinant human interleukin-1 (rhIL-1) and interleukin-2 (rhIL-2) on the acetylcholine (ACh)-induced K+ current recorded from identified neurons (R9 and R10) ofAplysia kurodai were investigated with voltage-clamp and pressure ejection techniques. 2. Bath-applied rhIL-1 and rhIL-2 (10–40 U/ml) reduced the ACh-induced current in the neurons without affecting the resting membrane conductance and holding current. 3. The suppressing effects of these cytokines on the current were completely reversible. 4. Heat-inactivated rhIL-1 and rhIL-2 were without effect. 5. These results suggest that the immunomodulators, IL-1 and IL-2, can modulate the ACh-induced response in the nervous system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00711544
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of differentiation by radiation and hyperthermia in neuroblastoma - glioma hybrid cells (1994)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 12 (1994), S. 137-142 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Radiation ; hyperthermia ; neuroblastoma-glioma ; intracellular calcium ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effects of either radiation or hyperthermia on the differentiation potential of NG108-15, a neuroblastoma-glioma hybrid cell line, were studied. After radiation and hyperthermia, the outgrowth of neurites from NG108-15 cells was potentiated, and polarizing current and voltage pulses induced a distinct action potential and a diphasic (inward following outward) current, respectively. An increase in the specific activity of acetylcholinesterase was also observed. In addition, both treatments induced an elevation of the concentration of intracellular calcium in some cells. The increase in intracellular calcium concentration caused by applying the calcium ionophore, A23187, induced differentiation. It is suggested that both the radiation- and the hyperthermia-induced increases of electrical excitability and acetylcholinesterase activity may have originated from an increase in intracellular Ca2+ concentration.
    Additional Material: 4 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290120209
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Release of arachidonic acid via Ca2+ increase stimulated by pyrophosphonucleotides and bradykinin in mammary tumour cells (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 279-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: ATP ; UTP ; bradykinin ; calcium ; arachidonic acid ; mammary cell ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The relationship between the increase of intracellular Ca2+ and the release of arachidonic acid by bradykinin and pyrophosphonucleotides was studied in cultured mammary tumour cells, MMT060562. Bradykinin, ATP, UTP and UDP induced an increase of intracellular Ca2+ and the release of arachidonic acid from phospholipids into the extracellular fluid. Release of arachidonic acid was also induced by the application of the Ca2+ ionophore, A23187. Liberation of arachidonic acid by bradykinin and ATP was reduced by mepacrine, a blocker of phospholipase A2 and W-7, a calmodulin antagonist.It is suggested that the increase in cytosolic Ca2+-induced release of arachidonic acid occurs through activation of calmodulin-dependent phospholipase A2.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130409
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of frequency augmentation-potentiation by GTPγS in the frog neuromuscular junction (1995)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 13 (1995), S. 105-109 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Nerve terminal ; transmitter release ; G protein ; frequency augmentation-potentiation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The effect of modifiers of guanine nucleotide-binding proteins (G proteins) on the frequency augmentation-potentiation of transmitter release were studied in the frog neuromuscular junction. Using GenetransferR as a carrier the mean quantal content of the endplate potential increased by penetration of GTPγS into the presynaptic nerve terminal. Neither GTPγS alone nor carrier alone had any effect. The relationship of log (mean quantal content) versus stimulation frequency changed from a single linear to a dual linear function, suggesting that the immediately releasable pool was modified. GDPβS + carrier also had similar effects, but was less potent. Aluminium fluoride was without effect. Extracellularly recorded presynaptic nerve action potentials remained unchanged with GTPγS + carrier. Also, GTPγS + carrier did not affect the action potential nor the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration in differentiated NG108-15 hybrid cells. It is suggested that some smg-type G protein-dependent processes are involved in determining frequency augmentation-potentiation.
    Additional Material: 2 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290130207
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of hyperthermia on intracellular calcium concentration and responses of cancerous mammary cells in culture (1992)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 10 (1992), S. 225-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Hyperthermia ; intracellular calcium ; fura-2 ; ATP ; D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Effects of hyperthermia on the intracellular calcium concentration (Cai) of an established mouse breast cancer cell line, MMT060562, were studied using fura-2 fluorescence microscopy and the whole-cell clamp technique. A sudden change of temperature from 37 to 45°C induced a transient increase in the fluorescence ratio permeability of the cell membrane and inward current. Deletion of extracellular calcium abolished the fluorescence ratio response to the rise in temperture. Cai of some cells increased after hyperthermia treatment at 44-48°C for 20 min, but the average increase of Cai was negligible. After hyperthermia treatment, spontaneous oscillation of Cai, chemical responses to ATP and bradykinin and the mechanically-induced spreading reponse diminished. However, the mechanically induced increase of Cai within the stimulated cell remained even after hyperthermia treatment. Suppression of the ATP-induced Cai response recovered to about half the original level within 12 h. Blockage of protein synthesis with cycloheximide (100 μM) had no effect on the recovery. The D-myo-inositol 1,4,5-triphosphate (IP3)-dependent increase of Cai remained intact even after hyperthermia treatment. It is concluded that hyperthermia treatment increases both the permeability of the cell membrane and Cai, but decreases the sensitivity of cells to ATP and bradykinin, presumably due to modification of the signal transduction mechanism.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290100403
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Proliferation-associated increase in sensitivity of mammary epithelial cells to inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (1993)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Cell Biochemistry and Function 11 (1993), S. 55-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0263-6484
    Keywords: Inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate ; intracellular calcium ; mammary epithelial cells ; cell proliferation ; Chemistry ; Biochemistry and Biotechnology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Injection of D-myo-inositol-1,4,5-trisphosphate (IP3) was found to induce a transient increase of intracellular Ca2+ concentration in cancerous mammary cells (MMT060562) and in normal mammary cells treated with epidermal growth factor. Responses to injection of either D-myo-inositol-1,4-bisphosphate (IP2) or D-myo-inositol-1,3,4,5-tetrakisphosphate (IP4) were small or absent. Furthermore, normal mammary cells cultivated with low-protein serum replacement alone or in the presence of differentiation-inducing hormones (insulin + cortisol + prolactin) were less sensitive to IP3.Thapsigargin induced a transient increase of Ca2+ due to the release of Ca2+ from an intracellular pool. There was no difference in the peak heights of the thapsigargin-induced Ca2+ increase when mammary cells were cultivated in the presence or absence of epidermal growth factor or insulin + cortisol + prolactin. These findings suggest that the releasable intracellular Ca2+ pool remained unchanged whereas sensitivity to IP3 increases during the proliferation stage.Mechanical stimulus of a mammary cell induces an increase of intracellular Ca2+ in the stimulated cell. A certain stimulating factor is released from the mechanically stimulated cell into the extracellular space, and it induces an increase of Ca2+ in surrounding cells.18 In contrast, the IP3-induced Ca2+ increase in both cancerous and epidermal growth factor-treated normal mammary cells did not spread to adjacent cells. Therefore, increase of Ca2+ is not sufficient to account for the release of stimulating substances from mammary cells in the mechanically-induced spreading response.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cbf.290110107
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