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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Identification of trisomy in Macaca fascicularis by fluorescence in situ hybridization with a human chromosome 13 DNA library (1994)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 94 (1994), S. 247-251 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A juvenile macaque monkey with abnormal phenotypic and behavioral features was studied cytogenetically. An additional autosome was found in over 90% of the animal's cultured cells. This chromosome, subsequently identified as number 16 in the macaque karyotype by G-banding, was shown to be mostly homologous with human chromosome 13 using fluorescence in situ hybridization of a human chromosome specific cosmid library. Although the monkey, now deceased, exhibited some abnormal physical and behavioral features, none of the severe clinical characteristics associated with human chromosome 13 trisomy were apparent. We suggest that the incomplete expression of 13-trisomy observed could result if the macaque chromosome were deficient in some of the region(s) of chromosome 13 common to humans affected with the disorder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00208278
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
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    Using three-color chromosome painting to test chromosome aberration models. (1993)
    National Academy of Sciences
    Details
    Publication Date: 1993-02-15
    Print ISSN: 0027-8424
    Electronic ISSN: 1091-6490
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General
    Published by National Academy of Sciences
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  • 3
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    Centromeric index measurement by slit-scan flow cytometry (1983)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1983-09-01
    Print ISSN: 0196-4763
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0320
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 4
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    Centromeric index versus DNA content flow karyotypes of human chromosomes measured by means of slit-scan flow cytometry (1987)
    Wiley
    Details
    Publication Date: 1987-05-01
    Print ISSN: 0196-4763
    Electronic ISSN: 1097-0320
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Published by Wiley
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  • 5
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    Metaphase yields from staphylococcal enterotoxin A stimulated peripheral blood lymphocytes of unirradiated and irradiated aged rhesus monkeys (1994)
    In:  Other Sources
    Details
    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: The mitogen phytohemagglutinin (PHA) works well in both human and cynomolgus monkey (Macaca fascicularis) lymphocyte cultures to stimulate T cell proliferation. T cells from rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) are less responsive than human cells, producing few metaphases when thousands are required, e.g. in biological dosimetry studies. We show that staphylococcal enterotoxin A (SEA), one of the most potent mitogens known, at a concentration of 0.5 microgram/ml stimulated peripheral lymphocytes to grow with a mitotic index (MI) averaging 0.13 metaphases/cell in old, irradiated rhesus macaques. This was significantly greater (p 〈 0.001) than that produced by PHA (MI 〈 0.01) in lymphocytes from the same animals. Whole blood was cultured for 96, 120 and 144 h for five irradiated individuals and for two controls. All cells cultured with SEA produced a high MI with a peak response at 120 h whereas the same cultures showed low MI for each PHA stimulated culture.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: International journal of radiation biology (ISSN 0955-3002); Volume 66; 4; 381-4
    Format: text
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  • 6
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    Theoretical and experimental tests of a chromosomal fingerprint for densely ionizing radiation based on F ratios calculated from stable and unstable chromosome aberrations (1999)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: In the present study, F ratios for both stable chromosome aberrations, i.e. ratios of translocations to pericentric inversions, and unstable aberrations, i.e. dicentrics and centric rings, were measured using fluorescence in situ hybridization. F ratios for stable aberrations measured after exposure to low (2.89 Gy 60Co gamma rays) and high-LET (0.25 Gy 56Fe ions; 1.25 Gy 56Fe ions; 3.0 Gy 12C ions) radiation were 6.5 +/- 1.5, 4.7 +/- 1.6, 9.3 +/- 2.5 and 10.4 +/- 3.0, respectively. F ratios for unstable aberrations measured after low (2.89 Gy 60Co gamma rays) and high-LET (0.25 Gy 56Fe ions; 3.0 Gy 12C ions) radiations were 6.5 +/- 1.6, 6.3 +/- 2.3 and 11.1 +/- 3.7, respectively. No significant difference between the F ratios for low- and high-LET radiation was found. Further tests on the models for calculation of the F ratio proposed by Brenner and Sachs (Radiat. Res. 140, 134-142, 1994) showed that the F ratio may not be straightforward as a practical fingerprint for densely ionizing radiation.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: Radiation research (ISSN 0033-7587); Volume 151; 1; 85-91
    Format: text
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  • 7
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    Stability of the translocation frequency following whole-body irradiation measured in rhesus monkeys (1996)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: Chromosome translocations are persistent indicators of prior exposure to ionizing radiation and the development of 'chromosome painting' to efficiently detect translocations has resulted in a powerful biological dosimetry tool for radiation dose reconstruction. However, the actual stability of the translocation frequency with time after exposure must be measured before it can be used reliably to obtain doses for individuals exposed years or decades previously. Human chromosome painting probes were used here to measure reciprocal translocation frequencies in cells from two tissues of 8 rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) irradiated almost three decades previously. Six of the monkeys were exposed in 1965 to whole-body (fully penetrating) radiation and two were unexposed controls. The primates were irradiated as juveniles to single doses of 0.56, 1.13, 2.00, or 2.25 Gy. Blood lymphocytes (and skin fibroblasts from one individual) were obtained for cytogenetic analysis in 1993, near the end of the animals' lifespans. Results show identical dose-response relationships 28 y after exposure in vivo and immediately after exposure in vitro. Because chromosome aberrations are induced with identical frequencies in vivo and in vitro, these results demonstrate that the translocation frequencies induced in 1965 have not changed significantly during the almost three decades since exposure. Finally, our emerging biodosimetry data for individual radiation workers are now confirming the utility of reciprocal translocations measured by FISH in radiation dose reconstruction.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: International journal of radiation biology (ISSN 0955-3002); Volume 70; 3; 309-18
    Format: text
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  • 8
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    Dose reconstruction for individuals exposed to ionizing radiation using chromosome painting (1997)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: To be most useful, a biomarker for dose reconstruction should employ an end point that is highly quantitative, stable with time and easily measured. Reciprocal translocations have been shown to be a promising biomarker that is linked to both prior exposure and risk, and they can be measured easily and quantitatively using fluorescence in situ hybridization. In contrast to other biomarkers that are available, the frequency of reciprocal translocations in individuals exposed to whole-body radiation is stable with time after exposure, has rather small interindividual variability and can be measured accurately at low levels of exposure. Results from recent studies demonstrate that measurements of reciprocal translocation frequencies, facilitated by chromosome painting, can be used to reconstruct radiation dose for individuals exposed in the distant past.
    Keywords: Aerospace Medicine
    Type: Radiation research (ISSN 0033-7587); Volume 148; 5 Suppl; S33-8
    Format: text
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  • 9
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    Relationship between radiation-induced aberrations in individual chromosomes and their DNA content: effects of interaction distance (2001)
    In:  Other Sources
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    Publication Date: 2011-08-24
    Description: PURPOSE: To study the effect of the interaction distance on the frequency of inter- and intrachromosome exchanges in individual chromosomes with respect to their DNA content. Assumptions: Chromosome exchanges are formed by misrejoining of two DNA double-strand breaks (DSB) induced within an interaction distance, d. It is assumed that chromosomes in G(0)/G(1) phase of the cell cycle occupy a spherical domain in a cell nucleus, with no spatial overlap between individual chromosome domains. RESULTS: Formulae are derived for the probability of formation of inter-, as well as intra-, chromosome exchanges relating to the DNA content of the chromosome for a given interaction distance. For interaction distances 〈1 microm, the relative frequency of interchromosome exchanges predicted by the present model is similar to that by Cigarran et al. (1998) based on the assumption that the probability of interchromosome exchanges is proportional to the "surface area" of the chromosome territory. The "surface area" assumption is shown to be a limiting case of d--〉0 in the present model. The present model also predicts that the probability of intrachromosome exchanges occurring in individual chromosomes is proportional to their DNA content with correction terms. CONCLUSION: When the interaction distance is small, the "surface area" distribution for chromosome participation in interchromosome exchanges has been expected. However, the present model shows that for the interaction distance as large as 1 microm, the predicted probability of interchromosome exchange formation is still close to the surface area distribution. Therefore, this distribution does not necessarily rule out the formation of complex chromosomal aberrations by long-range misrejoining of DSB.
    Keywords: Life Sciences (General)
    Type: International journal of radiation biology (ISSN 0955-3002); Volume 77; 7; 781-6
    Format: text
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