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  • 1
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    Fish Lateral Line Innovation: Insights into the Evolutionary Genomic Dynamics of a Unique Mechanosensory Organ (2012)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2012-11-10
    Description: The mechanosensory lateral line, found only in fishes and amphibians, is an important sense organ associated with aquatic life. Lateral line patterns differ among teleost, the most diverse vertebrate taxa, hypothetically in response to selective pressures from different aquatic habitats. In this article, we conduct evolutionary genomic analyses of 34 genes associated with lateral line system development in teleosts to elucidate the significance of contrasting evolutionary rates and changes in the protein coding sequences. We find that duplicated copies of these genes are preferentially retained in the teleost genomes and that episodic events of positive selection have occurred in 22 of the 30 postduplication branches. In general, teleost genes evolved at a faster rate relative to their tetrapod counterparts, and the mutation rates of 26 of the 34 genes differed among teleosts and tetrapods. We conclude that following whole genome duplication, evolutionary rates and episodic events of positive selection on the lateral line system development genes might have been one of the factors favoring the subsequent adaptive radiation of teleosts into diverse habitats. These results provide the foundation for further detailed explorations into lateral line system genes and the evolution of diverse phenotypes and adaptations.
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 2
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    Positive Selection Linked with Generation of Novel Mammalian Dentition Patterns (2016)
    Oxford University Press
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-09-13
    Description: A diverse group of genes are involved in the tooth development of mammals. Several studies, focused mainly on mice and rats, have provided a detailed depiction of the processes coordinating tooth formation and shape. Here we surveyed 236 tooth-associated genes in 39 mammalian genomes and tested for signatures of selection to assess patterns of molecular adaptation in genes regulating mammalian dentition. Of the 236 genes, 31 (~13.1%) showed strong signatures of positive selection that may be responsible for the phenotypic diversity observed in mammalian dentition. Mammalian-specific tooth-associated genes had accelerated mutation rates compared with older genes found across all vertebrates. More recently evolved genes had fewer interactions (either genetic or physical), were associated with fewer Gene Ontology terms and had faster evolutionary rates compared with older genes. The introns of these positively selected genes also exhibited accelerated evolutionary rates, which may reflect additional adaptive pressure in the intronic regions that are associated with regulatory processes that influence tooth-gene networks. The positively selected genes were mainly involved in processes like mineralization and structural organization of tooth specific tissues such as enamel and dentin. Of the 236 analyzed genes, 12 mammalian-specific genes (younger genes) provided insights on diversification of mammalian teeth as they have higher evolutionary rates and exhibit different expression profiles compared with older genes. Our results suggest that the evolution and development of mammalian dentition occurred in part through positive selection acting on genes that previously had other functions.
    Electronic ISSN: 1759-6653
    Topics: Biology
    Published by Oxford University Press
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  • 3
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    Processing and characterization of a Ni-Co ferrite for sensor applications (2015)
    SciELO Brazil
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    Publication Date: 2015-09-01
    Description: Ni-Co ferrites are magnetostrictive ceramics that have potential application in magnetostrictive/ magnetoelastic sensors, as well as in magnetoelectric composites. Ni-rich Ni-Co spinel ferrite samples were processed by the ceramic method and bulk samples were sintered at 1350 ºC in the solid state and at 950 ºC with Bi2O3 liquid phase. The sintered samples were characterized by light microscopy, scanning electron microscopy, Raman spectroscopy, vibrating sample magnetometry and capacitance dilatometry. With Bi2O3 additions as small as 0.6 mol% it was possible to sinter the Ni-Co ferrite at 950 ºC, obtaining high-density samples; however, such liquid-phase sintered samples presented iron oxide particles. The studied samples presented magnetoelastic sensitivities very close to CoFe2O4, with significantly lower magnetic hysteresis. The results thus indicate that the magnetic properties of the samples analyzed are suitable for applications in magnetomechanical sensors.
    Print ISSN: 0366-6913
    Electronic ISSN: 1678-4553
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by SciELO Brazil
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  • 4
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    Growth increment periodicity in the shell of the razor clam Ensis directus using stable isotopes as a method to validate age (2013)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-03-06
    Description: To evaluate the role of the razor clam Ensis directus in Dutch coastal waters, assessment and understanding its population dynamics is important. As such, the age structure of the population forms a key parameter. Accurate age determination in bivalve shells is not always straightforward due to the difficulty of interpreting externally visible growth lines. In the present paper, we aimed at validating the seasonality in growth line formation using visual techniques in combination with stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses (δ18O and δ13C). High δ18O values in the shell coincided with growth marks on the external surface of the valve and in acetate peels of the shell's cross section. Most shell δ18O samples were assigned to the months June to September. From November to March no samples were retrieved indicating that the shell did not grow. The lowest reconstructed temperature (6.1 °C) suggests that ~6 °C may be the threshold temperature for growth. Nevertheless, most of the reconstructed values fell above 14.5 °C indicating growth occurred mainly in the summer at relatively high temperatures. Shell δ13C profiles followed a more or less seasonal cycle but no direct relationship could be made between δ13C values and annual growth lines. Although counting external annual growth lines led to a correct estimation of age and consequently of growth rates, we recommend analysing acetate peels of cross-sections to support the distinction between annual lines and disturbance lines.
    Print ISSN: 1810-6277
    Electronic ISSN: 1810-6285
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 5
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    Growth increment periodicity in the shell of the razor clam Ensis directus using stable isotopes as a method to validate age (2013)
    Copernicus
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-07-15
    Description: To evaluate the role of the razor clam Ensis directus in Dutch coastal waters, understanding its population dynamics is important. As such, the age structure of the population forms a key parameter. Accurate age determination in bivalve shells is not always straightforward due to the difficulty of interpreting externally visible growth lines. In the present paper, we aimed at validating the seasonality in growth line formation using visual techniques in combination with stable oxygen and carbon isotope analyses (δ18O and δ13C). High δ18O values in the shell coincided with growth marks on the external surface of the valve and in acetate peels of the shell's cross section. Most shell δ18O samples were assigned to the months from June to September. From November to March no samples were retrieved, indicating that the shell did not grow. The lowest reconstructed temperature (6.3 °C) suggests that ~ 6 °C may be the threshold temperature for growth. Nevertheless, most of the reconstructed values fell above 14.5 °C, indicating that growth occurred mainly in the summer at relatively high temperatures. Shell δ13C profiles followed a more or less seasonal cycle, but no direct relationship could be made between δ13C values and annual growth lines. Although counting external annual growth lines led to a correct estimation of age and consequently of growth rates, we recommend analysing acetate peels of cross sections to support the distinction between annual lines and disturbance lines.
    Print ISSN: 1726-4170
    Electronic ISSN: 1726-4189
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences
    Published by Copernicus on behalf of European Geosciences Union.
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  • 6
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    Greenhouse gas induced changes in the fire risk in Brazil in ECHAM5/MPI-OM coupled climate model (2010)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-08-24
    Print ISSN: 0165-0009
    Electronic ISSN: 1573-1480
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Published by Springer
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