ALBERT — All Library Books, journals and Electronic Records Telegrafenberg

1

Electronic Resource

KINETICS OF OXYGEN UPTAKE IN LIQUID FOODS (1976)

MACK, T. E. ; HELDMAN, D. R. ; SINGH, R. P.

Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd

Journal of food science 41 (1976), S. 0

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ISSN: 1750-3841

Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology

Notes: An important consideration in the investigation of liquid food quality degradation by oxidative reactions is the kinetics of oxygen uptake. The purpose of this research was to investigate oxygen uptake rates in a liquid food during storage. A commercially prepared infant formula was used as the model system. The influence of three variables (light intensity, storage temperature and initial concentration of dissolved oxygen) on the rate of oxygen uptake was determined. Results of the study indicated that the oxygen uptake in liquid foods follows fist order rate kinetics during the first 24 hr of storage. In the range of 0–4300 lux, it was found that the rate of oxygen uptake increases linearly with increasing light intensity. The rate of oxygen uptake at three different levels of initial dissolved oxygen from 1 mg/liter to nearly saturation showed that the rate of oxygen uptake increases linearly with increasing initial dissolved oxygen concentration. The influence of temperature on rate of oxygen uptake indicated that the Arrhenius equation could be used to describe the relationship.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1976.tb00607.x

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2

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Which stochastic model is underlying the chain ladder method?

Mack, T.

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Insurance Mathematics and Economics 15 (1994), S. 133-138

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ISSN: 0167-6687

Keywords: Stochastic chain ladder

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Mathematics , Economics

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-6687(94)90789-7

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3

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Reproduction and residue accumulation in black ducks fed toxaphene (1980)

Haseltine, Susan D. ; Finley, Mack T. ; Cromartie, Eugene

Springer

Archives of environmental contamination and toxicology 9 (1980), S. 461-471

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ISSN: 1432-0703

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Abstract Three sets of 15 pairs of black ducks (Anas rubripes) were given 0, 10, or 50 ppm toxaphene in a dry mash diet for a period of 19 months, which included two breeding seasons. Survival of adults was not affected, but the weights of treated males were depressed during the summer months. Egg production, fertility, hatchability, eggshell thickness, growth, and survival of young did not vary with toxaphene ingestion in either breeding season. However, the mean number of days required to complete a clutch was lower in birds fed toxaphene than in birds on the control diet. Clutches of hens fed 50 ppm toxaphene showed improved hatching success in the second year of the study. Carcass wet-weight (70% moisture) residues in adults and the young birds averaged from 50 to 100% of the dietary concentration (7% moisture); egg residues showed a similar trend. Carcass residues did not reflect those found in the livers or brains of the adults, which seldom exceeded 0.5 ppm. Toxaphene residues were found in the brain of only one 10 ppm bird, but were present in nearly all of the 50 ppm birds. Toxaphene residues were present in the liver all all birds ingesting toxaphene.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01055298

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4

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Mercury residues in tissues of dead and surviving birds fed methylmercury (1979)

Finley, Mack T. ; Stickel, William H. ; Christensen, R. E.

Springer

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 21 (1979), S. 105-110

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ISSN: 1432-0800

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Summary Concentrations of mercury in passerine birds fed diets containing 40 ppm methylmercury were similar in tissues of birds that died from mercury poisoning and in those that were sacrificed after half the group had died. Residues were higher in tissues of birds that died, but the differences were not statistically significant. Residue levels were highest in livers, followed by kidneys and brains. Levels of mercury were similar in breast muscle, carcass, and whole body. Mercury levels were highest in redwinged blackbirds, lowest in grackles, and intermediate in starlings and cowbirds. Mercury concentrations exceeded 20 ppm in all tissues of all species and were similar to levels reported in wild birds known to have died of mercury poisoning.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685396

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5

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Lead in tissues of mallard ducks dosed with two types of lead shot (1976)

Finley, Mack T. ; Dieter, Michael P. ; Locke, Louis N.

Springer

Bulletin of environmental contamination and toxicology 16 (1976), S. 261-269

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ISSN: 1432-0800

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Medicine

Notes: Summary Mallard ducks (Anas platyrhynchos) were sacrificed one month after ingesting one number 4 all-lead shot or one number 4 lead-iron shot. Livers, kidneys, blood, wingbones, and eggs were analyzed for lead by atomic absorption. Necropsy of sacrificed ducks failed to reveal any of the tissue lesions usually associated with lead poisoning in waterfowl. Lead levels in ducks given all-lead shot averaged about twice those in ducks given lead-iron shot, reflecting the amount of lead in the two types of shot. Lead in the blood of ducks dosed with all-lead shot averaged 0.64 ppm, and 0.28 ppm in ducks given lead-iron shot. Lead residues in livers and kidneys of females given all-lead shot were significantly higher than in males. In both dosed groups, lead levels in wingbones of females were about 10 times those in males, and were significantly correlated with the number of eggs laid after dosage. Lead levels in contents and shells of eggs laid by hens dosed with all-lead shot were about twice those in eggs laid by hens dosed with lead-iron shot. Eggshells were found to best reflect levels of lead in the blood. Our results indicate that mallards maintained on a balanced diet and dosed with one lead shot may not accumulate extremely high lead levels in the liver and kidney. However, extremely high lead deposition may result in the bone of laying hens after ingesting sublethal amounts of lead shot as a result of mobilization of calcium from the bone during eggshell formation.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01685887

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6

Electronic Resource

Elektronenreiche ubergangsmetallkomplexe

Hohmann, F. ; Dieck, H.t. ; Mack, T. ; [et al.]

Amsterdam : Elsevier

Journal of Organometallic Chemistry 132 (1977), S. 255-263

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ISSN: 0022-328X

Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002

Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0022-328X(00)91732-7

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7

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Surrogate endpoint biomarkers for cervical cancer chemoprevention trials (1995)

Ruffin, Mack T. ; Ogaily, Mohammed S. ; Johnston, Carolyn M. ; [et al.]

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 59 (1995), S. 113-124

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ISSN: 0730-2312

Keywords: Aneuploidy ; cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN) ; cytophotometry dysplasia ; HPV morphometry ; oncogenes ; tumor markers ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Cervical intraepithelia neoplasia (CIN) represents a spectrum of epithelial changes that provide an excellent model for developing chemopreventive interventions for cervical cancer. Possible drug effect surrogate endpoint biomarkers are dependent on the agent under investigation. Published and preliminary clinical reports suggest retinoids and carotenoids are effective chemopreventive agents for CIN. Determination of plasma and tissue pharmacology of these agents and their metabolites could serve as drug effect intermediate endpoints. In addition, retinoic acid receptors could serve as both drug and biological effect intermediate endpoints. Possible biological effect surrogate endpoint biomarkers include cytomorphological parameters, proliferation markers, genomic markers, regulatory markers, and differentiation. Given the demonstrated causality of human papillomavirus (HPV) for cervical cancer, establishing the relationship to HPV will be an essential component of any biological intermediate endpoint biomarker. The pathologic effect surrogate endpoint biomarker for cervical cancer is CIN, used clinically for years. The desired effect for chemopreventive trials is complete regression or prevention of progression. In planning chemopreventive trials, investigators need to consider spontaneous regression rates, the subjective nature of detecting CIN, and the impact of biopsy on regression.If intermediate endpoint biomarkers that met the above criteria were available for cervical cancer, then new chemopreventive agents could be rapidly explored. The efficacy of these new agents could be determined with a moderate number of subjects exposed to minimal risk over an acceptable amount of time. The impacts on health care for women would be significant.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240590915

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8

Electronic Resource

Selection criteria for breast cancer chemoprevention subjects (1993)

Ruffin, Mack T. ; August, David A. ; Kelloff, Gary J. ; [et al.]

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 53 (1993), S. 234-241

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ISSN: 0730-2312

Keywords: Breast cancer risk ; chemoprevention ; intermediate biomarkers ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: Early phase chemoprevention trials differ from standard therapeutic clinical trials because asymptomatic, healthy people are treated with a potentially toxic intervention for a prolonged period of time. Current subject selection protocols have relied upon epidemiological methods to identify highrisk individuals. Most available data provide risk estimates for various individual risk factors, but few have reported risk estimates for combinations of risk factors. Selection criteria for the large tamoxifen intervention trial (NSABP P1) were developed from the work of Gail et al. [1]. The Gail model takes into account non-genetic factors (e.g., nulliparity, age at menarche, preexisting pathological conditions) and genetic factors (family history). Using a lifetime risk of 10% of developing breast cancer as a standard to intervention trial. This approach has been criticized for being insufficiently selective (i.e., all women ≥60 yrs), but appears to be the best available method to select subjects for a chemoprevention trial. Other approaches have been based on identification of very high-risk women with acknowledged pathologic conditions [lobular carcinoma in situ, ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS)]. Attempting to use these proliferative lesions as pathologic endpoints for drug effect has not been attempted. DCIS as a risk factor for tamoxifen intervention was excluded because of controversies over its management and because of frequent difficulties in distinguishing microinvasive from non-invasive lesions. Women treated for early stage breast cancer (Stage I) may be subjects for early stage chemopreventive interventions.We propose the use of intermediate endpoint biomarkers and genetic markers as entry criteria for early phase chemoprevention trials. For colorectal cancer chemoprevention, we have used a two-step selection process. The first step was based on epidemiologic risk assessment. Entry into the study required that a potential intermediate biomarker be positive and quantifiable. The relationship between modulation of a pre-transformational biomarker and development of cancer ultimately needs proof in a primary interventional trial; however, this methodology may permit screening of potential chemopreventive agents at lower cost and more rapid turn-around times. In early chemopreventive agent testing for breast cancer chemoprevention, we propose a similar two-step procedure. Epidemiological and/or pathological criteria for risk would be followed by a procedure to obtain cellular material. The cellular material would be assayed for pre-transformational cellular change.Identifying predictive genes in familial breast cancer cohorts such as the modified BRCA1 gene promises to select individuals at high familial and potentially physiological or environmental risk. The identification of the abnormal gene product in individuals and families will provide another important group of subjects for chemopreventive interventions. The identification of high-risk subjects for breast cancer chemoprevention, particularly those with familial genetic risk, carries important ethical problems. Such women may have difficulties obtaining health and life insurance, deciding to have children, and obtaining work. Chemoprevention trials with genetic selection criteria will need to develop methods of dealing with these issues.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jcb.240531143

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9

Electronic Resource

Colon cancer chemoprevention: Clinical development of aspirin as a chemopreventive agent (1997)

Krishnan, Koyamangalath ; Ruffin, Mack T. ; Brenner, Dean E.

New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell

Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 67 (1997), S. 148-158

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ISSN: 0730-2312

Keywords: aspirin ; colon cancer chemoprevention ; cyclooxygenase isoforms (COX-1 and COX-2) ; NSAIDs ; prostaglandins (PGE2 and PGF2α) ; surrogate end-point biomarkers (SEBs) ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology

Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine

Notes: We have studied aspirin as a potential chemopreventive for colorectal cancer, completing Phase I studies on aspirin pharmacology and potential biomarker assays (prostaglandins, PGE2 and PGF2α and cyclooxygenase modulation) in normal human subjects. These studies have determined the optimal dose of aspirin for future Phase IIa and IIb chemopreventive trials in high-risk cohorts of patients for colon cancer. Aspirin's effects on rectal prostaglandins are prolonged, detectable even after aspirin and its metabolite are removed from the plasma. Aspirin-mediated inhibition of prostaglandin production in the human rectal epithelium may be related to direct suppression of cyclooxygenase transcription and not to enzyme inactivation by acetylation. A systematic method to monitor adherence (self-report, telephone contact, pill count, and microelectronic monitoring) has been established for future trials. Strategies to improve recruitment of high-risk cohorts have been developed. Phase IIa non-randomized studies with aspirin at 81 mg in high-risk cohorts (resected Duke's A colon cancer, Duke's C colon cancer treated with adjuvant therapy and disease-free at 5 years, history of colon adenomas 〉 1 cm, two or more first-degree relatives with colon cancer, and familial adenomatous polyposis and hereditary non-polyposis colorectal cancer syndromes) are currently being conducted for surrogate end-point biomarker (prostaglandins, cyclooxygenase, cellular mucins, and proliferation) modulation. J. Cell. Biochem. Suppls. 28/29:148-158. Published 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.This article is a US Government work and, as such, is in the public domain in the United States of America.

Additional Material: 1 Ill.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

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