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  • 1
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    Assessing Volcanic Controls on Miocene Climate Change (2022)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-25
    Description: The Miocene period saw substantially warmer Earth surface temperatures than today, particularly during a period of global warming called the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO; ∼17–15 Ma). However, the long‐term drivers of Miocene climate remain poorly understood. By using a new continuous climate‐biogeochemical model (SCION), we can investigate the interaction between volcanism, climate and biogeochemical cycles through the Miocene. We identify high tectonic CO2 degassing rates and further emissions associated with the emplacement of the Columbia River Basalt Group as the primary driver of the background warmth and the MMCO respectively. We also find that enhanced weathering of the basaltic terrane and input of explosive volcanic ash to the oceans are not sufficient to drive the immediate cooling following the MMCO and suggest that another mechanism, perhaps the change in ocean chemistry due to massive evaporite deposition, was responsible.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The Miocene period was much warmer than today, with the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO, roughly 17–15 million years ago) especially warm. Due to the high surface temperatures, comparisons to projected climatic conditions as a result of anthropogenic climate change have been drawn. However, the drivers of climate during the Miocene are not well understood. By using a new type of climate model, we investigate the impact volcanic eruptions had on the period, and link the extreme warmth of the MMCO with greenhouse gas release from the eruption of the Columbia River Basalts Group (CRBG). We find weathering of the CRBG does not explain the cooling at the end of the MMCO, and so discuss other potential explanations such as evaporite deposition.
    Description: Key Points: A new climate‐biogeochemical model allows investigation of drivers of climate change in the Miocene. Columbia River Basalt Group (CRBG) degassing is sufficient to have caused the Mid Miocene Climatic Optimum (MMCO). Weathering of CRBG insufficient to drive cooling after the MMCO. This may be linked to evaporite deposition and changes to marine chemistry.
    Description: UK Natural Environment Research Council
    Description: French Research Agency (ANR)
    Keywords: ddc:551
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 2
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    Tephra Deposition and Bonding With Reactive Oxides Enhances Burial of Organic Carbon in the Bering Sea (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2022-03-24
    Description: Preservation of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments exerts a major control on the cycling of carbon in the Earth system. In these marine environments, OC preservation may be enhanced by diagenetic reactions in locations where deposition of fragmental volcanic material called tephra occurs. While the mechanisms by which this process occurs are well understood, site‐specific studies of this process are limited. Here, we report a study of sediments from the Bering Sea (IODP Site U1339D) to investigate the effects of marine tephra deposition on carbon cycling during the Pleistocene and Holocene. Our results suggest that tephra layers are loci of OC burial with distinct δ13C values, and that this process is primarily linked to bonding of OC with reactive metals, accounting for ∼80% of all OC within tephra layers. In addition, distribution of reactive metals from the tephra into non‐volcanic sediments above and below the tephra layers enhances OC preservation in these sediments, with ∼33% of OC bound to reactive phases. Importantly, OC‐Fe coupling is evident in sediments 〉700,000 years old. Thus, these interactions may help explain the observed preservation of OC in ancient marine sediments.
    Description: Plain Language Summary: The burial of organic carbon (OC) in marine sediments is one of the major carbon sinks on Earth, meaning that it removes carbon dioxide from the ocean‐atmosphere system. However, the speed at which burial occurs varies across the globe, and is dependent on a range of factors, from the amount of nutrients in the water column, to the type of sediment. Despite evidence suggesting that when tephra is deposited to the seafloor carbon burial is enhanced, very little work has been done to investigate this process. We have therefore analyzed sediments from the Bering Sea, where volcanoes from the Aleutian Islands and Kamchatka regularly deposit tephra in the ocean. We found that OC burial is indeed associated with ash deposition, and importantly, that OC is preserved in the ash layers themselves. We show here that this carbon is preserved effectively because of chemical reactions between the OC and reactive iron, which is released by the ash, creating conditions which preserve carbon for hundreds of thousands of years.
    Description: Key Points: Tephra layers are loci of marine organic carbon (OC) burial with distinct carbon isotopic compositions. Preservation primarily linked to association of OC with reactive iron phases, accounting for ∼80% of all OC in tephra layers. OC‐reactive Fe coupling is observed in sediments 〉700,000 years old, indicating long‐term persistence of these complexes.
    Description: NERC
    Keywords: ddc:551.9
    Language: English
    Type: doc-type:article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 3
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    (Figure 3) Dust flux determined from peat core MOHOS in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-07
    Keywords: Calendar age; COMPCORE; Composite Core; Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Dust, flux; MOHOS; Mohos, Romania; see reference(s)
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 312 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 4
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    Age determination and dust flux of peat core MOHOS (2017)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Longman, Jack; Veres, Daniel; Ersek, Vasile; Salzmann, Ulrich; Hubay, Katalin; Borman, Marc; Wennrich, Volker; Schäbitz, Frank (2017): Periodic input of dust over the Eastern Carpathians during the Holocene linked with Saharan desertification and human impact. Climate of the Past, 13(7), 897-917, https://doi.org/10.5194/cp-13-897-2017
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-23
    Description: Reconstructions of dust flux have been used to produce valuable global records of changes in atmospheric circulation and aridity. These studies have highlighted the importance of atmospheric dust in marine and terrestrial biogeochemistry and nutrient cycling. By investigating a 10800-year-long paleoclimate archive from the Eastern Carpathians (Romania) we present the first peat record of changing dust deposition over the Holocene for the Carpathian-Balkan region. Using qualitative (X-ray fluorescence (XRF) core scanning) and quantitative inductively coupled plasma optical emission spectrometer(ICP-OES) measurements of lithogenic (K, Si, Ti) elements, we identify 10 periods of major dust deposition between 9500-9200, 8400-8100, 7720-7250, 6350-5950, 5450-5050, 4130-3770, 3450-2850, 2000-1450, 800-620, and 60 cal yr BP to present. In addition, we used testate amoeba assemblages preserved within the peat to infer local palaeohydroclimatic conditions. Our record highlights several discrepancies between eastern and western European dust depositional records and the impact of highly complex hydrological regimes in the Carpathian region. Since 6100 cal yr BP, we find that the geochemical indicators of dust flux have become uncoupled from the local hydrology. This coincides with the appearance of millennial-scale cycles in the dust input and changes in geochemical composition of dust. We suggest that this is indicative of a shift in dust provenance from local-regional (likely loess-related) to distal (Saharan) sources, which coincide with the end of the African Humid Period and the onset of Saharan desertification.
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 2 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 5
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    (Table 1) Age determination of peat core MOHOS in the Eastern Carpathians, Romania (2017)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-02-23
    Keywords: Age, 14C AMS; Age, 14C calibrated, IntCal13 (Reimer et al., 2013); Age, dated; Age, dated material; Age, dated standard deviation; Calendar age, maximum/old; Calendar age, minimum/young; COMPCORE; Composite Core; DEPTH, sediment/rock; MOHOS; Mohos, Romania; Sample, optional label/labor no
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 96 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 6
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    Geochemical results for 〈5 µm size fraction sediments of core PS75/056-1 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-22
    Description: This dataset contains the geochemical results for the dust fraction (〈5 µm size fraction) of sediment core PS75/056-1 from the South Pacific Subantarctic Zone (55.16°S, 114.78°W; 3581 m water depth) collected during R/V Polarstern expedition ANT-XXVI/2 (PS75 BIPOMAC) in 11/2009-01/2010 (Gersonde, 2011, doi:10.2312/BzPM_0632_2011). The original lithogenic dust provenance signal was extracted from a total of 108 samples (incl. 13 full replicates) between 0.03 and 9.93 m core depth covering the period from ~8,000 to ~260,000 years before present. The age model is from van der Does et al. (2021, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106978). All samples were analyzed for their trace element content using a ThermoFinnigan Element II ICP-MS and their radiogenic isotope composition (Nd, Pb, Sr) was analyzed with a ThermoScientific Neptune Plus MC-ICP-MS at the ICBM in Oldenburg, Germany
    Keywords: Adopted from van der Does et al. (2021); AGE; ANT-XXVI/2; Barium; Calculated, PAAS-normalized (Taylor and McLennan, 1985); Cerium; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Dust provenance; Dysprosium; Erbium; Europium; Europium anomaly; Gadolinium; Gravity corer (Kiel type); Holmium; ICP-MS, Thermo Finnigan, Element 2; Iron fluxes; Laboratory code/label; Lanthanum; Lanthanum/Ytterbium ratio; Lead; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio, standard deviation; Lead-206/Lead-204 ratio, standard error; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio, standard deviation; Lead-207/Lead-204 ratio, standard error; Lead-207/Lead-206 ratio; Lead-207/Lead-206 ratio, standard deviation; Lead-207/Lead-206 ratio, standard error; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio, standard deviation; Lead-208/Lead-204 ratio, standard error; Lead-208/Lead-206 ratio; Lead-208/Lead-206 ratio, standard deviation; Lead-208/Lead-206 ratio, standard error; Lutetium; Multi-collector ICP-MS (MC-ICP-MS), Neptune Plus, Thermo; Neodymium; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio; Neodymium-143/Neodymium-144 ratio, standard error; Polarstern; Praseodymium; PS75/056-1; PS75 BIPOMAC; Radiogenic isotopes; Rare earth elemets; Samarium; Sample comment; SL; Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds; Southern Ocean; South Pacific Ocean; Strontium; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, standard deviation; Strontium-87/Strontium-86 ratio, standard error; Terbium; Thulium; Ytterbium; Zirconium; ε-Neodymium; ε-Neodymium, standard deviation; ε-Neodymium, standard error
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 5019 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 7
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    Source apportionment results for 〈5 μm size fraction sediments of core PS75/056-1 (2022)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-08-22
    Description: This dataset contains the source apportionment results for the dust fraction (〈5 µm size fraction) of sediment core PS75/056-1 from the South Pacific Subantarctic Zone (55.16°S, 114.78°W; 3581 m water depth) collected during R/V Polarstern expedition ANT-XXVI/2 (PS75 BIPOMAC) in 11/2009-01/2010 (Gersonde, 2011, doi:10.2312/BzPM_0632_2011). The original lithogenic dust provenance signal was extracted from a total of 108 samples (incl. 13 full replicates) between 0.03 and 9.93 m core depth covering the period from ~8,000 to ~260,000 years before present. The age model is from van der Does et al. (2021, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106978). The source apportionment was calculated using PS75/056-1 dust fraction radiogenic isotope compositions (doi:10.1594/PANGAEA.947018) and the Bayesian mixing model MixSIAR (Longman et al, 2018, doi:10.1038/s41598-018-24474-0; Stock et al., 2018, doi:10.7717/peerj.5096). Mean values of dust grain size reported together with the source apportionment results were previously published by van der Does et al. (2021, doi:10.1016/j.quascirev.2021.106978)). Iron (Fe) and Fe(II) flux data for PS75/056-1 (Shoenfelt et al., 2018, doi:10.1073/pnas.1809755115) were interpolated linearly to obtain values for the depths sampled for dust provenance work. The source-specific fluxes were calculated based on the relative contributions of the individual dust source regions to the total Fe input.
    Keywords: Adopted from van der Does et al. (2021); AGE; ANT-XXVI/2; Calculated; Comment; Depth, bottom/max; DEPTH, sediment/rock; Depth, top/min; Dust, aeolian; Dust provenance; Grain size, mean; Gravity corer (Kiel type); interpolated; Iron, flux; Iron fluxes; Iron II, flux; Polarstern; PS75/056-1; PS75 BIPOMAC; Radiogenic isotopes; Rare earth elemets; Sample comment; Sample ID; SL; Southern Hemisphere Westerly Winds; Southern Ocean; South Pacific Ocean
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 2675 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 8
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    Inorganic and organic geochemical composition of Mariana Trough tuffs and background sediments (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Keywords: GDGT; Mariana Trough; Tephra; TOC; trace elements
    Type: Dataset
    Format: application/zip, 3 datasets
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 9
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    Trace element compositions of samples from the Mariana Trough (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Keywords: 2018-TS09_TVG01-1; 2018-TS09_TVG01-2; 2018-TS09_TVG02-1; 2018-TS09_TVG02-2; 2018-TS09_TVG02-3; 2018-TS09_TVG05-1; 2018-TS09_TVG05-2; 2018-TS09_TVG05-3; 2018-TS09_TVG06-1; 2018-TS09_TVG06-2; 2018-TS09_TVG06-3; 2018-TS09_TVG07; Barium; Beryllium; Cadmium; Caesium; Cerium; Chromium; Cobalt; Copper; Dysprosium; Elevation of event; Erbium; Europium; Event label; Gadolinium; GDGT; Hafnium; Holmium; Indium; Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer, Agilent 7700X; Lanthanum; Latitude of event; Lead; Lithium; Longitude of event; Lutetium; Mariana Trough; Neodymium; Nickel; Niobium; Praseodymium; Rubidium; Samarium; Scandium; Strontium; Tantalum; Television-Grab; Tephra; Terbium; Thallium; Thulium; TOC; trace elements; TVG; Vanadium; Western Pacific Ocean; Ytterbium; Yttrium; Zinc; Zirconium
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 432 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
  • 10
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    GDGT distribution of Mariana Trough tuffs and background sediments (2023)
    PANGAEA
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-12-18
    Keywords: 2018-TS09_TVG01-1; 2018-TS09_TVG01-2; 2018-TS09_TVG02-1; 2018-TS09_TVG02-2; 2018-TS09_TVG02-3; 2018-TS09_TVG02-4; 2018-TS09_TVG02-5; 2018-TS09_TVG05-1; 2018-TS09_TVG05-2; 2018-TS09_TVG05-3; 2018-TS09_TVG05-4; 2018-TS09_TVG05-5; 2018-TS09_TVG06-1; 2018-TS09_TVG06-2; 2018-TS09_TVG06-3; 2018-TS09_TVG06-4; 2018-TS09_TVG07; 2018-TS09_TVG08; 2019-TS14_SY191-1; 2019-TS14_SY197-1; 2019-TS14_SY198-1; Average of rings; Branched and isoprenoid tetraether index; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ia; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ib; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, Ic; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIb'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIc'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIb'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIc'; Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, per unit mass total organic carbon; Carbon, organic, total; Comment; Crenarchaeol; Crenarchaeol isomer; Degree of cyclisation; Elevation of event; Event label; GDGT; Isoprenoid acyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Isoprenoid dicyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, per unit mass total organic carbon; Isoprenoid glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether/branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether ratio; Isoprenoid monocyclic glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether; Latitude of event; Liquid chromatography, Agilent 1200; coupled with Triple-quadruple mass spectrometer, Agilent 6460A; Longitude of event; Mariana Trough; Methylation index of branched tetraethers; PUC; Push corer; Sum; Sum branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIIa/Sum Branched glycerol dialkyl glycerol tetraether, IIa ratio; Television-Grab; Tephra; TOC; trace elements; TVG; Western Pacific Ocean; δ13C, total organic carbon
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 747 data points
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