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Constitutive mu-opioid receptor activity leads to long-term endogenous analgesia and dependence (2013)

G. Corder ; S. Doolen ; R. R. Donahue ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 341(6152): 1394-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239403.

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Publication Date: 2013-09-21

Description: Opioid receptor antagonists increase hyperalgesia in humans and animals, which indicates that endogenous activation of opioid receptors provides relief from acute pain; however, the mechanisms of long-term opioid inhibition of pathological pain have remained elusive. We found that tissue injury produced mu-opioid receptor (MOR) constitutive activity (MOR(CA)) that repressed spinal nociceptive signaling for months. Pharmacological blockade during the posthyperalgesia state with MOR inverse agonists reinstated central pain sensitization and precipitated hallmarks of opioid withdrawal (including adenosine 3',5'-monophosphate overshoot and hyperalgesia) that required N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor activation of adenylyl cyclase type 1. Thus, MOR(CA) initiates both analgesic signaling and a compensatory opponent process that generates endogenous opioid dependence. Tonic MOR(CA) suppression of withdrawal hyperalgesia may prevent the transition from acute to chronic pain.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440417/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉 〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4440417/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Corder, G -- Doolen, S -- Donahue, R R -- Winter, M K -- Jutras, B L -- He, Y -- Hu, X -- Wieskopf, J S -- Mogil, J S -- Storm, D R -- Wang, Z J -- McCarson, K E -- Taylor, B K -- 5K02DA19656/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F31 DA032496/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- F31DA032496/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- HD02528/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- K02 DA019656/DA/NIDA NIH HHS/ -- P30 HD002528/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS045954/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01NS45954/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- UL1 TR000117/TR/NCATS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 Sep 20;341(6152):1394-9. doi: 10.1126/science.1239403.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Physiology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40536, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24052307" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Acute Pain/metabolism ; Adenosine Monophosphate/metabolism ; Adenylyl Cyclases/metabolism ; Animals ; Chronic Pain/*metabolism ; Disease Models, Animal ; Freund's Adjuvant/pharmacology ; Hyperalgesia/chemically induced/*metabolism ; Isoflurane/pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Naltrexone/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Nociceptive Pain/*metabolism ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/metabolism ; Receptors, Opioid, mu/agonists/antagonists & inhibitors/*metabolism ; Spinal Cord/drug effects/metabolism ; Substance Withdrawal Syndrome/metabolism

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Soil conditions and phylogenetic relatedness influence total community trait space during early plant succession (2014)

Ulrich, W., Piwczyłski, M., Zaplata, M. K., Winter, S., Schaaf, W., Fischer, A.

Oxford University Press

In: Journal of Plant Ecology

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Publication Date: 2014-07-23

Description: Aims The total space of traits covered by the members of plant communities is an important parameter of ecosystem functioning and complexity. We trace the variability of trait space during early plant succession and ask how trait space co-varies with phylogenetic community structure and soil conditions. Particularly, we are interested in the small-scale variability in trait space and the influence of biotic and abiotic filters. Methods We use data on species richness and soil conditions from the first 7 years of initial succession of an artificial catchment in north-eastern Germany. Total functional attribute diversity serves as a proxy to total trait space. Important Findings Total trait space steadily increased during succession. We observed high small-scale variability in total trait space that was positively correlated with species richness and phylogenetic segregation and negatively correlated with total plant cover. Trait space increased with soil carbonate content, while pH and the fraction of sandy material behaved indifferently. Our results indicate that during early succession, habitat filtering processes gain importance leading to a lesser increase in trait space than expected from the increase in species richness alone.

Print ISSN: 1752-993X

Electronic ISSN: 1752-9921

Topics: Biology