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Resetting the biological clock: mediation of nocturnal circadian shifts by glutamate and NO (1994)

J. M. Ding ; D. Chen ; E. T. Weber ; [et al.]

American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

In: Science. 266(5191): 1713-7.

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Publication Date: 1994-12-09

Description: Circadian rhythms of mammals are timed by an endogenous clock with a period of about 24 hours located in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus. Light synchronizes this clock to the external environment by daily adjustments in the phase of the circadian oscillation. The mechanism has been thought to involve the release of excitatory amino acids from retinal afferents to the SCN. Brief treatment of rat SCN in vitro with glutamate (Glu), N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), or nitric oxide (NO) generators produced lightlike phase shifts of circadian rhythms. The SCN exhibited calcium-dependent nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity. Antagonists of NMDA or NOS pathways blocked Glu effects in vitro, and intracerebroventricular injection of a NOS inhibitor in vivo blocked the light-induced resetting of behavioral rhythms. Together, these data indicate that Glu release, NMDA receptor activation, NOS stimulation, and NO production link light activation of the retina to cellular changes within the SCN mediating the phase resetting of the biological clock.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Ding, J M -- Chen, D -- Weber, E T -- Faiman, L E -- Rea, M A -- Gillette, M U -- NS22155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- R01 NS022155/NS/NINDS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1994 Dec 9;266(5191):1713-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell and Structural Biology, University of Illinois, Urbana 61801.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/7527589" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉

Keywords: Amino Acid Oxidoreductases/metabolism ; Animals ; Arginine/analogs & derivatives/pharmacology ; Biological Clocks/drug effects/*physiology ; Circadian Rhythm/drug effects/*physiology ; Glutamic Acid/*metabolism/pharmacology ; In Vitro Techniques ; Light ; N-Methylaspartate/pharmacology ; NG-Nitroarginine Methyl Ester ; Neurons, Afferent/physiology ; Nitric Oxide/*metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/*metabolism ; Retina/physiology ; Signal Transduction ; Suprachiasmatic Nucleus/drug effects/metabolism/*physiology

Print ISSN: 0036-8075

Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203

Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics

Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)

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Bacterial biofilms on gold grains--implications for geomicrobial transformations of gold (2016)

Rea, M. A., Zammit, C. M., Reith, F.

Oxford University Press

In: FEMS Microbiology Ecology

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Publication Date: 2016-05-11

Description: The biogeochemical cycling of gold (Au), i.e. its solubilization, transport and re-precipitation, leading to the (trans)formation of Au grains and nuggets has been demonstrated under a range of environmental conditions. Biogenic (trans)formations of Au grains are driven by (geo)biochemical processes mediated by distinct biofilm consortia living on these grains. This review summarizes the current knowledge concerning the composition and functional capabilities of Au-grain communities, and identifies contributions of key-species involved in Au-cycling. To date, community data are available from grains collected at 10 sites in Australia, New Zealand and South America. The majority of detected operational taxonomic units detected belong to the α -, β - and -Proteobacteria and the Actinobacteria. A range of organisms appears to contribute predominantly to biofilm establishment and nutrient cycling, some affect the mobilization of Au via excretion of Au-complexing ligands, e.g. organic acids, thiosulfate and cyanide, while a range of resident Proteobacteria, especially Cupriavidus metallidurans and Delftia acidovorans , have developed Au-specific biochemical responses to deal with Au-toxicity and reductively precipitate mobile Au-complexes. This leads to the biomineralization of secondary Au and drives the environmental cycle of Au.

Print ISSN: 0168-6496

Electronic ISSN: 1574-6941

Topics: Biology