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  • 1
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    Stress-related noradrenergic activity prompts large-scale neural network reconfiguration (2011)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-11-26
    Description: Acute stress shifts the brain into a state that fosters rapid defense mechanisms. Stress-related neuromodulators are thought to trigger this change by altering properties of large-scale neural populations throughout the brain. We investigated this brain-state shift in humans. During exposure to a fear-related acute stressor, responsiveness and interconnectivity within a network including cortical (frontoinsular, dorsal anterior cingulate, inferotemporal, and temporoparietal) and subcortical (amygdala, thalamus, hypothalamus, and midbrain) regions increased as a function of stress response magnitudes. beta-adrenergic receptor blockade, but not cortisol synthesis inhibition, diminished this increase. Thus, our findings reveal that noradrenergic activation during acute stress results in prolonged coupling within a distributed network that integrates information exchange between regions involved in autonomic-neuroendocrine control and vigilant attentional reorienting.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Hermans, Erno J -- van Marle, Hein J F -- Ossewaarde, Lindsey -- Henckens, Marloes J A G -- Qin, Shaozheng -- van Kesteren, Marlieke T R -- Schoots, Vincent C -- Cousijn, Helena -- Rijpkema, Mark -- Oostenveld, Robert -- Fernandez, Guillen -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2011 Nov 25;334(6059):1151-3. doi: 10.1126/science.1209603.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, Nijmegen, Netherlands. erno.hermans@donders.ru.nl〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/22116887" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adolescent ; Adrenergic Neurons/physiology ; Adrenergic beta-Antagonists/pharmacology ; Adult ; Affect ; Attention ; Autonomic Nervous System/physiology ; Brain/*physiology ; Brain Mapping ; Female ; Functional Neuroimaging ; Heart Rate ; Humans ; Hydrocortisone/analysis ; Locus Coeruleus/physiology ; Magnetic Resonance Imaging ; Male ; Metyrapone/pharmacology ; Nerve Net/*physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; Neurotransmitter Agents/*physiology ; Norepinephrine/*physiology ; Receptors, Adrenergic, beta/physiology ; Saliva/chemistry ; Stress, Psychological/*physiopathology/psychology ; Young Adult ; alpha-Amylases/metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 2
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    Time-dependent corticosteroid modulation of prefrontal working memory processing (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-03-21
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Time-dependent corticosteroid modulation of prefrontal working memory processing [Neuroscience] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-04-06
    Description: Corticosteroids are potent modulators of human higher cognitive function. They are released in response to stress, and are thought to be involved in the modulation of cognitive function by inducing distinct rapid nongenomic, and slow genomic changes, affecting neural plasticity throughout the brain. However, their exact effects on the neural correlates of higher-order cognitive function as performed by the prefrontal cortex at the human brain system level remain to be elucidated. Here, we targeted these time-dependent effects of corticosteroids on prefrontal cortex processing in humans using a working memory (WM) paradigm during functional MRI scanning. Implementing a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled design, 72 young, healthy men received 10 mg hydrocortisone either 30 min (rapid corticosteroid effects) or 240 min (slow corticosteroid effects), or placebo before a numerical n-back task with differential load (0- to 3-back). Corticosteroids’ slow effects appeared to improve working memory performance and increased neuronal activity during WM performance in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex depending on WM load, whereas no effects of corticosteroids’ rapid actions were observed. Thereby, the slow actions of corticosteroids seem to facilitate adequate higher-order cognitive functioning, which may support recovery in the aftermath of stress exposure.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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