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A model for starting up and implementing continuous improvements and work development in practice (2005)

Ljungström, Martin

Bradford : Emerald

The @TQM magazine 17 (2005), S. 385-405

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ISSN: 0954-478X

Source: Emerald Fulltext Archive Database 1994-2005

Topics: Economics

Notes: Purpose - The purpose of the paper is to evaluate and further develop a model created to start-up the implementation of continuous improvements (CI) and work development (WD). Design/methodology/approach - The model is evaluated through action research at two different Swedish companies. Findings - The study indicates that companies using the model can be successful in the start-up of CI and WD and that the model creates opportunities to go further in both CI and WD issues. The study emphasizes the idea that facilitators are important for starting up and initiating a change in behaviour. The results also indicate the need for structural changes and a more profound competence in WD and coaching among managers to further develop a successful combination of CI and WD. Originality/value - The study shows that it is harder to implement daily CI activities in the administrative parts then at the shop floor.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/09544780510615915

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2

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Growth and nutrient dynamics of beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in acid soils (1995)

Ljungström, Martin ; Stjernquist, Ingrid

Springer

Plant and soil 176 (1995), S. 171-181

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: aluminium ; iron ; phosphorus ; relative growth rate ; relative uptake rate ; steady state

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The relative uptake rates of N, P, K, S, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn, Zn, Cu, and Al were estimated in beech seedlings pot cultured in the field in six acid soils (treatments). The relative uptake rates were compared with the relative growth rates. The relative uptake rates of N, K and Ca agreed well with the growth rates of the seedlings irrespective of widely differing soil conditions (acid sand-clayey till, pH 4–6). The relative uptake rates of P, Fe, and Al differed from that predicted by the growth rate. The uptake rates of Fe and Al were highest at the lowest growth rates, and the P uptake rate was lower than the growth rate in these treatments. Thus the P availability probably limited growth in an eluvial (E) horizon of a podzol, and possibly in the illuvial (B) horizon of a podzol and in an acid clayey till (Dystric Cambisol). Low P uptake was associated with a tendency towards higher relative root growth rates. In terms of the concept of steady state nutrition the high relative root growth rate in some treatments may be interpreted as an acclimation to low P supply. The P limitation seemed to be related to interactions among Fe, Al and organic compounds of the soil solution.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017687

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Factors toxic to beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in acid soils (1993)

Ljungström, Martin ; Stjernquist, Ingrid

Springer

Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 19-29

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: acidity ; aluminium ; beech ; biomass ; Fagus sylvatica L. ; H ; pH ; nutrient ; podzol ; regeneration ; roots ; seedlings ; soil ; toxicity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effects of highly and moderately acid soils on total biomass, biomass partitioning, fine root characteristics and nutritional status of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) were studied in a growth chamber experiment. In Haplic Arenosols seedlings grew slowly but equally well without damage symptoms in a highly acid and a moderately acid soil horizon. The moderately acid Ah+Bw-horizon of a Eutric Cambisol was favourable to seedling growth. The fine root development was reduced in the highly acid A+Bw-horizon of a Dystric Cambisol and in the Ah+E-horizon of a Haplic Podzol, the latter of which also caused increased mortality. Seedling growth in the B2-horizon of the Haplic Podzol was vigorous, in spite of a higher level of extractable Al and lower base saturation as compared with the Ah+E-horizon. These results are interpreted in relation to soil acidity, soil Al and nutritional status of the seedlings. We conclude that neither Al-toxicity nor nutrient deficiency cause the damage symptoms observed in the Ah+E-horizon of a Haplic Podzol and the fine root reduction in the A+Bw-horizon of a Dystric Cambisol. The damage symptoms of the PZhA treatment seems to be more the result of H-toxicity or H-related factors other than nutrient shortage or Al-toxicity. Other pH-related toxic factors are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02390223

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4

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Factors toxic to beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) seedlings in acid soils (1993)

Ljungström, Martin ; Stjernquist, Ingrid

Springer

Plant and soil 157 (1993), S. 19-29

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ISSN: 1573-5036

Keywords: acidity ; aluminium ; beech ; biomass ; Fagus sylvatica L. ; H ; pH ; nutrient ; podzol ; regeneration ; roots ; seedlings ; soil ; toxicity

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition

Notes: Abstract The effects of highly and moderately acid soils on total biomass, biomass partitioning, fine root characteristics and nutritional status of beech seedlings (Fagus sylvatica L.) were studied in a growth chamber experiment. In Haplic Arenosols seedlings grew slowly but equally well without damage symptoms in a highly acid and a moderately acid soil horizon. The moderately acid Ah+Bw-horizon of a Eutric Cambisol was favourable to seedling growth. The fine root development was reduced in the highly acid A+Bw-horizon of a Dystric Cambisol and in the Ah+E-horizon of a Haplic Podzol, the latter of which also caused increased mortality. Seedling growth in the B2-horizon of the Haplic Podzol was vigorous, in spite of a higher level of extractable Al and lower base saturation as compared with the Ah+E-horizon. These results are interpreted in relation to soil acidity, soil Al and nutritional status of the seedlings. We conclude that neither Al-toxicity nor nutrient deficiency cause the damage symptoms observed in the Ah+E-horizon of a Haplic Podzol and the fine root reduction in the A+Bw-horizon of a Dystric Cambisol. The damage symptoms of the PZhA treatment seems to be more the result of H-toxicity or H-related factors other than nutrient shortage or Al-toxicity. Other pH-related toxic factors are discussed.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00038744

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5

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Feeding frequency and parental division of labour in the double-brooded great tit Parus major (1988)

Smith, Henrik G. ; Källander, Hans ; Fontell, Kristina ; [et al.]

Springer

Behavioral ecology and sociobiology 22 (1988), S. 447-453

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ISSN: 1432-0762

Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000

Topics: Biology

Notes: Summary We studied the relative contribution of each sex and total effort expended in feeding nestlings in the great tit Parus major in relation to artificially altered brood size. A recent model suggests that feeding frequency should reflect the optimal trade-off between parental and fledgling survival, the former being negatively, the latter positively, influenced by high feeding frequencies. In both sexes weight loss was linearly related to feeding frequency. Since fledgling survival increases with nestling weight, the conditions of this model are fulfilled. However, in contrast to the predictions of the model, the total feeding frequency for both sexes combined did not differ between control and enlarged broods, but was lower for reduced ones. This outcome was not the result of a physiologically related inability of the parents to increase their delivery rate. Instead, we suggest that parents with enlarged broods could not find sufficient amounts of prey large enough to be economically worth transporting to the nest. Differences in brood-provisioning rates between the sexes may arise because costs and benefits of feeding nestlings may differ. Females lost more weight than males during the nesting period, but maintained a relatively higher weight during the incubation period. The relationship between weight loss and feeding frequency was similar for both sexes. Male and female brood-feeding frequency was related to brood size in a similar way. This is discussed in light of the great tit's mating system and the fact that the great tit is facultatively double-brooded.

Type of Medium: Electronic Resource

URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00294983

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