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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Acid phosphatase of osteoclasts demonstrated by electron microscopic histochemistry (1971)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 28 (1971), S. 103-117 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Location of acid phosphatase outside and inside the osteoclast was studied by electron microscopic histochemistry. Osteoclasts with a ruffled border apposed to the bone showed enzyme activity in a) membrane-limited cytoplasmic bodies of different dimensions, b) some Golgi vesicles and inner Golgi cisternae, c) vacuoles and vacuole-like profiles, d) extracellular channels and channel expansions in the ruffled border, e) cell-bone interspace. The possibility of bone degradation by lysosomal enzymes both in the cytoplasmic vacuoles and in the cell-bone interspace is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279855
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Absorption of peroxidase by osteoclasts as studied by electron microscope histochemistry (1972)
    Springer
    Histochemistry and cell biology 29 (1972), S. 274-286 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-119X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The ability of osteoclasts to take up protein by endocytosis was examined using peroxidase as a tracer. 5 minutes after intravenous injection the tracer was located around the osteoclast and in the space between its ruffled border and the bone. Inside the cell peroxidase was located in some cytoplasmic vacuoles behind the ruffled border and along the cell membrane. 40 minutes after injection there was a large increase in the number of membrane limited cytoplasmic structures containing reaction product, these being distributed in general throughout the cell but with a high concentration behind the ruffled border. These structures which were filled throughout with peroxidase represented either vacuoles or bodies. The study demonstrates, first that the osteoclast is able to absorb peroxidase, second that a transport of material occurs from the periphery towards the central part of the cell. From the extensive endocytosis along the ruffled border, where the bone resorption takes place, it is suggested that also organic components of the bone may be taken up by the osteoclast under bone resorption in a manner similar to that for peroxidase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00279810
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies of the osteoclast (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 229-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Vacuoles ; Lysosomes ; Bone resorption ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies in the osteoclast (rat) were studied by electron microscopy. The vacuole-like structures (0.03–5 μ in diameter) may be classed as a) vacuoles b) coated vacuoles and c) invaginations. The cytoplasmic bodies vary in size from 0.02–3 μ in diameter and these may similarly be classed as a) light cytoplasmic bodies, b) dense cytoplasmic bodies, c) coated cytoplasmic bodies and d) cytoplasmic bodies containing inclusions. Both the cytoplasmic vacuoles and the bodies are limited by a triple layered membrane of about 91 Å in thickness. Their relationship to the lysosomal system and the role of this system in the osteoclast is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315128
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 141 (1973), S. 529-544 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclast ; Parathyroid hormone ; Lysosomes ; Bone resorption ; Electron microscopy ; Histochemistry
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Young rats were treated with high doses of parathyroid hormone (PTH). Osteoclasts from these animals revealed characteristic alterations in comparison to control cells: a) The cytoplasm contained large vacuoles with phagocytosed cells, some of which resembled osteoblasts or osteocytes. The vacuoles were interpreted as lysosomes because the engulfed cells often appeared partly digested and the vacuoles contained acid phosphatase as demonstrated histochemically, b) lipid droplets were present in the cytoplasm and usually located close to the endoplasmic reticulum and/or in regions with many free ribosomes, c) the Golgi complex was more frequently separated from the nuclei than in control cells, d) small coated cytoplasmic bodies were numerous in the peripheral cytoplasm, e) the membranes of the endoplasmic reticulum were fused in some places, f) cytoplasmic regions with numerous free ribosomes were frequent, g) large ring-shaped granules occurred in some mitochondria. Energy dispersive X-ray analysis of these granules provided evidence that they contained calcium and probably phosphorus, h) in some osteoclasts the mitochondria were enlarged. — The findings are consistent with an increased activity of osteoclasts and in particular a stimulation of the lysosomal system in these cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307123
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of calcitonin on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 145 (1973), S. 75-87 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Calcitonin ; Bone resorption ; Acid phosphatase ; Autophagocytosis ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts from the tibial metaphyses of young rats treated with porcine calcitonin were studied by electron microscopy. The animals were sacrificed 1 1/2, 4, 8 or 12 hours after injection of the hormone. In survey sections examined by light microscopy the osteoclasts appeared smaller than in control animals. At the ultrastructural level the osteoclasts showed the following alterations: 1) The typical ruffled border was absent. 2) Acid phosphatase was not present in the extracellular space between cell and bone. 3) The number of large vacuoles was decreased and there was no local accumulation of vacuoles in the cytoplasm. 4) The vacuoles did not contain bone crystals. 5) Vacuoles with cell organelles were increased in number. The majority of these vacuoles were identified as autolysosomes because they contained acid phosphatase and the enclosed cell organelles were partially digested. The above changes were present at all time intervals studied. The findings suggest that calcitonin decreases or inhibits bone resorption by osteoclasts. A decreased function of the osteoclasts may contribute to the hypocalcemic effect of the hormone. The increased number of autolysosomes is evidence of an enhanced autophagocytosis. Possible origins of the autolysosomes in osteoclasts are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00307190
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Osteoclasts and their relationship to bone as studied by electron microscopy (1972)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 135 (1972), S. 211-228 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Osteoclasts ; Rats ; Bone resorption ; Lysosomes ; Electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Osteoclasts in metaphyses from young rats were systematically sectioned at different levels. Two types of osteoclasts were recognized. One type had no ruffled border while the other, and predominant type contained a ruffled border in a part of its length; some of the latter contained two ruffled borders. The closest contact between osteoclast and bone occurred at the level of the ruffled border and this bone under the border showed characteristic changes indicative of resorption. In some osteoclasts the ruffled border consisted of numerous slender cytoplasmic projections separated by very narrow spaces or channels while in other osteoclasts it was more open. The ruffled border was commonly surrounded by a transitional zone containing numerous thin filaments. The osteoclast usually had its greatest dimension at the level of the ruffled border and the cytoplasm here contained many bodies and vacuoles but a sparse endoplasmic reticulum. Away from the level of the ruffled border the cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies were fewer while the endoplasmic reticulum was often more pronounced. Parts of the osteoclasts were usually situated close to a vessel. It is suggested that there is a correlation between the development of the ruffled border and the degree of bone resorption and that osteoclasts without a ruffled border are, at least temporarily, inactive with respect to bone resorption. The numerous cytoplasmic bodies, interpreted as lysosomes, are presumed to be important in the resorption process. The closely adjacent positioning of osteoclasts and vessels may facilitate the transport of resorption products to the blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315127
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  • 7
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    Cytoplasmic vacuoles and bodies of the osteoclast (1972)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 8
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    Osteoclasts and their relationship to bone as studied by electron microscopy (1972)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1972-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 9
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    Effects of calcitonin on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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  • 10
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    Effects of parathyroid hormone on osteoclasts in vivo (1973)
    Springer
    Details
    Publication Date: 1973-01-01
    Print ISSN: 0302-766X
    Electronic ISSN: 1432-0878
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Springer
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