Publication Date:
2012-10-30
Description:
Dopamine is synonymous with reward and motivation in mammals. However, only recently has dopamine been linked to motivated behaviour and rewarding reinforcement in fruitflies. Instead, octopamine has historically been considered to be the signal for reward in insects. Here we show, using temporal control of neural function in Drosophila, that only short-term appetitive memory is reinforced by octopamine. Moreover, octopamine-dependent memory formation requires signalling through dopamine neurons. Part of the octopamine signal requires the alpha-adrenergic-like OAMB receptor in an identified subset of mushroom-body-targeted dopamine neurons. Octopamine triggers an increase in intracellular calcium in these dopamine neurons, and their direct activation can substitute for sugar to form appetitive memory, even in flies lacking octopamine. Analysis of the beta-adrenergic-like OCTbeta2R receptor reveals that octopamine-dependent reinforcement also requires an interaction with dopamine neurons that control appetitive motivation. These data indicate that sweet taste engages a distributed octopamine signal that reinforces memory through discrete subsets of mushroom-body-targeted dopamine neurons. In addition, they reconcile previous findings with octopamine and dopamine and suggest that reinforcement systems in flies are more similar to mammals than previously thought.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528794/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3528794/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Burke, Christopher J -- Huetteroth, Wolf -- Owald, David -- Perisse, Emmanuel -- Krashes, Michael J -- Das, Gaurav -- Gohl, Daryl -- Silies, Marion -- Certel, Sarah -- Waddell, Scott -- 090309/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- 090924/Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- F32EY020040/EY/NEI NIH HHS/ -- MH069883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- MH081982/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH069883/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- R01 MH081982/MH/NIMH NIH HHS/ -- Wellcome Trust/United Kingdom -- England -- Nature. 2012 Dec 20;492(7429):433-7. doi: 10.1038/nature11614. Epub 2012 Oct 28.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Neurobiology, University of Massachusetts Medical School, 364 Plantation Street, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23103875" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
Keywords:
Animals
;
Appetitive Behavior/drug effects
;
Calcium Signaling/drug effects
;
Conditioning (Psychology)/drug effects/physiology
;
Dopamine/*metabolism/pharmacology
;
Dopaminergic Neurons/drug effects/metabolism
;
Drosophila Proteins/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
;
Drosophila melanogaster/drug effects/*metabolism
;
Female
;
Male
;
Memory, Short-Term/drug effects/physiology
;
Motivation/drug effects/physiology
;
Mushroom Bodies/cytology/drug effects/metabolism
;
Octopamine/*metabolism/pharmacology
;
Receptors, Neurotransmitter/deficiency/genetics/metabolism
;
*Reward
;
*Signal Transduction/drug effects
;
Taste/drug effects/physiology
Print ISSN:
0028-0836
Electronic ISSN:
1476-4687
Topics:
Biology
,
Chemistry and Pharmacology
,
Medicine
,
Natural Sciences in General
,
Physics
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