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  • 1
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    Pre-evaluation method for the spectroscopic properties of YAG bulk materials by sol-gel synthetic powder (2011)
    Institute of Physics (IOP)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-05-20
    Description: The sol-gel synthetic powder evaluation method is the most effective and the easiest technique for pre-evaluating the spectroscopic properties of luminescent impurity doped YAG. The luminescent elements doped sol-gel powder agrees well with that of a single crystal or ceramic YAG regarding the luminescent spectra, the intensity, and the lifetime, even though the powder sintered at a low temperature of 1100°C in comparison with the YAG crystal melting point of 1970°C, because a good crystallinity of the sol-gel powder is led by the hard agglomerates of very small primary particles. It is considered that the significance of this method is to apply for not only of YAG but also of other oxides, for instance Y 2 O 3 , ZrO 2 , TiO 2 , and MgAl 2 O 4
    Print ISSN: 1757-8981
    Electronic ISSN: 1757-899X
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Published by Institute of Physics (IOP)
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  • 2
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    Inhibition of FKBP rotamase activity by immunosuppressant FK506: twisted amide surrogate (1990)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1990-05-18
    Description: The immunosuppressive agents cyclosporin A and FK506 inhibit the transcription of early T cell activation genes. The binding proteins for cyclosporin A and FK506, cyclophilin and FKBP, respectively, are peptidyl-prolyl-cis-trans isomerases, or rotamases. One proposed mechanism for rotamase catalysis by cyclophilin involves a tetrahedral adduct of an amide carbonyl and an enzyme-bound nucleophile. The potent FKBP rotamase inhibitor FK506 has a highly electrophilic carbonyl that is adjacent to an acyl-pipicolinyl (homoprolyl) amide bond. Such a functional group would be expected to form a stabilized, enzyme-bound tetrahedral adduct. Spectroscopic and chemical evidence reveals that the drug interacts noncovalently with its receptor, suggesting that the alpha-keto amid of FK506 serves as a surrogate for the twisted amide of a bound peptide substrate.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Rosen, M K -- Standaert, R F -- Galat, A -- Nakatsuka, M -- Schreiber, S L -- GM-38627/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1990 May 18;248(4957):863-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Chemistry, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA 02138.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1693013" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Isomerases/*antagonists & inhibitors ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/metabolism/*pharmacology ; Binding Sites ; Carrier Proteins/antagonists & inhibitors/metabolism ; Chemical Phenomena ; Chemistry ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cyclosporins/metabolism/pharmacology ; Escherichia coli/genetics ; Gene Expression ; *Immunosuppressive Agents ; Lymphocyte Activation ; Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ; Molecular Structure ; Peptidylprolyl Isomerase ; Recombinant Proteins ; T-Lymphocytes/immunology ; Tacrolimus
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Soft x-ray spectra of highly ionized elements with atomic numbers ranging from 57 to 82 produced by compact lasers (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 1923-1930 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray emission spectra in the spectral range of 2–13 nm from 19 kinds of material with high atomic numbers (lanthanum through lead) were recorded with a grazing incidence spectrometer equipped with a microchannel plate detector. There is an intense, narrow spectral band in these spectra which shifts toward shorter wavelength and becomes weak in intensity with increasing atomic number. The materials were irradiated either by a 4 J/35 ns slab Nd:glass laser or by a 0.5 J/8 ns Nd:YAG laser. The absolute photon intensities of the spectra were determined with an absolutely calibrated charge coupled device camera. The peak spectral brightness of the emission at the peak intensity of the spectral band for lanthanum plasma was estimated to be 2.1×1016 photons/s/mm2/mrad2 in 0.1% bandwidth. The origin of the narrow, intense spectral bands in the recorded spectra and their dependence on target materials and laser wavelength are interpreted.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356339
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Line x-ray emissions from highly ionized plasmas of various species irradiated by compact solid-state lasers (1992)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 72 (1992), S. 3355-3362 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: X-ray emissions in the spectral range of 2–13 nm from 21 kinds of material (carbon through tin) irradiated either by a 4 J/35 ns slab Nd:glass laser or by a 0.5 J/8 ns Nd:YAG laser were recorded with a grazing incidence spectrometer equipped with a microchannel plate detector. The absolute photon intensities of the spectra from these materials were determined. The variation of the molybdenum spectrum with laser irradiance was also investigated. Finally, the spectra ranging from 2 to 13 nm produced by the Nd:YAG laser of both the fundamental (1.06 μm) and its second-harmonic (0.53 μm) wavelengths are compared.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.351457
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spectrally dispersed amplified spontaneous emission for improving irradiation uniformity into high power Nd:glass laser system (1993)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 73 (1993), S. 2122-2131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) from Nd:glass has been introduced into the high power twelve beam Nd:glass laser system, Gekko XII for obtaining smooth intensity distribution of a focused beam. The angular dispersion of an ASE spectrum with large beam divergence was adopted for efficient beam smoothing without significant reduction of the harmonic conversion efficiency. Temporal evolution of the beam smoothing was evaluated as a function of the beam divergence by using a statistical model of speckle. In Gekko XII, the spectral width and beam divergence of ASE were controlled in a range of 0.4 to 0.6 nm and 6 to 22 times diffraction limited, respectively. Final output energy of 1.3 kJ/beam in a 2.2 ns duration was demonstrated without significant gain reduction and spectral narrowing. The doubling efficiency of 50% was obtained at a low intensity region of around 0.3 GW/cm2 by matching the angular dispersion of spectrum to that of phase matching condition of a frequency conversion crystal. The speckle structures in the focused beam pattern measured at the equivalent target plane were greatly smoothed out due to the introduced angular dispersion of spectrum and the large beam divergence. The standard deviation of the intensity distribution of the focused beam pattern was estimated to be 3.3%.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.353159
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Recent progress in laser fusion research at Osaka University: Uniformity and stability issuesf| (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Plasmas 1 (1994), S. 1653-1661 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7674
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Improvement of laser irradiation uniformity in the Gekko XII system [IEEE J. Quantum Electron. QE-17, 1639 (1981)], both single beam pattern and power balance, is discussed. Substantial reduction of laser absorption nonuniformity is obtained for spherical harmonic modes greater than 15 by introducing spectrally dispersed amplified spontaneous emission. No perturbation growth is observed in flat foils accelerated by spectrally dispersed amplified spontaneous emission. Dependences of laser absorption uniformity on beam pattern and power imbalance are investigated in detail. The design goal of the power imbalance in the precision Gekko XII system is 3% in peak to valley, and laser absorption nonuniformity is estimated to be a few percent. Growth of hydrodynamic instabilities is analyzed for high convergence ratio implosions in the precision Gekko XII system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.870667
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Stimulated Raman scattering in cannonball targets (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 30 (1987), S. 3276-3282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Stimulated Raman scattering (SRS) in cannonball targets was experimentally investigated. Above the observed threshold laser intensity, the energy conversion to superhot electrons (E=100–800 keV) shows an increase of five orders of magnitude without saturation. Major differences in observing SRS from cannonball targets and directly driven targets lie in the background electron temperature and the electron plasma density where SRS occurs. A simple model calculation is presented and is compared with the data to infer coronal temperatures. The electron density ranges from 5×1019 to 3×1020 cm−3 and the coronal temperature is 0.2 keV for cannonball targets including cavity targets, while the density ranges from 3×1020 to 6×1020 cm−3 and the temperature is 1 keV for the directly driven target. The generation efficiency of SRS light is strongly correlated with superhot electron generation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866504
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scalings of implosion experiments for high neutron yield (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Physics of Fluids 31 (1988), S. 2884-2893 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7666
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A series of experiments focused on high neutron yield has been performed with the Gekko-XII green laser system [Nucl. Fusion 27, 19 (1987)]. Deuterium–tritium (DT) neutron yield of 1013 and pellet gain of 0.2% have been achieved. Based on the experimental data from more than 70 irradiations, the scaling laws of the neutron yield and the related physical quantities have been studied. Comparison of the experimental neutron yield with that obtained by using a one-dimensional fluid code has led to the conclusion that most of the neutrons produced in the stagnation phase of the computation are not observed in the experiment because of fuel–pusher mixing, possibly induced by the Rayleigh–Taylor instability. The coupling efficiency and ablation pressure have been calculated using the ion temperature measured experimentally. A coupling efficiency of 5.5% and an ablation pressure of 50 Mbar have been obtained.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.866997
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    X-ray and particle diagnostics of a high-density plasma by laser implosion (invited) : Eighth topical conference on high−temperature plasma diagnostics (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3235-3240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: A series of laser fusion implosion experiments of plastic hollow shell targets was performed by using the Gekko XII glass laser in order to achieve the required fuel areal density for ignition. Introducing random phase plates to improve illumination uniformity, high-density compression of more than 600 times deuterium liquid density has been achieved. The implosion dynamics and symmetry were observed with a spatially resolved x-ray streak camera and an x-ray multiframing camera. The three-dimensional emission profile of the laser-heated plasma was reconstructed from the x-ray images by use of computed tomography and was compared with the laser illumination profiles. The areal density of the imploded core was measured by the neutron activation of a silicon tracer, the secondary reaction method, and the knock-on proton method. Although the measured density and areal density were consistent with those from 1-D hydrodynamic simulation, experimental neutron yields were significantly lower than those predicted by the simulation for convergence ratios larger than 20. This suggests that better implosion uniformity is required to create a hot spark.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1141654
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Radiochemistry and secondary reactions for the diagnostics of laser-driven fusion plasmas (1986)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 57 (1986), S. 1731-1733 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Radiochemical measurements have been developed for the diagnostics of laser-driven implosion plasmas. The excellent calibration for neutron-yield measurement has been done using β-γ coincidence technique. The multiactivable tracer method has been examined for measuring the pusher areal density by means of a high-purity germanium detector. The first experimental success of the secondary nuclear fusion reaction method is also demonstrated for the direct measurement of the fuel ρR.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1138562
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