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  • 1
    Publication Date: 2013-09-10
    Description: In this study, we investigate the seismic wave attenuation beneath Sikkim Himalaya using P , S and coda waves from 68 local earthquakes registered by eight broad-band stations of the SIKKIM network. The attenuation quality factor ( Q ) depends on frequency as well as lapse time and depth. The value of Q varies from (i) 141 to 639 for P waves, (ii) 143 to 1108 for S waves and (iii) 274 to 1678 for coda waves, at central frequencies of 1.5 Hz and 9 Hz, respectively. The relations that govern the attenuation versus frequency dependence are Q α  = (96 ± 0.9) f (0.94 ± 0.01) , Q β  = (100 ± 1.4) f (1.16 ± 0.01) and Q c  = (189 ± 1.5) f (1.2 ± 0.01) for P , S and coda waves, respectively. The ratio between Q β and Q α is larger than unity, implying larger attenuation of P compared to S waves. Also, the values of Q c are higher than Q β . Estimation of the relative contribution of intrinsic ( Q i ) and scattering ( Q s ) attenuation reveals that the former mechanism is dominant in Sikkim Himalaya. We note that the estimates of Q c lie in between Q i and Q s and are very close to Q i at lower frequencies. This is in agreement with the theoretical and laboratory experiments. The strong frequency and depth dependence of the attenuation quality factor suggests a highly heterogeneous crust in the Sikkim Himalaya. Also, the high Q values estimated for this region compared to the other segments of Himalaya can be reconciled in terms of moderate seismic activity, unlike rest of the Himalaya, which is seismically more active.
    Print ISSN: 0956-540X
    Electronic ISSN: 1365-246X
    Topics: Geosciences
    Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of The Deutsche Geophysikalische Gesellschaft (DGG) and the Royal Astronomical Society (RAS).
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  • 2
    Publication Date: 2017-05-31
    Description: The northwestern Deccan volcanic province in India is one of the most seismically active intraplate regions of the world. In addition, the region is associated with episodic swarm activity and reports of sounds, whose linkage hitherto remains elusive. During the month of January 2016, a swarm activity occurred in the Kachchh and Saurashtra regions and continued for about two months. Many of the events were accompanied by audible sounds, like blasting, that caused severe panic among local residents, prompting us to investigate the causative mechanism. The events were recorded by our seismic stations and an additional five stations that we were able to deploy at the onset of the swarm. The activity produced sounds with good energy in the audible frequency range of humans. Spectrogram analysis of the events with associated sounds revealed frequencies ≥20 Hz, in contrast to the lower frequencies for those that did not generate the sounds. In addition to the higher frequencies, we observed horizontal particle motion that was dominated by retrograde elliptical motion consistent with Rayleigh waves. These observations were not recorded from any of the events that did not generate sounds. Audible sounds generated by earthquakes are consistently reported from shallow earthquakes that generate high-frequency surface waves.
    Print ISSN: 0037-1106
    Electronic ISSN: 1943-3573
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
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  • 3
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    In:  Tectonophys., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 253, no. 42, pp. 155-165, pp. L24312, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1996
    Keywords: Moment tensor ; Seismology ; Tectonics ; Fault plane solution, focal mechanism
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  • 4
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    In:  Phys. Earth Plan. Int., Basel, Elsevier Science Publishers, vol. 90, no. 42, pp. 75-80, pp. L24312, (ISSN: 1340-4202)
    Publication Date: 1995
    Keywords: Seismicity ; Hypocentral depth ; Plate tectonics ; Moment tensor ; Seismology ; PEPI
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  • 5
    Publication Date: 2019
    Description: 〈p〉Technologies that define the atomic-level structure of neutralization-sensitive epitopes on viral surface proteins are transforming vaccinology and guiding new vaccine development approaches. Previously, iterative rounds of protein engineering were performed to preserve the prefusion conformation of the respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) fusion (F) glycoprotein, resulting in a stabilized subunit vaccine candidate (DS-Cav1), which showed promising results in mice and macaques. Here, phase I human immunogenicity data reveal a more than 10-fold boost in neutralizing activity in serum from antibodies targeting prefusion-specific surfaces of RSV F. These findings represent a clinical proof of concept for structure-based vaccine design, suggest that development of a successful RSV vaccine will be feasible, and portend an era of precision vaccinology.〈/p〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
    Publication Date: 2019-11-04
    Description: This paper presents the results of an exercise carried out under GSHAP, over India and adjoining regions bound by 0°N-40°N and 65°E-100°E. A working catalogue of main shocks was prepared by merging the local catalogues with the NOAA catalogue, and removing duplicates, aftershocks and earthquakes without any magnitude. Eighty six potential seismic source zones were delineated based on the major tectonic features and seismicity trends. Using the probabilistic hazard assessment approach of McGuire, adopted by GSHAP, the Peak Ground Accelerations (PGA) were computed for 10% probability of exceedance in 50 years, at locations defined by a grid of 0.5° x 0.5°. Since no reliable estimates of attenuation values are available for the Indian region, the attenuation relation of Joyner and Boore (1981) was used. The PGA values over the grid points were contoured to obtain a seismic hazard map. The hazard map depicts that a majority of the Northern Indian plate boundary region and the Tibetan plateau region have hazard level of the order of 0.25 g with prominent highs of the order of 0.35-0.4 g in the seismically more active zones like the Burmese arc, Northeastern India and Hindukush region. In the Indian shield, the regional seismic hazard, covering a major area, is of the order of 0.05-0.1 g whereas some areas like Koyna depict hazard to the level of 0.2 g. The present map can be converted into a conventional seismic zoning map having four zones with zone factors of 0.1 g, 0.2 g, 0.3 g and 0.4 g respectively.
    Description: JCR Journal
    Description: open
    Keywords: Seismic hazard assessment ; India ; China ; UN/IDNDR ; earthquake ; continental collision ; active tectonics ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.99. General or miscellaneous ; 04. Solid Earth::04.06. Seismology::04.06.11. Seismic risk
    Repository Name: Istituto Nazionale di Geofisica e Vulcanologia (INGV)
    Type: article
    Format: 4023660 bytes
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 41 (1989), S. 87-97 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary Monthly mean surface fields of different meteorological parameters and evaporation are studied for the 1979 (poor monsoon) and 1983 (good monsoon) monsoon seasons over the Arabian Sea, in order to understand the role of evaporation on the Indian monsoon rainfall. It is noticed that in general, the sea surface temperatures are higher in 1983 throughout the monsoon season than in 1979 in the Arabian Sea excepting western region. The mean rates of evaporation on a seasonal scale are found to be equal in both years (3.66×1010 and 3.59×1010 tons/day in 1979 and 1983, respectively). No coherence is observed between the evaporation and the west coast rainfall within a season. It is also noted that the pressure distribution over the Arabian Sea is even important to advect the moisture towards the west coast of India, through winds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Meteorology and atmospheric physics 70 (1999), S. 201-213 
    ISSN: 1436-5065
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geography , Physics
    Notes: Summary  The role of the cross equatorial flow from the southern Indian Ocean on the Indian Summer monsoon is examined using the National Centre for Environmental Prediction (NCEP)/National Centre for Atmospheric Research (NCAR) data for the period January 1982 to December 1994. A comparison of NCEP/NCAR data with the satellite data retrieved from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) sensor onboard the Defense Meteorological Satellite Program (DMSP) exhibited a negative bias for the wind speeds greater than 4 m/s. whereas in the case of specific humidity, SSMI values exhibited a positive bias and the precipitable water derived from the satellite data exhibited a negative bias. The NCEP reanalysis is able to depict the mean annual cycle of both the cross equatorial flow and moisture flow into the Indian subcontinent during the monsoon season, but it fails to depict these differences during excess (1983, 1988, 1994) and deficit monsoon (1982, 1986, 1987) composites. Further, it is seen that inter hemispheric flow far exceeds the excess moisture available over the Arabian Sea indicating that it is the cross equatorial flow which decides the fate of the Indian summer monsoon.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 51 (1990), S. 199-209 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The evaporation rates over the Arabian Sea (AS) for the summer monsoon months (June to September) of 1987 have been computed using the bulk-aerodynamic formula. The satellite derived precipitation from the INSAT-1B VHRR (Very High Resolution Radiometer) sensor operating in the wavelength 10.5–12.5 Μm has been used for computing the precipitation over the AS. The net water vapour flux divergence (NFD) over AS has been computed as the difference between evaporation and precipitation. The estimates being -0.02 × 1010, 2.55 × 1010, 0.70 × 1010 and 0.44 × 1010 tons/day respectively for the months June, July, August and September. The NFD over AS was found to be positively and significantly correlated with the mean monsoon rainfall along the west coast of India.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Boundary layer meteorology 51 (1990), S. 299-312 
    ISSN: 1573-1472
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The computed long-term annual mean and intramonthly variances of air and sea surface temperature, wind stress, effective radiation at the surface, heat gain over the ocean and the total heat loss for the tropical Indian Ocean between 30 °N and 30 °S are presented. These estimates, which are based on about one million weather reports for the period 1948–1972, indicate a mean annual meridional heat transport in agreement with previous estimates in direction though different in magnitude. The annual mean E-P chart shows that the Bay of Bengal region is highly conducive to large-scale convergence.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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