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  • 1
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    Polo kinase controls meiosis I [Cell Biology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-28
    Description: During meiosis, two consecutive rounds of chromosome segregation yield four haploid gametes from one diploid cell. The Polo kinase Cdc5 is required for meiotic progression, but how Cdc5 coordinates multiple cell-cycle events during meiosis I is not understood. Here we show that CDC5-dependent phosphorylation of Rec8, a subunit of the...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 2
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    Coherent 2D terahertz-terahertz-Raman spectroscopy [Chemistry] (2016)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-06-22
    Description: We present 2D terahertz-terahertz-Raman (2D TTR) spectroscopy, the first technique, to our knowledge, to interrogate a liquid with multiple pulses of terahertz (THz) light. This hybrid approach isolates nonlinear signatures in isotropic media, and is sensitive to the coupling and anharmonicity of thermally activated THz modes that play a central...
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
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  • 3
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    Dissection of the Burkholderia intracellular life cycle using a photothermal nanoblade [Microbiology] (2011)
    National Academy of Sciences
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    Publication Date: 2011-07-20
    Description: Burkholderia pseudomallei and Burkholderia thailandensis are related pathogens that invade a variety of cell types, replicate in the cytoplasm, and spread to nearby cells. We have investigated temporal and spatial requirements for virulence determinants in the intracellular life cycle, using genetic dissection and photothermal nanoblade delivery, which allows efficient placement of bacterium-sized cargo into the cytoplasm of mammalian cells. The conserved Bsa type III secretion system (T3SSBsa) is dispensable for invasion, but is essential for escape from primary endosomes. By nanoblade delivery of B. thailandensis we demonstrate that all subsequent events in intercellular spread occur independently of T3SSBsa activity. Although intracellular movement was essential for cell–cell spread by B. pseudomallei and B. thailandensis, neither BimA-mediated actin polymerization nor the formation of membrane protrusions containing bacteria was required for B. thailandensis. Surprisingly, the cryptic (fla2) flagellar system encoded on chromosome 2 of B. thailandensis supported rapid intracellular motility and efficient cell–cell spread. Plaque formation by both pathogens was dependent on the activity of a type VI secretion system (T6SS-1) that functions downstream from T3SSBsa-mediated endosome escape. A remarkable feature of Burkholderia is their ability to induce the formation of multinucleate giant cells (MNGCs) in multiple cell types. By infection and nanoblade delivery, we observed complete correspondence between mutant phenotypes in assays for cell fusion and plaque formation, and time-course studies showed that plaque formation represents MNGC death. Our data suggest that the primary means for intercellular spread involves cell fusion, as opposed to pseudopod engulfment and bacterial escape from double-membrane vacuoles.
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 4
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    A sperm cytoskeletal protein that signals oocyte meiotic maturation and ovulation (2001)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2001-03-17
    Description: Caenorhabditis elegans oocytes, like those of most animals, arrest during meiotic prophase. Sperm promote the resumption of meiosis (maturation) and contraction of smooth muscle-like gonadal sheath cells, which are required for ovulation. We show that the major sperm cytoskeletal protein (MSP) is a bipartite signal for oocyte maturation and sheath contraction. MSP also functions in sperm locomotion, playing a role analogous to actin. Thus, during evolution, MSP has acquired extracellular signaling and intracellular cytoskeletal functions for reproduction. Proteins with MSP-like domains are found in plants, fungi, and other animals, suggesting that related signaling functions may exist in other phyla.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, M A -- Nguyen, V Q -- Lee, M H -- Kosinski, M -- Schedl, T -- Caprioli, R M -- Greenstein, D -- CA09592/CA/NCI NIH HHS/ -- GM57173/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- GM58008/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HD07043/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- HD25614/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM057173/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HD025614/HD/NICHD NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2001 Mar 16;291(5511):2144-7.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Department of Cell Biology, Mass Spectrometry Research Center, Vanderbilt University School of Medicine, Nashville, TN 37232, USA.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/11251118" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Amino Acid Sequence ; Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/*physiology ; Carrier Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Cytoskeleton/chemistry/physiology ; Disorders of Sex Development ; Enzyme Activation ; Evolution, Molecular ; Female ; Gonads/cytology/physiology ; Helminth Proteins/chemistry/immunology/pharmacology/*physiology ; MAP Kinase Signaling System ; Male ; *Meiosis ; Membrane Proteins/chemistry/physiology ; Microinjections ; Mitogen-Activated Protein Kinases/metabolism ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Oocytes/*physiology ; Ovulation ; Phylogeny ; Protein Folding ; Protein Structure, Tertiary ; Pseudopodia/physiology ; Recombinant Proteins/pharmacology ; Signal Transduction ; Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/chemistry/*physiology
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Published by American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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  • 5
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    Demographic variability, vaccination, and the spatiotemporal dynamics of rotavirus epidemics (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2009-07-18
    Description: Historically, annual rotavirus activity in the United States has started in the southwest in late fall and ended in the northeast 3 months later; this trend has diminished in recent years. Traveling waves of infection or local environmental drivers cannot account for these patterns. A transmission model calibrated against epidemiological data shows that spatiotemporal variation in birth rate can explain the timing of rotavirus epidemics. The recent large-scale introduction of rotavirus vaccination provides a natural experiment to further test the impact of susceptible recruitment on disease dynamics. The model predicts a pattern of reduced and lagged epidemics postvaccination, closely matching the observed dynamics. Armed with this validated model, we explore the relative importance of direct and indirect protection, a key issue in determining the worldwide benefits of vaccination.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010406/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3010406/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Pitzer, Virginia E -- Viboud, Cecile -- Simonsen, Lone -- Steiner, Claudia -- Panozzo, Catherine A -- Alonso, Wladimir J -- Miller, Mark A -- Glass, Roger I -- Glasser, John W -- Parashar, Umesh D -- Grenfell, Bryan T -- R01 GM083983/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083983-01/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM083983-03/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Jul 17;325(5938):290-4. doi: 10.1126/science.1172330.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, Pennsylvania State University, State College, PA 16801, USA. vep2@psu.edu〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19608910" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Birth Rate ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Diarrhea/epidemiology/prevention & control ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Humans ; Immunity, Herd ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Infant ; Models, Statistical ; Prevalence ; Rotavirus Infections/*epidemiology/immunology/prevention & control/transmission ; Rotavirus Vaccines/*administration & dosage ; Seasons ; United States/epidemiology ; Vaccines, Attenuated/administration & dosage
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 6
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    Origin and radiation of the earliest vascular land plants (2009)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2009-04-18
    Description: Colonization of the land by plants most likely occurred in a stepwise fashion starting in the Mid-Ordovician. The earliest flora of bryophyte-like plants appears to have been cosmopolitan and dominated the planet, relatively unchanged, for some 30 million years. It is represented by fossilized dispersed cryptospores and fragmentary plant remains. In the Early Silurian, cryptospore abundance and diversity diminished abruptly as trilete spores appeared, became abundant, and underwent rapid diversification. This change coincides approximately with the appearance of vascular plant megafossils and probably represents the origin and adaptive radiation of vascular plants. We have obtained a diverse trilete spore occurrence from the Late Ordovician that suggests that vascular plants originated and diversified earlier than previously hypothesized, in Gondwana, before migrating elsewhere and secondarily diversifying.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Steemans, Philippe -- Herisse, Alain Le -- Melvin, John -- Miller, Merrell A -- Paris, Florentin -- Verniers, Jacques -- Wellman, Charles H -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2009 Apr 17;324(5925):353. doi: 10.1126/science.1169659.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Palaeobotany, B-18, University of Liege, 4000 Liege, Belgium.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/19372423" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Biodiversity ; *Biological Evolution ; *Fossils ; Geologic Sediments ; Plant Physiological Phenomena ; *Plants ; Saudi Arabia ; *Spores
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 7
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    Neurosensory perception of environmental cues modulates sperm motility critical for fertilization (2014)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2014-05-17
    Description: Environmental exposures affect gamete function and fertility, but the mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that pheromones sensed by ciliated neurons in the Caenorhabditis elegans nose alter the lipid microenvironment within the oviduct, thereby affecting sperm motility. In favorable environments, pheromone-responsive sensory neurons secrete a transforming growth factor-beta ligand called DAF-7, which acts as a neuroendocrine factor that stimulates prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase [cyclooxygenase (Cox)]-independent prostaglandin synthesis in the ovary. Oocytes secrete F-class prostaglandins that guide sperm toward them. These prostaglandins are also synthesized in Cox knockout mice, raising the possibility that similar mechanisms exist in other animals. Our data indicate that environmental cues perceived by the female nervous system affect sperm function.〈br /〉〈br /〉〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094289/" target="_blank"〉〈img src="https://static.pubmed.gov/portal/portal3rc.fcgi/4089621/img/3977009" border="0"〉〈/a〉   〈a href="https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4094289/" target="_blank"〉This paper as free author manuscript - peer-reviewed and accepted for publication〈/a〉〈br /〉〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉McKnight, Katherine -- Hoang, Hieu D -- Prasain, Jeevan K -- Brown, Naoko -- Vibbert, Jack -- Hollister, Kyle A -- Moore, Ray -- Ragains, Justin R -- Reese, Jeff -- Miller, Michael A -- GM085105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- HL096967/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL109199/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL110950/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- HL114439/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- P30 AR050948/AR/NIAMS NIH HHS/ -- P30 DK079337/DK/NIDDK NIH HHS/ -- P40 OD010440/OD/NIH HHS/ -- R01 GM085105/GM/NIGMS NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL096967/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- R01 HL109199/HL/NHLBI NIH HHS/ -- S10 RR19261/RR/NCRR NIH HHS/ -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2014 May 16;344(6185):754-7. doi: 10.1126/science.1250598.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Division of Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Chemistry, Louisiana State University, Baton Rouge, LA 70803, USA. ; Department of Pediatrics, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, TN 37232, USA. ; Department of Cell, Developmental and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA. mamiller@uab.edu.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24833393" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Animals ; Caenorhabditis elegans/genetics/metabolism/*physiology ; Caenorhabditis elegans Proteins/genetics/*metabolism ; Environmental Exposure ; Female ; *Fertilization ; Male ; Neurons, Afferent/*physiology ; Neurosecretory Systems/physiology ; Oocytes/metabolism/physiology ; Ovum/metabolism/physiology ; Perception ; Pheromones/*physiology ; Prostaglandin-Endoperoxide Synthases/metabolism ; Prostaglandins/biosynthesis ; *Sperm Motility ; Spermatozoa/*physiology ; Transforming Growth Factor beta/genetics/*metabolism
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 8
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    Synchrony, waves, and spatial hierarchies in the spread of influenza (2006)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
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    Publication Date: 2006-04-01
    Description: Quantifying long-range dissemination of infectious diseases is a key issue in their dynamics and control. Here, we use influenza-related mortality data to analyze the between-state progression of interpandemic influenza in the United States over the past 30 years. Outbreaks show hierarchical spatial spread evidenced by higher pairwise synchrony between more populous states. Seasons with higher influenza mortality are associated with higher disease transmission and more rapid spread than are mild ones. The regional spread of infection correlates more closely with rates of movement of people to and from their workplaces (workflows) than with geographical distance. Workflows are described in turn by a gravity model, with a rapid decay of commuting up to around 100 km and a long tail of rare longer range flow. A simple epidemiological model, based on the gravity formulation, captures the observed increase of influenza spatial synchrony with transmissibility; high transmission allows influenza to spread rapidly beyond local spatial constraints.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Viboud, Cecile -- Bjornstad, Ottar N -- Smith, David L -- Simonsen, Lone -- Miller, Mark A -- Grenfell, Bryan T -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 2006 Apr 21;312(5772):447-51. Epub 2006 Mar 30.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Author address: 〈/span〉Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892, USA. viboudc@mail.nih.gov〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/16574822" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Keywords: Adult ; Algorithms ; Child ; *Disease Outbreaks ; Hospitalization ; Humans ; Incidence ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; *Influenza A Virus, H3N2 Subtype ; *Influenza B virus ; Influenza, Human/*epidemiology/mortality/*transmission/virology ; Models, Statistical ; Population Density ; Seasons ; Stochastic Processes ; Time Factors ; Travel ; United States/epidemiology ; Workplace
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 9
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    Soviet psychology: psychology in utopia (1985)
    American Association for the Advancement of Science (AAAS)
    Details
    Publication Date: 1985-03-29
    Description: 〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Notes: 〈/span〉Miller, M A -- New York, N.Y. -- Science. 1985 Mar 29;227(4694):1574-5.〈br /〉〈span class="detail_caption"〉Record origin:〈/span〉 〈a href="http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/17795346" target="_blank"〉PubMed〈/a〉
    Print ISSN: 0036-8075
    Electronic ISSN: 1095-9203
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Computer Science , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
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  • 10
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    Tomography captures flagellar assembly in cells [Microbiology] (2013)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 2013-08-28
    Description: Periplasmic flagella are essential for the distinctive morphology, motility, and infectious life cycle of the Lyme disease spirochete Borrelia burgdorferi. In this study, we genetically trapped intermediates in flagellar assembly and determined the 3D structures of the intermediates to 4-nm resolution by cryoelectron tomography. We provide structural evidence that secretion...
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    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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