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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    International journal of immunogenetics 9 (1982), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1744-313X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Heterodontus francisci (horned shark) and Pseudopleuronectes americanus (winter flounder) were immunized with furyl-oxazolone (furyl-Ox) and phenyl-oxazolone (phenyl-Ox) coupled either to bacteria or protein carriers. The antibodies produced were measured by inactivation of furyl- or phenyl-Ox conjugated bacteriophage, and their affinity and fine specificity were estimated by inhibition of phage inactivation with a series of structurally related hapten analogues. In both species, post-immunization peak titres were 100 to 2000 times higher than preimmunization titres.A number of unique features distinguished Heterodontus antibodies from Pseudopleuronectes or mammalian antibodies. Heterondontus antibodies exhibited a lower affinity for the immunizing hapten (furyl-Ox or phenyl-Ox) and a reduced ability to distinguish the homologous immunogenic hapten from its structural analogues. In addition, Heterodontus antibodies exhibited a lower level of inter-individual variation in affinity and fine specificity than did Pseudopleuronectes or mammalian IgM antibodies; this was especially prominent in anti-furyl-Ox responses. Typically the affinity and fine specificity of Heterodontus antibodies did not change over the 146-day period of immunization and were not influenced by the nature of the carrier. The implications of these findings in terms of the phylogenetic origins of antibody diversity are discussed.
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 185 (1960), S. 852-853 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The sera of most mammalian species seem to contain haptoglobin, but the only electrophoretic pattern that we have found in domestic and laboratory animals studied resembles closely that of HplHp* (Hp 1-1) people. On account of this observation we have studied blood samples of different primates ...
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 254 (1975), S. 718-719 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Whether the collaboration of two types of antigen-recognising lymphocytes is also important for antibody responses of lower vertebrates is not known. Studies of fishes, amphibia and reptiles are handicapped by the lack of histocompatible strains. This excludes cell transfers from one individual ...
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 199 (1963), S. 831-831 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The more slowly migrating transferrins (D type) are rare in the white populations studied so far, but common in some other races. The phenotype CDl is found in about 10 per cent of the New York Negroes and Australian Aborigines4. In a Chinese population about 6 per cent of individuals were of the ...
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 194 (1962), S. 308-309 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In Table 1 the sex ratio among the Nth children in the two series of families is given as a function of the number of boys (N-l, N-2, ... or 0) preceding this child. From these data two rules emerge: (1) Children of a certain parity tend to be boys if all the preceding children of the family have ...
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 184 (1959), S. 111-113 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] A monosaccharide as a rule retains its inhibiting power even when linked to other sugars through the hydroxyl group of the first (in ketoses, the second) carbon atom2.5. The type of link, whether a or p, seems to be significant. In order to throw light on this problem, I made plant agglutinin ...
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 287 (1980), S. 639-640 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Heterodontus (0.2-0.5 kg) of estimated age 2-3 yr were maintained as described previously9. Intramuscular immunization with B ruce lia abortus to which 2-furyloxazolone (furyl Ox) was coupled10 was carried out on day 0 and day 30. Inbred male rats of the SDK strain (0.34-0.43 kg) aged 3-4 months ...
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Mouse monoclonal antibodies to carcinoembryogenic antigen (CEA) obtained by the somatic cell hybridization technique of Köhler and Milstein were used in a modified enzyme bridge immunoperoxidase staining method. Both high and low affinity antibodies were tested and their staining properties compared with those of a commercial polyvalent rabbit antiserum. The staining pattern of neoplastic epithelial cells in all seven antibodies in samples of primary adenocarcinoma of the colon was similar, indicating that no gross differences were found in the exposure of the different antigenic determinants of CEA in formalin fixed tissue. The background staining of the monoclonal antibodies was negligible. It is concluded that monoclonal antibodies are superior to conventional antisera in immunoperoxidase staining of CEA.
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Two congenic strains of mice were bred in Konstanz that bear theIg heavy chain allotype gene of the C57BL/6 (Ig-1 b ) in a BALB/c background genome. One line (CB-8K) underwent eight backcross generations to BALB/c before sister-brother mating was initiated. For the other line (CB-16KN) backcrossing was continued for eight further generations, then a homozygousIg-1 b /Ig-1 b strain was produced by sister-brother mating. Both lines were tested for four VH markers of the BALB/c and one of the C57BL parent. The CB-16KN strain expressed the C57BL marker VHNPb together with the C57BL allotype marker, and failed to express the three BALB/c markers, VHDEX, VHS117, VHphOx and VHNPa. It thus resembled the CB-20 strain. Strain CB-8K expressed the VHNPb marker of C57BL but also all the four BALB/c markers that were tested. The strain appeared more heterogeneous than the CB-16KN strain, and a subline was bred from two exceptional mice that did not express the VHNPb marker. This subline (CB-8KN) expressed the BALB/c marker VHNPa regularly, and was negative for the VHNPb marker. It thus resembles the BAB-14 line. The crossing over event thus must have happened in one of the two meioses, which led to the CB-8K line. As BAB-14 is derived in an analogous manner to a branch of the backcross of Potter and Lieberman, which ended up in CB-20, the unexpected finding is discussed that two independent crossing over events (in CB-8KN and BAB 14) within theIg heavy chain gene region have taken place at approximately the same stage of two breeding programs.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-1211
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The primary anti-NP response in C57BL/6 and CBA mice was analyzed by isoelectric focusing. Antibody responses in C57 mice were restricted in heterogeneity and over 80 % of this strain shared an isoelectric focusing spectrum characteristic of an homogeneous antibody (spectrotype). This spectrotype N-l was inherited as a dominant characteristic in (CBA×C57)F1 mice, and backcross analysis revealed that it was genetically linked to the heavy chain allotypeIg-1 b . It thus behaved as a marker similar to the fine specificity characteristic of heteroclitic antibody. Elution studies showed that antibody with the spectrotype N-1 was heteroclitic, with a higher affinity for NIP and NNP than for the immunogen NP. It is argued that a) a single germ-lineV gene (designated N-1) codes for the VH region of this antibody and b) in C57BL/6 mice this geneV H N-1 is closely linked toIg-1 b .
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