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  • 1
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The assumed beta distribution model for the subgrid-scale probability density function (PDF) of the mixture fraction in large eddy simulation of nonpremixed, turbulent combustion is tested, a priori, for a reacting jet having significant heat release (density ratio of 5). The assumed beta distribution is tested as a model for both the subgrid-scale PDF and the subgrid-scale Favre PDF of the mixture fraction. The beta model is successful in approximating both types of PDF but is slightly more accurate in approximating the normal (non-Favre) PDF. To estimate the subgrid-scale variance of mixture fraction, which is required by the beta model, both a scale similarity model and a dynamic model are used. Predictions using the dynamic model are found to be more accurate. The beta model is used to predict the filtered value of a function chosen to resemble the reaction rate. When no model is used, errors in the predicted value are of the same order as the actual value. The beta model is found to reduce this error by about a factor of two, providing a significant improvement. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 10 (1998), S. 3041-3044 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamic procedure is applied to the problem of modeling the subgrid-scale variance and dissipation rate of a conserved scalar in large eddy simulations of turbulent reacting flows. A simple scaling relation for the subgrid-scale variance is proposed, and the coefficient of the scaling law is obtained using the dynamic procedure. The variance dissipation rate is modeled by assuming equilibrium with the local variance production rate, which is obtained using a dynamic model. Example model predictions are obtained using actual large eddy simulation data, and the subgrid variance predicted by the dynamic model is compared to results obtained using a scale similarity model. Generalization of the approach to multiple scalars and nonconserved scalars is briefly discussed. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 14 (2002), S. 2043-2051 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The efficacy of large-eddy simulation (LES) with wall modeling for complex turbulent flows is assessed by considering turbulent boundary-layer flows past an asymmetric trailing-edge. Wall models based on turbulent boundary-layer equations and their simpler variants are employed to compute the instantaneous wall shear stress, which is used as approximate boundary conditions for the LES. It is demonstrated that, as first noted by Cabot and Moin [Flow Turb. Combust. 63, 269 (2000)], when a Reynolds-averaged Navier–Stokes type eddy viscosity is used in the wall-layer equations with nonlinear convective terms, its value must be reduced to account for only the unresolved part of the Reynolds stress. A dynamically adjusted mixing-length eddy viscosity is used in the turbulent boundary-layer equation model, which is shown to be considerably more accurate than the simpler wall models based on the instantaneous log law. This method predicts low-order velocity statistics in good agreement with those from the full LES with resolved wall-layers, at a small fraction of the original computational cost. In particular, the unsteady separation near the trailing-edge is captured correctly, and the prediction of surface pressure fluctuations also shows promise. © 2002 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 12 (2000), S. 403-417 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Flow over a circular cylinder at Reynolds number 3900 is studied numerically using the technique of large eddy simulation. The computations are carried out with a high-order accurate numerical method based on B-splines and compared with previous upwind-biased and central finite-difference simulations and with the existing experimental data. In the very near wake, all three simulations are in agreement with each other. Farther downstream, the results of the B-spline computations are in better agreement with the hot-wire experiment of Ong and Wallace [Exp. Fluids 20, 441–453 (1996)] than those obtained in the finite-difference simulations. In particular, the power spectra of velocity fluctuations are in excellent agreement with the experimental data. The impact of numerical resolution on the shear layer transition is investigated. © 2000 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 4 (1992), S. 1521-1530 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: For the numerical simulation of inhomogeneous turbulent flows, a method is developed for generating stochastic inflow boundary conditions with a prescribed power spectrum. Turbulence statistics from spatial simulations using this method with a low fluctuation Mach number are in excellent agreement with the experimental data, which validates the procedure. Turbulence statistics from spatial simulations are also compared to those from temporal simulations using Taylor's hypothesis. Statistics such as turbulence intensity, vorticity, and velocity derivative skewness compare favorably with the temporal simulation. However, the statistics of dilatation show a significant departure from those obtained in the temporal simulation. To directly check the applicability of Taylor's hypothesis, space-time correlations of fluctuations in velocity, vorticity, and dilatation are investigated. Convection velocities based on vorticity and velocity fluctuations are computed as functions of the spatial and temporal separations. The profile of the space-time correlation of dilatation fluctuations is explained via a wave propagation model.
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1892-1896 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The effect of longitudinal riblet surfaces on viscous drag in fully developed laminar channel flows was investigated. Unlike turbulent flows, drag reduction was not obtained in the laminar flows. Results were independent of Reynolds number. Wall-shear rates on most regions of the cross-sectional perimeter of riblets were smaller than that of corresponding plane channel flow even though the net drag was increased.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 7 (1995), S. 606-616 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamic localization model is a recently developed method that allows one to compute rather than prescribe the unknown coefficients in a subgrid scale model as a function of position at each time-step. A realistic subgrid scale model should describe both the direct and reverse (backscatter) energy transfers at the local level. A previously developed dynamic localization model accounted for backscatter by means of a (deterministic) eddy viscosity that could locally assume positive as well as negative values. Here this paper presents an alternative stochastic model of backscatter in the context of the dynamic procedure. A comparative discussion of the merits of stochastic versus deterministic modeling of backscatter is presented. These models are applied to a large eddy simulation of isotropic decaying and forced turbulence. Tests are also performed with versions of the model that do not account for backscatter. The results are compared to experiments and direct numerical simulation. It is shown that the models correctly predict the energy and three-dimensional (3D) energy spectra in decaying turbulence. In the forced case the Kolmogorov 5/3 law seems better predicted by models accounting for backscatter. A relative evaluation of the various versions of the model in terms of predictive capability and cost is provided. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 2 (1990), S. 1450-1460 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A database obtained by direct numerical simulation of turbulent channel flow was used to compute the three-dimensional frequency/wave-number spectrum of wall-pressure fluctuations. The spectrum was used to deduce scaling laws for pressure fluctuations and to evaluate the similarity form for the power spectrum. The convection velocity as a function of frequency, wave number, and spatial and temporal separations was calculated and compared with the experimental data. The problem of artificial "acoustics'' in numerical simulation of incompressible flows is discussed.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 1760-1765 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: One major drawback of the eddy viscosity subgrid-scale stress models used in large-eddy simulations is their inability to represent correctly with a single universal constant different turbulent fields in rotating or sheared flows, near solid walls, or in transitional regimes. In the present work a new eddy viscosity model is presented which alleviates many of these drawbacks. The model coefficient is computed dynamically as the calculation progresses rather than input a priori. The model is based on an algebraic identity between the subgrid-scale stresses at two different filtered levels and the resolved turbulent stresses. The subgrid-scale stresses obtained using the proposed model vanish in laminar flow and at a solid boundary, and have the correct asymptotic behavior in the near-wall region of a turbulent boundary layer. The results of large-eddy simulations of transitional and turbulent channel flow that use the proposed model are in good agreement with the direct simulation data.
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New York, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 3 (1991), S. 657-664 
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The existence of eddy shocklets in three-dimensional compressible turbulence is controversial. To investigate the occurrence of eddy shocklets, numerical simulations of temporally decaying isotropic turbulence are conducted. Dilatation statistics from simulations with different initial fluctuation Mach numbers, Mt, show that dilatation is more intermittent and more negatively skewed for higher Mt. By studying instantaneous flow fields, shocklets are found and verified to have all the characteristics of a typical shock wave, such as proper jumps in pressure and density along with a local entropy peak inside the high-compression zone. Although overall compressible dissipation contributes to less than one-tenth of the total dissipation, compressible dissipation around shocklets is about an order of magnitude larger than typical values of incompressible dissipation. In the zones of eddy shocklets, pressure is highly correlated with dilatation to convert kinetic energy into internal energy. These mechanisms near shocklets should be accounted for in phenomenological modeling for highly compressible turbulence. Three-dimensional turbulence is found to be less sensitive to the initial compressibility, and requires higher initial Mt for eddy shocklets to form than for two-dimensional turbulence. Higher Mt and higher Reynolds number are found to increase the probability of shocklet occurrence.
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