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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catalytic Species in Some Alkyl Aluminum Titanium Iodide Catalysts for cis-1,4-Polybutadiene (1964)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Industrial and engineering chemistry 3 (1964), S. 199-203 
    Details
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/i360011a007
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The structure of the dihaem cytochrome b of fumarate reductase in Wolinella succinogenes: circular dichroism and sequence analysis studies
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)/Bioenergetics 1056 (1991), S. 243-249 
    Details
    ISSN: 0005-2728
    Keywords: Circular dichroism ; Cytochrome b ; Membrane protein ; Protein modelling ; Sequence analysis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0005-2728(05)80055-6
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of crack initiation and crack resistance using compact specimens, and comparison with results of numerical simulation of dynamically loaded wide plates
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Engineering and Design 151 (1994), S. 489-502 
    Details
    ISSN: 0029-5493
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0029-5493(94)90190-2
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrasound Velocity of Trabecular Cubes Reflects Mainly Bone Density and Elasticity (1999)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 64 (1999), S. 18-23 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Ultrasound—Velocity—Elasticity—Structure—Density.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Studies have indicated that quantitative ultrasound (QUS) variables may be influenced by the mechanical properties of bone which in turn are determined by bone's material and structural properties. However, from these studies it is unclear what role density, elasticity, and structure play in determining velocity. Eighteen defatted, 12-mm cubic trabecular bone specimens were cut from cadaveric specimens. Amplitude-dependent speed of sound (SOS) using a single point QUS system was assessed in three orthogonal axes. Magnetic resonance images were obtained, from which measures of apparent trabeuclar structure were derived. The specimens were nondestructively tested in compression along three orthogonal axes defined by the sides of the cubes. The elastic modulus (in the three directions) and the strength (in one direction) were determined. Trabecular BMD was measured by quantitative computed tomography. SOS varied significantly with direction of measurement, with the highest value in the axial direction (axial:1715 m/s, sagittal: 1662 m/second, and coronal: 1676 m/s). SOS of each of the three axes was generally associated with the various mechanical (r = 0.30–0.87), density (r = 0.81–0.93), and bone structural variables (0.3–0.8). However, after adjusting the SOS correlations by density, only the correlation with elasticity remained significant in the coronal direction. BMD alone explained 88–93% of variance in SOS whereas in the multivariate model, BMD plus elasticity and/or anisotropic variables explained 96–98% of the variance in SOS. Variability of SOS is explained mostly by density and to a small extent by elasticity or anisotropy. Since only 2–6% of the variance of the QUS measurement is not explained by density and elasticity, one could conclude that the remaining variance reflects other properties of bone or perhaps simply measurement error. Evidence that these other properties may be structure related is only found in the anisotropy of QUS parameter.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900572
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Unraveling the Role of Structure and Density in Determining Vertebral Bone Strength (1997)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 61 (1997), S. 474-479 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Key words: Vertebral strength — Magnification radiographs — Texture — Quantitative computed tomography.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. The strength of bone is determined not only by bone density but also by structure. Therefore, quantification of the structure in radiographs by texture parameters may result in a better prediction of fracture risk. Since in radiographs density and structure are strongly correlated, the predictive power of texture parameters should be corrected for the influence of BMD to determine the additional information conveyed by these parameters. In this study, we evaluated the predictive power of various texture parameters based on the Grey-Level Dependence Method and the Morphological Gradient Method. This study was performed on 67 vertebrae obtained from 20 male and 12 female human cadaver thoracolumbar spines. BMD and area of the vertebral body were determined from QCT images and texture parameters were derived from direct magnification (DIMA) radiographs. The fracture force, measured under conditions simulating the in vivo situation, was corrected with the area of the vertebra to yield the fracture stress (FS). Results of the study indicate that BMD correlates significantly with FS r= 0.82 (P 〈 0.001, n= 24) and r= 0.94 (P 〈 0.001, n= 43) for female and male vertebrae, respectively. Correlation coefficients of the investigated texture parameters were as high as 0.80 (P 〈 0.001) and 0.67 (P 〈 0.001) for the female and male vertebrae, respectively. Multiple regression analysis showed that in female vertebrae, the addition of one texture parameter to BMD results in a better prediction of strength. The multiple correlation coefficient was 0.87 (P 〈 0.001) in this case. In male vertebrae, BMD was the best predictor of fracture stress. These results suggest that texture parameters, as measured in magnification radiographs, can predict bone strength. Whereas in all cases BMD is the best single predictor of bone strength, for women texture parameters contain useful additional information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900370
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Power Spectral Analysis of Vertebral Trabecular Bone Structure from Radiographs: Orientation Dependence and Correlation with Bone Mineral Density and Mechanical Properties (1998)
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 63 (1998), S. 482-489 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Abstract. Trabecular bone structure and bone density contribute to the strength of bone and are potentially important in the study of osteoporosis. Fourier transforms of the textural patterns in radiographs of trabecular bone have previously been used for the measurement of trabecular bone structure in subjects, however, the relationship between these measures and biomechanical properties of bone have not previously been established. In this study radiographs were acquired of 28 cubic specimens of spinal trabecular bone along each of the three anatomic axes: cranio-caudal or superior-inferior (SI), medial-lateral (ML), and anterior-posterior (AP). The radiographs were digitized, background corrected, and uniformly aligned. The Fast Fourier transform (FFT) was performed on a region comprised solely of trabecular bone for each image. The zero (DC), first (FMO), and second moments (SMO) of the Fourier power spectrum and the fractal dimension (FD) as determined from the Fourier power spectrum were correlated with stereology measures, with bone mineral density (BMD) as well as with measured biomechanical properties [Young's elastic modulus (YM) and ultimate strength] of the cubes. The results show that the power spectra-based measures, when compared with structural parameters determined using 3D stereology, show good correlations with bone volume fraction, trabecular spacing, thickness, and number. These power spectral measures showed fair to good correlations with BMD and the biomechanical properties. Moreover, the correlations between the power spectral measures of trabecular structure and the BMD, YM, and stereology measures of structure depend on the orientation of the radiographic image. Specifically, these were significant differences in the measured biomechanical properties and the power spectral measures of the trabecular structure between the SI and ML and the SI and AP directions. In addition, depending on the spatial frequency range for analysis, the fractal dimension showed opposite trends with changes in BMD and biomechanical properties. Multivariate regression models showed the correlation coefficients increasing with the inclusion of some of the power spectral measures, suggesting that FFT-based texture analysis may play a potential role in studies of osteoporosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002239900562
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A new route to 10-membered ring analogues of neocarzinostatin chromophore
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Tetrahedron Letters 31 (1990), S. 6625-6628 
    Details
    ISSN: 0040-4039
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0040-4039(00)97131-4
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Organization and function of cytochromeb and ubiquinone in the cristae membrane of beef heart mitochondria (1986)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 18 (1986), S. 157-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: Ubiquinone ; bc 1 complex ; cytochromec reductase ; cytochromeb ; iron-sulfur protein ; electrogenic e− transport ; redox-linkedpK change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The arrangement and function of the redox centers of the mammalianbc 1 complex is described on the basis of structural data derived from amino acid sequence studies and secondary structure predictions and on the basis of functional studies (i.e., EPR data, inhibitor studies, and kinetic experiments). Two ubiquinone reaction centers do exist—a QH2 oxidation center situated at the outer, cytosolic surface of the cristae membrane (Q0 center), and a Q reduction center (Q i center) situated more to the inner surface of the cristae membrane. The Q0 center is formed by theb-566 domain of cytochromeb, the FeS protein, and maybe an additional small subunit, whereas the Q i center is formed by theb-562 domain of cytochromeb and presumably the 13.4kDa protein (“QP-C”). The “Q binding proteins” are proposed to be protein subunits of the Q reaction centers of various multiprotein complexes. The path of electron flow branches at the Q0 center, half of the electrons flowing via the high-potential cytochrome chain to oxygen and half of the electrons cycling back into the Q pool via the cytochromeb path connecting the two Q reaction centers. During oxidation of QH2, 2H+ are released to the cytosolic space and during reduction of Q, 2H+ are taken up from the matrix side, resulting in a net transport across the membrane of 2H+ per e− flown from QH2 to cytochromec, the H+ being transported across the membrane as H (H+ + e−) by the mobile carrier Q. The authors correct their earlier view of cytochromeb functioning as a H+ pump, proposing that the redox-linkedpK changes of the acidic groups of cytochromeb are involved in the protonation/deprotonation processes taking place during the reduction and oxidation of Q. The reviewers stress that cytochromeb is in equilibrium with the Q pool via the Q i center, but not via the Q0 center. Their view of the mechanisms taking place at the reductase is a Q cycle linked to a Q-pool where cytochromeb is acting as an electron pump.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00743462
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    What information do inhibitors provide about the structure of the hydroquinone oxidation site of ubihydroquinone: Cytochromec oxidoreductase? (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 25 (1993), S. 221-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Keywords: bc 1 complex ; cytochromeb ; iron-sulfur protein ; QP pocket ; model ; MOA inhibitor ; myxothiazol ; stigmatellin ; binding analysis ; mutant analysis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The Q cycle mechanism of thebc 1 complex requires two quinone reaction centers, the hydroquinone oxidation (QP) and the quinone reduction (QN) center. These sites can be distinguished by the specific binding of inhibitors to either of them. A substantial body of information about the hydroquinone oxidation site has been provided by the analysis of the binding of QP site inhibitors to thebc 1 complex in different redox states and to preparations depleted of lipid or protein components as well as by functional studies with mutantbc 1 complexes selected for resistance toward the inhibitors. The reaction site is formed by at least five protein segments of cytochromeb and parts of the iron-sulfur protein. At least two different binding sites for QP site inhibitors could be detected, one for the methoxyacrylate-type inhibitors binding predominantly to cytochromeb, the other for the chromone-type inhibitors and hydroxyquinones binding predominantly to the iron-sulfur protein. The interactions with the protein segments, between different protein segments, and between protein and ligands (substrate, inhibitors) are discussed in detail and a working model of the QP pocket is proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00762584
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Derivation of the J-integral in nonlinear elastodynamics for finite deformations and finite crack tip radius (1995)
    Springer
    International journal of fracture 72 (1995), S. R47 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2673
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00037317
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