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  • 1
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    Translation of a polymeric nanoparticle [Pharmacology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-09-11
    Description: Nanoparticles are currently being investigated in a number of human clinical trials. As information on how nanoparticles function in humans is difficult to obtain, animal studies that can be correlative to human behavior are needed to provide guidance for human clinical trials. Here, we report correlative studies on animals and...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Kilimanjaro ice core records: evidence of holocene climate change in tropical Africa (2002)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2002-10-19
    Description: Six ice cores from Kilimanjaro provide an approximately 11.7-thousand-year record of Holocene climate and environmental variability for eastern equatorial Africa, including three periods of abrupt climate change: approximately 8.3, approximately 5.2, and approximately 4 thousand years ago (ka). The latter is coincident with the "First Dark Age," the period of the greatest historically recorded drought in tropical Africa. Variable deposition of F- and Na+ during the African Humid Period suggests rapidly fluctuating lake levels between approximately 11.7 and 4 ka. Over the 20th century, the areal extent of Kilimanjaro's ice fields has decreased approximately 80%, and if current climatological conditions persist, the remaining ice fields are likely to disappear between 2015 and 2020.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, Lonnie G -- Mosley-Thompson, Ellen -- Davis, Mary E -- Henderson, Keith A -- Brecher, Henry H -- Zagorodnov, Victor S -- Mashiotta, Tracy A -- Lin, Ping-Nan -- Mikhalenko, Vladimir N -- Hardy, Douglas R -- Beer, Jurg -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2002 Oct 18;298(5593):589-93.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. thompson.3@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12386332" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 3
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    A high-resolution millennial record of the south asian monsoon from himalayan ice cores (2000)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2000-09-16
    Description: A high-resolution ice core record from Dasuopu, Tibet, reveals that this site is sensitive to fluctuations in the intensity of the South Asian Monsoon. Reductions in monsoonal intensity are recorded by dust and chloride concentrations. The deeper, older sections of the Dasuopu cores suggest many other periods of drought in this region, but none have been of greater intensity than the greatest recorded drought, during 1790 to 1796 A.D. of the last millennium. The 20th century increase in anthropogenic activity in India and Nepal, upwind from this site, is recorded by a doubling of chloride concentrations and a fourfold increase in dust. Like other ice cores from the Tibetan Plateau, Dasuopu suggests a large-scale, plateau-wide 20th-century warming trend that appears to be amplified at higher elevations.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson -- Yao -- Mosley-Thompson -- Davis -- Henderson -- Lin -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2000 Sep 15;289(5486):1916-20.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou China. Department of Geological Sciences, Department of Geography〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/10988068" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 4
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    A 25,000-year tropical climate history from bolivian ice cores (1998)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1998-12-04
    Description: Ice cores that were recovered from the summit of Sajama mountain in Bolivia provide carbon-14-dated tropical records and extend to the Late Glacial Stage (LGS). Oxygen isotopic ratios of the ice decreased 5.4 per mil between the early Holocene and the Last Glacial Maximum, which is consistent with values from other ice cores. The abrupt onset and termination of a Younger Dryas-type event suggest atmospheric processes as the probable drivers. Regional accumulation increased during the LGS, during deglaciation, and over the past 3000 years, which is concurrent with higher water levels in regional paleolakes. Unlike polar cores, Sajama glacial ice contains eight times less dust than the Holocene ice, which reflects wetter conditions and extensive snow cover.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson -- Davis -- Mosley-Thompson -- Sowers -- Henderson -- Zagorodnov -- Lin -- Mikhalenko -- Campen -- Bolzan -- Cole-Dai -- Francou -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1998 Dec 4;282(5395):1858-64.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉L. G. Thompson, M. E. Davis, K. A. Henderson, V. S. Zagorodnov, J. F. Bolzan, Byrd Polar Research Center, Department of Geological Sciences, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. E. Mosley-Thompson, Byrd Polar Research Center, D.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9836630" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Evidence of RNAi in humans from systemically administered siRNA via targeted nanoparticles (2010)
    Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2010-03-23
    Description: Therapeutics that are designed to engage RNA interference (RNAi) pathways have the potential to provide new, major ways of imparting therapy to patients. Long, double-stranded RNAs were first shown to mediate RNAi in Caenorhabditis elegans, and the potential use of RNAi for human therapy has been demonstrated by the finding that small interfering RNAs (siRNAs; approximately 21-base-pair double-stranded RNA) can elicit RNAi in mammalian cells without producing an interferon response. We are at present conducting the first in-human phase I clinical trial involving the systemic administration of siRNA to patients with solid cancers using a targeted, nanoparticle delivery system. Here we provide evidence of inducing an RNAi mechanism of action in a human from the delivered siRNA. Tumour biopsies from melanoma patients obtained after treatment show the presence of intracellularly localized nanoparticles in amounts that correlate with dose levels of the nanoparticles administered (this is, to our knowledge, a first for systemically delivered nanoparticles of any kind). Furthermore, a reduction was found in both the specific messenger RNA (M2 subunit of ribonucleotide reductase (RRM2)) and the protein (RRM2) levels when compared to pre-dosing tissue. Most notably, we detect the presence of an mRNA fragment that demonstrates that siRNA-mediated mRNA cleavage occurs specifically at the site predicted for an RNAi mechanism from a patient who received the highest dose of the nanoparticles. Together, these data demonstrate that siRNA administered systemically to a human can produce a specific gene inhibition (reduction in mRNA and protein) by an RNAi mechanism of action.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855406/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2855406/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark E -- Zuckerman, Jonathan E -- Choi, Chung Hang J -- Seligson, David -- Tolcher, Anthony -- Alabi, Christopher A -- Yen, Yun -- Heidel, Jeremy D -- Ribas, Antoni -- CA U54 119347/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA119347/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- U54 CA119347-04/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- England -- Nature. 2010 Apr 15;464(7291):1067-70. doi: 10.1038/nature08956. Epub 2010 Mar 21.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, California 91125, USA. mdavis@cheme.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20305636" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biopsy ; *Clinical Trials, Phase I as Topic ; *Drug Carriers/administration & dosage/pharmacokinetics ; Drug Delivery Systems ; Gene Knockdown Techniques/*methods ; Humans ; Injections, Intravenous ; Melanoma/drug therapy/enzymology/genetics ; *Nanoparticles/administration & dosage/analysis ; RNA Interference/*drug effects ; RNA, Messenger/analysis/genetics/metabolism ; RNA, Small Interfering/*administration & ; dosage/genetics/*pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Receptors, Transferrin/metabolism ; Ribonucleoside Diphosphate Reductase/biosynthesis/genetics
    Print ISSN: 0028-0836
    Electronic ISSN: 1476-4687
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
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  • 6
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    Holocene--late pleistocene climatic ice core records from qinghai-tibetan plateau (1989)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1989-10-27
    Description: Three ice cores to bedrock from the Dunde ice cap on the north-central Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau of China provide a detailed record of Holocene and Wisconsin-Wurm late glacial stage (LGS) climate changes in the subtropics. The records reveal that LGS conditions were apparently colder, wetter, and dustier than Holocene conditions. The LGS part of the cores is characterized by more negative delta(18)O ratios, increased dust content, decreased soluble aerosol concentrations, and reduced ice crystal sizes than the Holocene part. These changes occurred rapidly approximately 10,000 years ago. In addition, the last 60 years were apparently one of the warmest periods in the entire record, equalling levels of the Holocene maximum between 6000 and 8000 years ago.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L G -- Mosley-Thompson, E -- Davis, M E -- Bolzan, J F -- Dai, J -- Klein, L -- Yao, T -- Wu, X -- Xie, Z -- Gundestrup, N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1989 Oct 27;246(4929):474-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17788697" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Annually resolved ice core records of tropical climate variability over the past ~1800 years (2013)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-04-06
    Description: Ice cores from low latitudes can provide a wealth of unique information about past climate in the tropics, but they are difficult to recover and few exist. Here, we report annually resolved ice core records from the Quelccaya ice cap (5670 meters above sea level) in Peru that extend back ~1800 years and provide a high-resolution record of climate variability there. Oxygen isotopic ratios (delta(18)O) are linked to sea surface temperatures in the tropical eastern Pacific, whereas concentrations of ammonium and nitrate document the dominant role played by the migration of the Intertropical Convergence Zone in the region of the tropical Andes. Quelccaya continues to retreat and thin. Radiocarbon dates on wetland plants exposed along its retreating margins indicate that it has not been smaller for at least six millennia.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L G -- Mosley-Thompson, E -- Davis, M E -- Zagorodnov, V S -- Howat, I M -- Mikhalenko, V N -- Lin, P-N -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2013 May 24;340(6135):945-50. doi: 10.1126/science.1234210. Epub 2013 Apr 4.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Byrd Polar Research Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA. thompson.3@osu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23558172" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: *Climate Change ; *Ice Cover ; Nitrates/analysis ; Oxygen Isotopes/analysis ; Peru ; Plants ; Quaternary Ammonium Compounds/analysis ; *Tropical Climate ; Wetlands
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 8
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    Materials science. Distinguishing the (almost) indistinguishable (2003)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2003-04-19
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Davis, Mark E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2003 Apr 18;300(5618):438-9.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Chemical Engineering, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA. mdavis@cheme.caltech.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/12702861" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 9
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    SSZ-26 and SSZ-33: Two Molecular Sieves with Intersecting 10- and 12-Ring Pores (1993)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-12-03
    Description: The framework structures of two closely related molecular sieves, SSZ-26 and SSZ-33, are described. These materials possess a previously missing but desired structural feature in a group of industrially significant zeolites. They contain a three-dimensional pore system that provides access to the crystal interior through both 10- and 12-rings. This property is a consequence of the organic structure-directing agents used in the synthesis of these materials. These materials are examples of the purposeful design of a micropore architecture. Both SSZ-26 and SSZ-33 contain the 4=4-1 building unit that had been previously found only in natural zeolites.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Lobo, R F -- Pan, M -- Chan, I -- Li, H X -- Medrud, R C -- Zones, S I -- Crozier, P A -- Davis, M E -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1993 Dec 3;262(5139):1543-6.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17829383" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 10
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    Late glacial stage and holocene tropical ice core records from huascaran, peru (1995)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1995-07-07
    Description: Two ice cores from the col of Huascaran in the north-central Andes of Peru contain a paleoclimatic history extending well into the Wisconsinan (Wurm) Glacial Stage and include evidence of the Younger Dryas cool phase. Glacial stage conditions at high elevations in the tropics appear to have been as much as 8 degrees to 12 degrees C cooler than today, the atmosphere contained about 200 times as much dust, and the Amazon Basin forest cover may have been much less extensive. Differences in both the oxygen isotope ratio zeta(18)O (8 per mil) and the deuterium excess (4.5 per mil) from the Late Glacial Stage to the Holocene are comparable with polar ice core records. These data imply that the tropical Atlantic was possibly 5 degrees to 6 degrees C cooler during the Late Glacial Stage, that the climate was warmest from 8400 to 5200 years before present, and that it cooled gradually, culminating with the Little Ice Age (200 to 500 years before present). A strong warming has dominated the last two centuries.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Thompson, L G -- Mosley-Thompson, E -- Davis, M E -- Lin, P N -- Henderson, K A -- Cole-Dai, J -- Bolzan, J F -- Liu, K B -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1995 Jul 7;269(5220):46-50.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17787701" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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