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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cadmium Concentration in Vegetables Grown on Urban Soils Irrigated with Untreated Municipal Sewage (2000)
    Springer
    Environment, development and sustainability 2 (2000), S. 13-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2975
    Keywords: cadmium ; human health ; municipal sewage ; soil contamination ; vegetables
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering , Sociology
    Notes: Abstract Cadmium (Cd) is considered as a potential toxin that is principally dispersed in natural and agricultural environments through anthropogenic sources. Untreated municipal sewage, often a potential source of Cd, is generally used to irrigate urban agricultural soils in many developing countries. A study was carried out to determine Cd concentration in untreated municipal sewage and sewage-irrigated soils and vegetables. The metal ion concentration in municipal sewage was found 3-fold (0.03 mg L−1) its permissible concentration in irrigation water (≤0.01 mg L−1). Ammonium bicarbonate–diethylene triamine pentaacetic acid NH4HCO3–DTPA) extractable Cd concentration in top 0.15 m soil ranged between 0.25 and 0.34 mg kg−1. Soil Cd concentration was significantly correlated with soil clay content, pH, electrical conductivity, and cation exchange capacity. Cadmium availability index (CDI) decreased with an increase in soil depth. The metal ion was found in leaf (0.17–0.24 mg kg−1 fresh weight) and fruit (0.07–0.18 mg kg−1 fresh weight) portions of all the sampled vegetables: bitter gourd (Momordica charantia L.), cauliflower (Brassica oleracea L.), eggplant (Solanum melongena L.), fenugreek (Trigonella foenumgraecum L.), okra [Abelmoschus esculentus (L.) Moench], onion (Allium cepa L.), pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L.), and spinach (Spinacia oleracea L.). Leafy tissue accumulated Cd about twice that of the fruit portion. Our results suggest that prolonged ingestion of sewage-irrigated leafy vegetables can develop such Cd levels in human body that may cause a number of illnesses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1010061711331
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  • 2
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    Wake-Field Excitations in a Multi-Component Dusty Plasma (2001)
    Institute of Physics
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0031-8949
    Electronic ISSN: 1402-4896
    Topics: Physics
    Published by Institute of Physics
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    PAPER CURRENT
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Electromagnetic ion-temperature-gradient modes and anomalous transport in a nonuniform magnetized plasma with equilibrium flows (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 1125-1131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The linear and nonlinear properties of electrostatic and electromagnetic waves in the presence of ion-temperature gradient, magnetic-field gradient, density gradient, and velocity gradients are examined. In the linear limit, a dispersion relation is obtained that admits new instabilities of drift waves. It is found that parallel velocity shear couples the electrostatic and magnetostatic modes and can cause an instability. An estimate of the anomalous ion energy transport and particle flux on the basis of mixing length hypothesis is made and the results are discussed for some interesting limiting cases. Furthermore, stationary solutions of the nonlinear equations without dissipation are also presented. The findings of the present investigation should be useful in understanding fluctuations and transport phenomena in space and laboratory plasmas. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873920
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy loss of a test charge in partially ionized dusty plasmas (2000)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 7 (2000), S. 762-765 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The energy loss of a test charge particle in an unmagnetized dusty plasma is estimated, by incorporating the dust–neutral collisions. A slowly damping large amplitude wake field is observed which moves ahead of the test charge position for large dust–neutral collision frequencies. A critical test charge velocity is determined for a particular dust–neutral collision frequency below which the test charge gains energy instead of losing. The collisions enhance the energy loss only for the test charge velocities greater than the dust acoustic speed. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873863
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of dust charge fluctuations on energy loss of a test dust charged particulate in a dusty plasma (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 1409-1414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The energy loss of a test charged particulate in an unmagnetized dusty plasma is calculated by employing the dusty dielectric response function which accounts for the dust charge fluctuation. It is found that the dust charge fluctuation introduces a new contribution to the energy loss, which enhances it for fast charge relaxation rates and reduces it for slow rates. In the energy loss curves drawn against the test charge velocity, some peaks are observed. These peaks diminish for large charge relaxation rates. Possible explanation for these peaks is also discussed. These results may be useful for understanding coagulation of dust grains in space and laboratory plasmas and for transport of dust particulates in the planetary rings. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873390
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Formation of vortex chains in a nonuniform magnetized electron plasma (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 3505-3507 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: It is shown that the equations governing the dynamics of weakly interacting medium-frequency electrostatic waves in a nonuniform magnetoplasma with a fixed ion background can have localized vortex chain solutions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870927
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Debye shielding distortion of dust grains in dusty plasmas (2002)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 9 (2002), S. 3629-3632 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The shielded potential and the energy loss of N2 projectiles propagating through a multicomponent dusty plasma are studied. Analytically general expressions have been obtained for the potential and for the energy loss, taking into account the two-body correlation effects. However, numerical calculations have been performed for one, three, and six projectiles, incorporating interference between two consecutive projectiles. It is found that the correlation effect causes distortion in the potential profile depending upon the separation between the two projectiles. The distortion becomes pronounced for separation smaller than the Debye length. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1491956
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Imaging of fusion reaction zone in plasma focus (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3188-3193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In a low energy (2.3 kJ) Mather-type deuterium plasma focus, neutron and charged particle emission is investigated by using time-resolved neutron detectors and time-integrated charged particle pinhole imaging camera. The time-integrated charged particle pinhole images demonstrate the varying influence of magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) instabilities vis-a-vis filling pressure. The neutron production mechanism at play strongly depends upon the pressure. At lower pressure, the plasma column is highly unstable due to MHD instabilities and the neutron emission is found to be low with fluence anisotropy exceeding 3.5. At optimum pressure (2.5 mbar for this system), an almost stable dense plasma of about 17 mm3 volume is formed about 5 mm away from the anode, with neutron emission at its highest and the fluence anisotropy lowest. At higher pressure, the plasma column is stable, although it moves away from the anode like a jet and may then be called a moving boiler. In this case, the neutron emission is lowered compared to its optimum value and fluence anisotropy is increased. The data suggest beam-target mechanism at low pressure, trapped gyrating particles at optimum pressure and a jetlike moving boiler at higher pressure. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873594
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Energy loss of charged projectiles in dusty plasmas (1998)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 5 (1998), S. 3581-3587 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The analytical and numerical results for the slowing down of two heavy projectile ions passing through a multicomponent dusty plasma are presented. Within the linear dielectric approach, the electrostatic potential and the stopping power of the two projectiles are computed for different values of KD (the normalized effective wave number) and R (the separation between the two projectiles) retaining two-ion-correlation effects. The enhancement in the energy loss is observed, and it is compared with that of a single ion projectile case. These results are useful to explain the crystallization of dust grains in astrophysical and laboratory plasmas. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873077
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nonlinear dynamics and anomalous energy transport in an electrostatic ion-temperature-gradient driven drift-dissipative mode (1999)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 6 (1999), S. 3571-3575 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: By using Braginskii transport equations for ions and Boltzmann distribution for electrons, a new system of nonlinear equations governing the dynamics of low-frequency, short-wavelength electrostatic waves in the presence of equilibrium density, temperature, magnetic field, and electrostatic potential gradients has been derived. New ion-temperature-gradient (ITG) driven drift-dissipative modes are shown to exist. An expression for anomalous ion energy transport caused by nonthermal electrostatic fluctuations is also derived. Furthermore, possible stationary solutions of the nonlinear system are obtained in the form of double vortex. On the other hand, the temporal behavior of newly derived nonlinear dissipative systems can be described by the generalized Lorenz–Stenflo equations which admit chaotic solutions. The results of the present investigation should be helpful for understanding the wave phenomena in space and tokamak plasmas. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.873616
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