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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sea level, climate change and coastal evolution in Morar, northwest Scotland (1998)
    Springer
    Netherlands journal of geosciences 77 (1998), S. 247-262 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-9708
    Keywords: dunes ; forcing mechanisms ; Holocene ; isolation basin ; management ; wetlands
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Analyses of geomorphologically contrasting sites in Morar, NW Scotland, describe the forcing mechanisms of coastal change. Isolation basins (i.e. basins behind rock sills and now isolated from the sea following isostatic uplift) accumulated continuous marine and freshwater sediments from c.12 to 2 ka BP. Raised dune, marsh and wetland sites register breaching, migration and stability of dunes from c. 9 to 2 ka BP. High-resolution methods designed to address issues of macroscale and microscale sea-level changes and patterns of storminess include 1-mm sampling for pollen, dinocyst and diatom analyses, infra-red photography, X-ray photography and thin-section analysis. The data enhance the record of relative sea-level change for the area. Major phases of landward migration of the coast occurred during the period of low sea-level rise in the mid-Holocene as the rate of rise decreased from c. 3 to 〈 1 mm/year. Relative sea-level change controls the broad pattern of coastal evolution at each site; local site-specific factors contribute to short-term process change. There is no record of extreme events such as tsunami. Within a system of dynamic metastable equilibrium, the Holocene records show that site-specific factors determine the exact timing of system breakdown, e.g. dune breaching, superimposed on regional sea-level rise. The global average sea-level rise of 3 to 6 mm/yr by AD 2050 predicted by IPCC would only partly be offset in the Morar area by isostatic uplift of about 1 mm/yr. A change from relative sea-level fall to sea-level rise, in areas where the regional rate of uplift no longer offsets global processes, is a critical factor in the management of coastal resources.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1003690921945
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanismus der Pyrylium/Pyridinium-Umwandlung; milde Bedingungen für die Gewinnung von Pyridinium-Ionen aus Aminen (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Zeitschrift für die chemische Industrie 92 (1980), S. 315-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0044-8249
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ange.19800920420
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanism of the Pyrylium/Pyridinium Ring Interconversion. Mild Preparative Conditions for Conversion of Amines into Pyridinium Ions (1980)
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Angewandte Chemie International Edition in English 19 (1980), S. 306-306 
    Details
    ISSN: 0570-0833
    Keywords: Chemistry ; General Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/anie.198003061
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  • 4
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    Holocene Interactions Between Glacier Retreat, Sea Ice Formation, and Atlantic Water Advection at the Inner Northeast Greenland Continental Shelf (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Paleoceanography and Paleoclimatology, 35(11), pp. 1-25, ISSN: 2572-4517
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-11-16
    Description: During the past four decades significant decrease in Arctic sea ice and a dramatic ice mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) has been coincident with global warming and an increase in atmospheric CO2. In Northeast Greenland significant mass loss from the outlet glaciers Nioghalvfjerdsbræ (79NG) and Zachariæ Isstrøm (ZI) and intensive seasonal breakup of the local Norske Øer Ice Barrier (NØIB) have also been observed since 2000. In order to better understand the processes driving these modern changes, studies of paleoclimate records are important and of major societal relevance. A multiproxy study including organic‐biogeochemical and micropaleontological proxies was carried out on a marine sediment core recovered directly in front of 79NG. Data from Core PS100/270 evidenced a strong inflow of warm recirculating Atlantic Water across the Northeast Greenland shelf from the early Holocene between ~10 and 7.5 ka. An overall high in phytoplankton productivity occurred within a stable sea ice margin regime, accompanied by 79NG retreat most probably triggered by peak solar insolation and changes in the local ocean circulation. Enhanced basal melt of the underside of 79NG at ~7.5 ka then led to the total disintegration of the ice shelf. The released freshwater would have driven water column stratification and promoted the formation of the local landfast ice barrier, which is shown by lowered biomarker values and foraminifera abundances toward the end of the early Holocene. Near perennial sea ice conditions with short summers and 79NG retreat to the inner fjord then prevailed from ~7.5 to ~0.8 ka.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 5
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    Late Pliocene Cordilleran Ice Sheet development with warm northeast Pacific sea surface temperatures (2020)
    In:  EPIC3Climate of the Past, 16(1), pp. 299-313, ISSN: 1814-9332
    Details
    Publication Date: 2020-05-13
    Description: The initiation and evolution of the Cordilleran Ice Sheet are relatively poorly constrained. International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) Expedition 341 recovered marine sediments at Site U1417 in the Gulf of Alaska (GOA). Here we present alkenone-derived sea surface temperature (SST) analyses alongside ice-rafted debris (IRD), terrigenous, and marine organic matter inputs to the GOA through the late Pliocene and early Pleistocene. The first IRD contribution from tidewater glaciers in southwest Alaska is recorded at 2.9 Ma, indicating that the Cordilleran Ice Sheet extent increased in the late Pliocene. A higher occurrence of IRD and higher sedimentation rates in the GOA during the early Pleistocene, at 2.5 Ma, occur in synchrony with SSTs warming on the order of 1 ∘C relative to the Pliocene. All records show a high degree of variability in the early Pleistocene, indicating highly efficient ocean–climate–ice interactions through warm SST–ocean evaporation–orographic precipitation–ice growth mechanisms. A climatic shift towards ocean circulation in the subarctic Pacific similar to the pattern observed during negative Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) conditions today occurs with the development of more extensive Cordilleran glaciation and may have played a role through increased moisture supply to the subarctic Pacific. The drop in atmospheric CO2 concentrations since 2.8 Ma is suggested as one of the main forcing mechanisms driving the Cordilleran glaciation.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 6
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    Mid to late Holocene strengthening of the East Greenland Current linked to warm subsurface Atlantic water (2015)
    PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD
    In:  EPIC3Quaternary Science Reviews, PERGAMON-ELSEVIER SCIENCE LTD, 129, pp. 296-307, ISSN: 0277-3791
    Details
    Publication Date: 2016-02-28
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
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  • 7
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    Reconstructing Late Quaternary retreat of the NE Greenland Ice Stream (2018)
    In:  EPIC3European Geosciences Union General Assembly 2018, Vienna, 2018-04-08-2018-04-13
    Details
    Publication Date: 2018-02-25
    Description: Today, the NE Greenland Ice Stream (NEGIS) drains ∼ 15% of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIs) and has a sea-level equivalent of 1.1-1.4 m. Stabilised downstream by two floating ice shelves, 79N and Zachariae Isstrom, until recently, it has shown little response to increased atmospheric and oceanic warming. However, since 2010 Zachariae Isstrom in particular has experienced an accelerated rate of grounding line retreat ( ∼ 4 km) and significant ice shelf loss. This suggests this sector of the GrIS is now responding to changes in oceanic and/or climatic conditions. To place these observations into context a better understanding of the response of NEGIS to past oceanic and temperature change beyond the instrumental record is necessary. The project ‘NEGIS’ led by Durham University, aims to reconstruct the history of the NEGIS from the Last Glacial Maximum (LGM) to present to better understand past ice stream response to a warming climate. This contribution presents results and interpretations from an offshore dataset collected on the RV Polarstern, cruise PS100, in 2016. Swath bathymetry, sub-bottom profile data and 41 sediment cores where collected from across the NE Greenland continental shelf, with data collection concentrated along the Norske Trough and the area directly in front of the 79N floating ice tongue. On the outer shelf streamlined subglacial bedforms, grounding-zone wedges and moraines as well as over-consolidated subglacial tills, record ice sheet advance to the shelf edge. A single radiocarbon date from a shelf edge core indicates that shelf edge deglaciation had begun by 17.9 ka cal BP. Ice shelf presence is captured in 25 cores from the outer shelf to the 79N floating ice tongue at the present day coast. Ice shelf recession is characterised by a switch from laminated sediments containing no ice rafted debris (IRD), to a massive mud containing gravel to pebble sized clasts. Preliminary foraminifera analysis indicates that the sub-ice shelf facies where poor in abundance and dominated by polar glacimarine species. However, before ice-shelf breakup an increase in foraminifera abundance occurs with a species assemblage dominated by the Cassidulina neoteritis, an Atlantic Water indicator, which continues to dominate the species assemblage in ice-shelf free conditions. This pattern implies that Atlantic Waters were present prior to ice shelf breakup and had a continued presence after ice shelf disappearance. This suggests that oceanic forcing likely played a significant role in the deglaciation of the NEGIS. Dating this transition in cores from across the NE Greenland continental shelf will provide the first constraint on both ice stream and ice shelf retreat since the LGM.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Conference , notRev
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  • 8
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    Holocene Interactions Between Glacier Retreat, Sea Ice Formation, and Atlantic Water Advection at the Inner Northeast Greenland Continental Shelf (2021)
    Details
    Publication Date: 2021-07-04
    Description: During the past four decades significant decrease in Arctic sea ice and a dramatic ice mass loss of the Greenland Ice Sheet (GIS) has been coincident with global warming and an increase in atmospheric CO2. In Northeast Greenland significant mass loss from the outlet glaciers Nioghalvfjerdsbræ (79NG) and Zachariæ Isstrøm (ZI) and intensive seasonal breakup of the local Norske Øer Ice Barrier (NØIB) have also been observed since 2000. In order to better understand the processes driving these modern changes, studies of paleoclimate records are important and of major societal relevance. A multiproxy study including organic‐biogeochemical and micropaleontological proxies was carried out on a marine sediment core recovered directly in front of 79NG. Data from Core PS100/270 evidenced a strong inflow of warm recirculating Atlantic Water across the Northeast Greenland shelf from the early Holocene between ~10 and 7.5 ka. An overall high in phytoplankton productivity occurred within a stable sea ice margin regime, accompanied by 79NG retreat most probably triggered by peak solar insolation and changes in the local ocean circulation. Enhanced basal melt of the underside of 79NG at ~7.5 ka then led to the total disintegration of the ice shelf. The released freshwater would have driven water column stratification and promoted the formation of the local landfast ice barrier, which is shown by lowered biomarker values and foraminifera abundances toward the end of the early Holocene. Near perennial sea ice conditions with short summers and 79NG retreat to the inner fjord then prevailed from ~7.5 to ~0.8 ka.
    Description: Key Points: Multiproxy record allowed reconstruction of NEG ice sheet retreat and sea ice history from the last deglaciation to the late Holocene. Increased inflow of warm recirculating Atlantic Water linked to retreat and disintegration of the 79NG between 10 and 7.5 ka. Extended to even perennial sea ice conditions were predominant on the inner NE Greenland shelf since 7.5 ka.
    Description: Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research (AWI) http://dx.doi.org/10.13039/501100003207
    Description: NERC Radiocarbon Laboratory
    Description: UK NERC
    Keywords: 551.31 ; sea‐ice ; Holocene ; biomarkers ; Northeast Greenland ; 79°Glacier ; Greenland Ice Sheet
    Type: article
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    CITATION GEO-LEO
  • 9
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    Direct measurement of warm Atlantic Intermediate Water close to the grounding line of Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79∘ N) Glacier, northeast Greenland (2023)
    Copernicus Publications
    In:  EPIC3The Cryosphere, Copernicus Publications, 17(5), pp. 1821-1837, ISSN: 1994-0416
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-10-19
    Description: The Northeast Greenland Ice Stream has recently seen significant change to its floating margins and has been identified as vulnerable to future climate warming. Inflow of warm Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) from the continental shelf has been observed in the vicinity of the Nioghalvfjerdsfjorden (79gg€¯N) Glacier calving front, but AIW penetration deep into the ice shelf cavity has not been observed directly. Here, we report temperature and salinity measurements from profiles in an epishelf lake, which provide the first direct evidence of AIW proximal to the grounding line of 79gg€¯N Glacier, over 50g€¯km from the calving front. We also report evidence for partial un-grounding of the margin of 79gg€¯N Glacier taking place at the western end of the epishelf lake. Comparison of our measurements to those close to the calving front shows that AIW transits the cavity to reach the grounding line within a few months. The observations provide support for modelling studies that infer AIW-driven basal melt proximal to the grounding line and demonstrate that offshore oceanographic changes can be rapidly transmitted throughout the sub-ice-shelf cavity, with implications for near-future stability of the ice stream.
    Repository Name: EPIC Alfred Wegener Institut
    Type: Article , isiRev
    Format: application/pdf
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  • 10
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    Foraminifera assemblages from POLARSTERN cruise ARK-X/2 sampled at the central East Greenland shelf (Foster Bugt) (2019)
    PANGAEA
    In:  Supplement to: Perner, Kerstin; Moros, Matthias; Lloyd, Jeremy M; Jansen, Eystein; Stein, Ruediger (2015): Mid to late Holocene strengthening of the East Greenland Current linked to warm subsurface Atlantic water. Quaternary Science Reviews, 129, 296-307, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.quascirev.2015.10.007
    Details
    Publication Date: 2023-06-27
    Description: The relatively fresh and cold East Greenland Current (EGC) connects the Arctic with the subpolar North Atlantic Ocean. Its strength and influence on the freshwater balance in the North Atlantic affects both the Subpolar Gyre dynamics and deep convection in the Labrador Sea. Enhanced freshwater and sea-ice expansion in the subpolar North Atlantic is suggested to modify the northward heat transport within the North Atlantic Current. High-resolution palaeoceanographic reconstructions, based on planktic and benthic foraminifera assemblage data, from the central East Greenland shelf (Foster Bugt) reveal distinct centennial to millennial-scale oceanographic variability that relates to climatic changes during the mid to late Holocene (the last c. 6.3 ka BP). Our data highlight intervals of cooling and freshening of the polar surface EGC waters that accompany warming in the subsurface Atlantic waters, which are a combination of chilled Atlantic Intermediate Water (AIW) from the Arctic Ocean and of the Return Atlantic Current (RAC) from the West Spitsbergen Current (WSC). Mid Holocene thermal optimum conditions prevailed until c. 4.5 ka BP. A thin/absent surface Polar Water layer, low drift/sea-ice occurrence and strong contribution of recirculating warm Atlantic waters at the subsurface, suggest a relatively weak EGC during this period. Subsequently, between 1.4 and 4.5 ka BP, the water column became well stratified as the surface Polar Water layer thickened and cooled, indicating a strong EGC. This EGC strengthening parallelled enhanced subsurface chilled AIW contribution from the Arctic Ocean after c. 4.5 ka BP, which culminated from 1.4 to 2.3 ka BP. This coincides with warming identified in earlier work of the North Atlantic Current, the Irminger Current, and the West Greenland Current. We link the enhanced contribution of chilled AtlanticWater during this period to the time of the 'RomanWarm Period'. The observed warming offshore East Greenland, centred at c. 1.8 ka BP, likely occurred in response to changes in the interactions of i) a weakened Subpolar Gyre; ii) increased northward heat advection in the North Atlantic Current, and iii) a predominant positive North Atlantic and Arctic Oscillation mode, prevailing during the time of the Roman Warm Period.
    Keywords: Age; AGE; ARK-X/2; Cassidulina neoteretis; East Greenland Current; East Greenland Sea; Event label; Foraminifera; Foraminifera, planktic; Giant box corer; GKG; Gravity corer (Kiel type); GREENClim; Islandiella norcrossi; Mid to late Holocene; Nonionella labradorica; Percentage; Polar front; Polarstern; PS2641-4; PS2641-5; PS31; PS31/154; Return Atlantic Current; SL; Subpolar gyre; subpolar North Atlantic
    Type: Dataset
    Format: text/tab-separated-values, 1764 data points
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    DATA PANGAEA
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