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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2001-12-26
    Description: Stem cells generate many differentiated, short-lived cell types, such as blood, skin, and sperm, throughout adult life. Stem cells maintain a long-term capacity to divide, producing daughter cells that either self-renew or initiate differentiation. Although the surrounding microenvironment or "niche" influences stem cell fate decisions, few signals that emanate from the niche to specify stem cell self-renewal have been identified. Here we demonstrate that the apical hub cells in the Drosophila testis act as a cellular niche that supports stem cell self-renewal. Hub cells express the ligand Unpaired (Upd), which activates the Janus kinase-signal transducer and activator of transcription (JAK-STAT) pathway in adjacent germ cells to specify self-renewal and continual maintenance of the germ line stem cell population.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Kiger, A A -- Jones, D L -- Schulz, C -- Rogers, M B -- Fuller, M T -- GM07790-22/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD07493/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- P01-DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM078176/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Dec 21;294(5551):2542-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11752574" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Cell Lineage ; Cues ; DNA-Binding Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Drosophila/cytology/embryology/genetics/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/*physiology ; Glycoproteins/*metabolism ; Janus Kinases ; Ligands ; Male ; Mutation ; Protein-Tyrosine Kinases/genetics/*metabolism ; STAT Transcription Factors ; Signal Transduction ; Spermatocytes/cytology/physiology ; Spermatogenesis ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Testis/cytology/metabolism ; Trans-Activators/genetics/*metabolism ; *Transcription Factors
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2008-10-17
    Description: Asymmetric division of adult stem cells generates one self-renewing stem cell and one differentiating cell, thereby maintaining tissue homeostasis. A decline in stem cell function has been proposed to contribute to tissue ageing, although the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. Here we show that changes in the stem cell orientation with respect to the niche during ageing contribute to the decline in spermatogenesis in the male germ line of Drosophila. Throughout the cell cycle, centrosomes in germline stem cells (GSCs) are oriented within their niche and this ensures asymmetric division. We found that GSCs containing misoriented centrosomes accumulate with age and that these GSCs are arrested or delayed in the cell cycle. The cell cycle arrest is transient, and GSCs appear to re-enter the cell cycle on correction of centrosome orientation. On the basis of these findings, we propose that cell cycle arrest associated with centrosome misorientation functions as a mechanism to ensure asymmetric stem cell division, and that the inability of stem cells to maintain correct orientation during ageing contributes to the decline in spermatogenesis. We also show that some of the misoriented GSCs probably originate from dedifferentiation of spermatogonia.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712891/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2712891/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Cheng, Jun -- Turkel, Nezaket -- Hemati, Nahid -- Fuller, Margaret T -- Hunt, Alan J -- Yamashita, Yukiko M -- P01 DK053074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK053074-060004/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM072006-05/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080501/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080501-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM080501-02/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086481/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM086481-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01GM072006/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2008 Dec 4;456(7222):599-604. doi: 10.1038/nature07386. Epub 2008 Oct 15.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Biomedical Engineering, Center for Ultrafast Optical Science, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan 48109, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/18923395" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Aging/*physiology ; Animals ; Cell Dedifferentiation ; Cell Division ; Centrosome/*metabolism ; Drosophila melanogaster/*cytology ; Male ; Mitosis ; *Spermatogenesis ; Spermatozoa/*cytology ; Stem Cells/*cytology ; Testis/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 3
    Publication Date: 2007-04-21
    Description: Drosophila male and female germline stem cells (GSCs) are sustained by niches and regulatory pathways whose common principles serve as models for understanding mammalian stem cells. Despite striking cellular and genetic similarities that suggest a common evolutionary origin, however, male and female GSCs also display important differences. Comparing these two stem cells and their niches in detail is likely to reveal how a common heritage has been adapted to the differing requirements of male and female gamete production.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Fuller, Margaret T -- Spradling, Allan C -- P01DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- R01GM61986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- Howard Hughes Medical Institute/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Apr 20;316(5823):402-4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17446390" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Animals ; Cell Adhesion ; Cell Differentiation ; Cell Division ; Centrosome/physiology ; Drosophila/*cytology/*physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/physiology ; Female ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Male ; Ovary/cytology ; Sex Characteristics ; Signal Transduction ; Testis/cytology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 4
    Publication Date: 2007-01-27
    Description: Adult stem cells often divide asymmetrically to produce one self-renewed stem cell and one differentiating cell, thus maintaining both populations. The asymmetric outcome of stem cell divisions can be specified by an oriented spindle and local self-renewal signals from the stem cell niche. Here we show that developmentally programmed asymmetric behavior and inheritance of mother and daughter centrosomes underlies the stereotyped spindle orientation and asymmetric outcome of stem cell divisions in the Drosophila male germ line. The mother centrosome remains anchored near the niche while the daughter centrosome migrates to the opposite side of the cell before spindle formation.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563045/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2563045/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamashita, Yukiko M -- Mahowald, Anthony P -- Perlin, Julie R -- Fuller, Margaret T -- P01 DK053074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P01 DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2007 Jan 26;315(5811):518-21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA. yukikomy@umich.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17255513" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adherens Junctions/ultrastructure ; Animals ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Centrioles/physiology ; Centrosome/*physiology/ultrastructure ; Drosophila Proteins/analysis/genetics ; Drosophila melanogaster ; Germ Cells/*cytology/physiology ; Interphase ; Male ; Microtubules/physiology/ultrastructure ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/analysis ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; Stem Cells/*cytology/physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2005-11-08
    Description: Polycomb transcriptional silencing machinery is implicated in the maintenance of precursor fates, but how this repression is reversed to allow cell differentiation is unknown. Here we show that testis-specific TAF (TBP-associated factor) homologs required for terminal differentiation of male germ cells may activate target gene expression in part by counteracting repression by Polycomb. Chromatin immunoprecipitation revealed that testis TAFs bind to target promoters, reduce Polycomb binding, and promote local accumulation of H3K4me3, a mark of Trithorax action. Testis TAFs also promoted relocalization of Polycomb Repression Complex 1 components to the nucleolus in spermatocytes, implicating subnuclear architecture in the regulation of terminal differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Chen, Xin -- Hiller, Mark -- Sancak, Yasemin -- Fuller, Margaret T -- 1RO1GM61986/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2005 Nov 4;310(5749):869-72.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Departments of Developmental Biology and Genetics, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16272126" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Cell Differentiation ; Cell Nucleolus/metabolism ; Chromatin Immunoprecipitation ; Drosophila/*cytology/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; *Gene Expression Regulation, Developmental ; Male ; Polycomb Repressive Complex 1 ; *Promoter Regions, Genetic ; Protein Binding ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins/metabolism ; Spermatocytes/*cytology/*metabolism ; Spermatogenesis ; TATA-Binding Protein Associated Factors/*metabolism ; Testis/metabolism ; Transcription, Genetic
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2003-09-13
    Description: Stem cell self-renewal can be specified by local signals from the surrounding microenvironment, or niche. However, the relation between the niche and the mechanisms that ensure the correct balance between stem cell self-renewal and differentiation is poorly understood. Here, we show that dividing Drosophila male germline stem cells use intracellular mechanisms involving centrosome function and cortically localized Adenomatous Polyposis Coli tumor suppressor protein to orient mitotic spindles perpendicular to the niche, ensuring a reliably asymmetric outcome in which one daughter cell remains in the niche and self-renews stem cell identity, whereas the other, displaced away, initiates differentiation.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Yamashita, Yukiko M -- Jones, D Leanne -- Fuller, Margaret T -- 1P01 DK53074/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Sep 12;301(5639):1547-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Developmental Biology, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305-5329, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12970569" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; *Arabidopsis Proteins ; Cadherins/metabolism ; Calcium-Binding Proteins/*metabolism ; Cell Count ; Cell Differentiation ; *Cell Division ; Cell Polarity ; Centrosome/*physiology ; Cytoskeletal Proteins/metabolism ; Drosophila/*cytology/genetics/physiology ; Drosophila Proteins/*metabolism ; Germ Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Homeodomain Proteins/genetics/physiology ; Male ; Mutation ; Spindle Apparatus/physiology ; Stem Cells/cytology/*physiology ; Testis/cytology ; Trans-Activators/metabolism ; Tubulin/metabolism ; Tumor Suppressor Proteins/*metabolism ; beta Catenin
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
    Publication Date: 2012-10-22
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 8
    Publication Date: 2012-11-08
    Description: Adult stem cells are believed to be maintained by a specialized microenvironment, the niche, which provides short-range signals that either instruct stem cells to self-renew or inhibit execution of preprogrammed differentiation pathways. In Drosophila testes, somatic cyst stem cells (CySCs) and the apical hub form the niche for neighboring germline...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 9
    Publication Date: 2017-05-19
    Description: To selectively express cell type–specific transcripts during development, it is critical to maintain genes required for other lineages in a silent state. Here, we show in the Drosophila male germline stem cell lineage that a spermatocyte-specific zinc finger protein, Kumgang (Kmg), working with the chromatin remodeler dMi-2 prevents transcription of genes normally expressed only in somatic lineages. By blocking transcription from normally cryptic promoters, Kmg restricts activation by Aly, a component of the testis-meiotic arrest complex, to transcripts for male germ cell differentiation. Our results suggest that as new regions of the genome become open for transcription during terminal differentiation, blocking the action of a promiscuous activator on cryptic promoters is a critical mechanism for specifying precise gene activation.
    Keywords: Development
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
    Publication Date: 2009-02-25
    Print ISSN: 0737-4038
    Electronic ISSN: 1537-1719
    Topics: Biology
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