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  • 1
    Call number: M 04.0108 ; ILP/M 06.0107
    In: Publication of the International Lithosphere Programme
    Type of Medium: Monograph available for loan
    Pages: VI, 293 S. : Ill., graph. Darst.
    ISBN: 096658693X
    Series Statement: Publication of the International Lithosphere Programme 344
    Classification:
    Mineralogy
    Location: Upper compact magazine
    Location: Reading room
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
    Branch Library: GFZ Library
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 9 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Kokchetav Massif of northern Kazakhstan is unique because of the abundant occurrence of microdiamond inclusions in garnet, zircon and clinopyroxene of metasediments. In order to determine precise pressure–temperature (P–T) conditions, we have systematically investigated mineral inclusions and the compositions of major silicates in Ti–clinohumite–garnet peridotite and diamond-grade eclogite from Kumdy–Kol. It was found that garnet peridotites from Kumdy–Kol contain assemblages of garnet, olivine, Ti–clinohumite and ilmenite. The garnet contains inclusions that are indicative of both ultrahigh pressure (UHP) and retrograde conditions. Inclusions of hydrous phases such as chlorite, amphibole and zoisite were formed at the post-UHP stage. The study also found that eclogite from Kumdy–Kol contains albite–augite symplectites after omphacitic pyroxene. The core of pyroxene (sodic augite) contains high K2O (up to 1wt%; average 0.24wt%). Phengite is included in the core. Applying the K2O-in-augite geobarometry, which is based on recent experiments, and the garnet–clinopyroxene (Grt–Cpx) geothermometer for peak metamorphism, the eclogites yield P–T estimates of 〉 6 GPa and 〉 1000 °C, and the diamond-grade eclogites yield lower temperature estimates at 900–1000 °C and 5 GPa.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Petrogenetic grids for ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism were calculated at different Xco2 conditions in the model system CaO-MgO-SiO2-CO2-H2O involving coesite (Co), diopside (Di), dolomite (Do), enstatite (En), forsterite (Fo), magnesite (Ms), quartz (Qz), talc (Tc), tremolite (Tr) using a published internally consistent thermodynamic data set. Two P-T grids at Xco2= 0.01 and 0.5 are described. In the calculated P-T grid at Xco2= 0.01, four out of 10 stable invariant points, Co-En-Ms-Tc, Co-Di-En-Tc-Tr, Co-Di-Ms-Tc-Tr and Di-En-Ms-Tc-Tr lie within the stability field of coesite. If the fluid phase has Xco2= 0.5, no invariant point is stable under UHP conditions. Some magnesite-bearing assemblages are stabilized by the following three reactions: Di + Ms = Do + Fo + CO2, Ms + Tr = Do + Fo + CO2+ H2O and Ms + Tc = Fo+ CO2+ H2O at Xco2= 0.01 and by reaction Ms + Tc = Fo + CO2+ H2O together with these three at Xco2= 0.5. Ten possible UHP assemblages for mafic and ultramafic compositions at very low Xco2 conditions include the following: Co-Do-Ms, Co-Di-Ms, Co-Di-Tc, Di-Ms-Tc, Di-En-Tc-, Di-En-Ms, Co-Di-En, Di-En-Fo, Di-Fo-Ms, Di-Do-Fo. Among them, talc-bearing assemblages are restricted to Xco2 〈 0.02 and their high-P limit is 31.7 kb (749°C) at Xco2= 0.01. Dolomite-magnesite-silica assemblages have large P-T stability fields even if Xco2 is as low as 0.1, and could occur in cold subduction zones with very low geothermal gradients. Reported UHP coesite-dolomite assemblage is restricted only to a calc-silicate rock interlayered with marble where Xco2 is relatively higher; no such assemblage appears for mafic and ultramafic rocks with low Xco2 evidenced by the occurrence of diopside (or omphacite) at the expense of dolomite + coesite. The effect of Xco2 on the stability of coesite-dolomite-magnesite, diopside-enstatite-magnesite, diopside-talc assemblages is examined and the occurrence of coesite-dolomite, magnesite-bearing and talc-bearing assemblages in the Dabie UHP rocks are interpreted by employing the calculated P-T grids.
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 7 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: The Maowu garnet-bearing ultramafic body (∼ 250 × 〉 50 m2) in the Dabie ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) terrane has several distinct petrologic characteristics: (i) most rocks are layers of garnet-bearing ultramafics including orthopyroxenite and clinopyroxenite with minor harzburgite and omphacite-rich layers; these compositional layers range in thickness from 5 cm to 1.6 m; (ii) rutile is ubiquitous and is most abundant in clinopyroxenite (up to 1–2 vol%); (iii) monazite is common as inclusions in silicates and as a matrix phase; (iv) exsolved plates of magnetite occur in olivine (Fo93), and monazite in apatite; (v) chromite occurs as fine-grained inclusions in enstatite and clinohumite; (vi) hydrous phases including talc, clinochlore and amphibole are common as inclusions in coarse-grained garnet; and (vii) major silicates are high in Mg/(Mg + Fe) values. Most of the ultramafic rocks are high in rare earth elements (REE), P, Cr and TiO2, and are significantly different from Mg–Cr or Fe–Ti garnet peridotites which are common in the western Alps, Western Gneiss Region, and the Bohemian Massif. Well-foliated orthopyroxenite is composed of Grt (Prp60–74) + En (En92–96; 0.05–0.14 wt% Al2O3) + Chl (2–3 wt% Cr2O3) ± clinohumite ± magnesite ± Di (Di94–97) + chromite. Omphacitic rocks contain mainly elongated omphacite (〉 90 vol%) with rare garnet (Prp45Alm41Gr13), rutile, apatite, and monazite. Omphacites (Jd63–67Ac6–12Aug20–31) display pronounced compositional zoning and contain inclusions of coesite relics and quartz pseudomorphs after coesite. Minor retrograde phases include talc/tremolite after Px, Chl after Grt, Cpx (Jd49Ac13Aug38) and Ab after omphacite. Garnet-bearing ultramafic and omphacitic rocks have been subjected to UHP metamorphism at pressures of ∼ 35–50 kbar and 750 ± 50 °C under extremely low XCO2 conditions (〈 0.001); a minor amphibolite facies overprint took place at P 〈 15 kbar and 650 °C. The protoliths may be Proterozoic ultramafic crustal cumulates that were subjected to metasomatism prior to Triassic subduction to mantle depths of more than 100 km during the collision of the Sino-Korean and Yangtze Cratons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 3 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract In the Triassic suture between the Sino-Korean and Yangtze cratons, the Dabie metamorphic Complex in central China includes three tectonic units: the northern Dabie migmatitic terrane, the central ultrahigh-P coesite- and diamond-bearing eclogite belt, and the southern high-P blueschist-eclogite belt. This complex is bounded to the north by a north-dipping normal fault with a Paleozoic accretionary complex and to the south by a north-dipping reverse fault with Yangtze basement plus its foreland fold-and-thrust sequence. Great differences in metamorphic pressure suggests that these units reached different depths during metamorphism and their juxtaposition occurred by wedge extrusion of subducted old continental fragments. These units were subsequently subjected to (i) Barrovian type regional metamorphism and deformation at shallow depths; (ii) intrusion of Cretaceous granitic plutons; and (iii) doming and segmentation into several blocks by normal and strike-slip faults. A new speculative model of tectonic exhumation of UHP rocks is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 3 (1994), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Ultrahigh-pressure (UHP) metamorphism refers to mineralogical and structural readjustment of supracrustal protoliths and associated mafic-ultramafic rocks at mantle pressures greater than ∼ 25 kbar (80-90 km). Typical products include metapelite, quartzite, marble, granulite, eclogite, paragneiss and orthogneiss; minor mafic and ultramafic rocks occur as eclogitic-ultramafic layers or blocks of various dimensions within the supracrustal rocks. For appropriate bulk compositions, metamorphism at great depths produces coesite, microdiamond and other characteristic UHP minerals with unusual compositions. Thus far, at least seven coesite-bearing eclogitic terranes and three diamond-bearing UHP regions have been documented. All lie within major continental collision belts in Eurasia, have similar supracrustal protoliths and metamorphic assemblages, occur in long, discontinuous belts that may extend several hundred kilometers or more, and typically are associated with contemporaneous high-P blueschist belts. This paper defines the P-T regimes of UHP metamorphism and describes mineralogical, petrological and tectonic characteristics for a few representative UHP terranes including the western gneiss region of Norway, the Dora Maira massif of the western Alps, the Dabie Mountains and the Su-Lu region of east-central China, and the Kokchetav massif of the former USSR. Prograde P-T paths for coesite-bearing eclogites require abnormally low geothermal gradients (approximately 7°C/km) that can be accomplished only by subduction of cold, oceanic crust-capped lithosphere ± pelagic sediments or an old, cold continent. The preservation of coesite inclusions in garnet, zircon, omphacite, kyanite and epidote, and microdiamond inclusions in garnet and zircon during exhumation of an UHP terrane requires either an extraordinarily fast rate of denudation (up to 10 cm/year) or continuous refrigeration in an extensional regime (retreating subduction zone).
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract The Maksyutov Complex, situated in the southern Ural Mountains of Russia, is the first location where quartz aggregates within garnets exhibiting radial fractures were identified as coesite pseudomorphs (Chesnokov & Popov 1965). The complex consists of two tectonic units: a structurally lower eclogite-bearing schist unit and an overlying meta-ophiolite unit. Both units show evidence for multiple stages of metamorphism and deformation. The high-pressure metamorphism of the eclogite-bearing schist unit, discussed in this report, is suspected to be related to a collision between the Russian platform and a fragment of the Siberian continent during the early Cambrian. At least three stages of metamorphism (M1-3) and two stages of deformation (S1 and S2) were observed in thin sections: M1) garnet (Alm55-60, Prp22-28, Grs16-20) + omphacite (Jd46-56) + phengite (Si ≅ 3.5) + rutile; M2) garnet + glaucophane ± lawsonite + white mica; and M3) epidote + chlorite ± albite ± actinolite + white mica. Observed mineral parageneses define a retrograde P-T path for the eclogite. Mineral assemblages within the most representative eclogite from the lower unit of the Maksyutov Complex indicate minimum peak pressures of 15 kbar at temperatures of approximately 600°C. If the presence of coesite pseudomorph is confirmed, the peak ultrahigh-pressure metamorphism may be as high as 27 kbar at 615°C.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @island arc 4 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Notes: Abstract Altered quartz-rich and nearly quartz-free eclogitic rocks and completely retrograde quartz-rich garnet amphibolites occur as blocks or lenses in gneisses at Weihai, northeastern tip of the Sulu ultrahigh-P belt. Eclogitic rocks with assemblage garnet ± clinopyroxene ± coesite + rutile have experienced three-stage metamorphic events including ultrahigh-pressure eclogite, granulite and amphibolite facies. Granulite metamorphic event is characterized by formation of the hypersthene + salite + plagioclase ± hornblende corona between garnet and quartz + clinopyroxene. P-T conditions for the three-stage recrystallization sequence are 840 ± 50°C, 〉28 kbar, about 760±50°C, 9 kbar, and ~650°C, 〈8 kbar respectively. Most country rock gneisses contain dominant amphibolite-facies assemblages; some garnet-bearing clinopyroxene gneisses recrystallized under granulite-facies conditions at about 740±50°C and 8.5 kbar; similar to granulite-facies retrograde metamorphism of the enclosed eclogitic blocks. Minor cale-silicate lenses within gneisses containing an assemblage grossular + salite + titanite + quartz with secondary zoisite and plagioclase may have formed within a large pressure range of 14-35 kbar. Eclogitic boudins and quartzo-feldspathic country rocks may have experienced coeval in situ UHP and subsequent retrograde metamorphism. The established nearly isothermal decompression P-T path suggests that this area may represent the interior portion of a relatively large subducted sialic block. The recognized UHP terrane may extend eastward across the Yellow Sea to the Korean Peninsula.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 9 (2000), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford UK : Blackwell Science Pty
    The @island arc 7 (1998), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1440-1738
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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