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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Block copolymer of polyurethanes with poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 3 (1996), S. 105-114 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Aromatic polyamide ; Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) ; PmIA-PU copolymers ; Conventional polyurethane
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this study,we modified two kinds of conventional polyurethane (PU) by the low molecular weight diamine-terminated wholly-rigid aromatic polyamide poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PmIA) (Nomex). Two molecular weights (1000 and 2000) of poly(tetramethylene glycol) (PTMG) with 4,4′-diphenylene methane diisocyanate (MDI) and with three different ratios of low molecular weight diamine-terminated PmIA prepolymer with different molecular weight of 346, 584, 823 were synthesized to form six PmIA-PU block copolymers. Various block copolymers were also obtained by different ratios of wholly-rigid PmIA prepolymers. Inherent viscosity results indicated that the block copolymers are more viscous than conventional polyurethanes, suggesting that the block copolymers had sufficiently high molecular weights. Moreover, results obtained from differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and dynamic mechanical properties analysis (DMA) demonstrated that the block copolymers not only exhibited a glass transition temperature (Tg) under 0 °C, but also had a higher storage modulus (E′) than those of the conventional PU. Opitical microscopy (OM), phase contrast microscopy (PCM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analyses confirmed that all of the block copolymers had a dispersed phase structure. The mechanical properties, tensile strength and 300% modulus of the block copolymers were found to be better than those of conventional PU.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01492901
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of nylon-6 with semi-or wholly-aromatic polyamides (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of polymer research 5 (1998), S. 51-58 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-8935
    Keywords: Aromatic polyamide ; Nylon-6 ; Poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) ; Poly(4,4′-diphenylmethane terephthalamide) ; Poly(4,4′-diphenylsulfone terephthalamide)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, flexible Nylon-6 was reinforced by semi-or wholly-aromatic polyamides; poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PmIA), poly(4,4′-diphenylmethane terephthalamide) (PMA), and poly(4,4′-diphenylsulfone terephthalamide) (PSA). Various high molecular weight block copolyamides were synthesized by solution polymerization using p-aminophenylacetic acid (p-APA) as a coupling agent. Their thermal properties have shown that the block copolyamides exhibit higher Tg and Tm, and better thermal stability than those of Nylon-6, especially PmIA modified Nylon-6. The order of their thermal properties of aromatic modified Nylon-6 copolyamides is PmIA 〉 PMA 〉 PSA. Moreover, the Tg and Tm of multiblock copolyamides are higher than those of triblock copolyamides. From the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern, it is found that the triblock copolyamides have two diffraction peaks, i.e., 2θ = 20.5° and 24°. However, the multiblock has only one peak at 2θ = 20°, indicating a different crystal structure for multiblock copolyamides. For the mechanical properties, it is found that the multiblock copolyamides have a more significant reinforcing effect than the triblock copolyamides. Also, the order of the physical properties of aromatic modified Nylon-6 copolyamides, such as tensile strength, is PmIA 〉 PMA 〉 PSA, but for the elongation PSA 〉 PMA 〉 PmIA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10965-006-0040-0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of nylon-6 with semi-rigid and wholly-rigid aromatic polyamides (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 2040-2052 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Nylon-6 was reinforced by two semi-rigid aromatic polyamides, poly(p-diphenylmethyl terephthalamide) (PMA), and poly(p-diphenyloxide terephthalamide) (POA), and also one wholly-rigid aromatic polyamide, poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PmlA) by physical blending and chemical copolymerization usingp-amino phenyl acetic acid (P-APA) as a coupling agent. From the results of differential scanning-calorimetry, it was shown that both the polyblends with semi-rigid and wholly-rigid polyamides exhibited a glass transition temperature,Tg, higher than that of nylon-6 homopolymer. It also showed that theT gs of wholly-rigid polyblends were higher than those of semi-rigid polyblends. Nevertheless, the multiblock copolyamides appeared to have even higherT g andT m, and better thermal stability. Morphological observations revealed that all the polymer alloys (polyblends and copolymers) were a dispersed phase structure, although the multiblock copolyamides were more homogeneous and compatible. Based on wide-angle X-ray diffraction, it was found that the polyblends had two diffraction peaks, i.e. 2θ = 20.5 ° and 24 °. However, the multiblock copolyamides had only one peak at 2θ = 20 °, evidently indicating a new crystal structure of the multiblock copolyamides formed. For the mechanical properties, it was found that the multiblock copolyamides had a more significant reinforcing effect than those of polyblends, especially those copolymerizing with wholly aromatic polyamides.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01154678
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of polyurethane with wholly-rigid poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 824-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Flexible polyurethane (PU) was reinforced by wholly-rigid aromatic polyamide poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PmlA) (Nomex) by physical polyblending and chemical copolymerization. Three polyurethane elastomers were blended physically with various amounts of high molecular weight Nomex to form twelve PU/Nomex polyblends in order to modify their physical properties. Also three multiblock copolyamides (PU-Nomex)were synthesised with a low molecular weight diamine-terminated Nomex prepolymer as a hydrogen donor for chain extending. From differential scanning calorimetry and Rheovibron measurements it was shown that both the polyblends and multiblock copolyamides exhibited a glass transition temperature under 0 °C and had a higher storage modulus, E′, than those of the polyurethane. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the polyblends and multiblock copolyamides had a dispersed phase structure. From the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern of the polyurethane and multiblock copolyamides it was found that the degree of stress-induced crystallization was dependent on the composition of the soft and hard segments and also the degree of its stretching. With regard to mechanical properties, it was found that both the tensile strength and elongation of the multiblock copolyamides had a more significant reinforcing effect than those of the polyblends and polyurethanes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356347
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The block copolymer of nylon 6 with wholly rigid poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1991), S. 1052-1055 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720122
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of nylon-6 with poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) via MDI as a chain extender (1993)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 28 (1993), S. 4862-4867 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Reinforcement of flexible nylon-6 by using poly (m-phenylene isophthalamide) PmIA (Nomex) using (MDI) 4,4′-diphenylene methane diisocyanate as a chain extender was studied. Observation by scanning electron microscopy showed that the multiblock copolymer had a homogeneous texture. From the differential scanning calorimetry measurements, the multiblock copolymers were shown to have only one melting point, T m, which is higher than that of nylon-6. The wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern shows that nylon-6 has two diffraction peaks at 2θ=20° and 23.8°. However, the multiblock copolymer has only one peak at 2θ=20°, indicating a different crystal structure of multiblock copolymers. The copolymers appear to have a significant reinforcing effect on the mechanical properties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00361148
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The block copolymer of nylon-6 with semi-rigid poly(p-diphenylmethyl terephthalamide) (1994)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 29 (1994), S. 1179-1184 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract In this study, the flexible nylon-6 was reinforced by the semi-rigid aromatic polyamide poly(p-diphenylmethyl terephthalamide) through chemical copolymerization using p-aminophenylacetic acid as a coupling agent. From differential scanning calorimetry it was discovered that theT g andT m of multiblock copolyamides were higher than those of triblock copolyamides. From observation by scanning electron microscopy the multiblock copolyamides exhibited a homogeneous texture rather than an aggregated one. We found that in wide-angle X-ray diffraction patterns the triblock copolyamides had two diffraction peaks, i.e. 2θ=20 and 24
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00975061
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mechanical behaviour of block copolymers of polyurethane with poly (4,4′-diphenylsulphone terephthalamide) (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 1302-1306 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Two poly (tetramethylene glycols) (PTMG), molecular weight of 650 and 2000, with 4,4′-diphenylmethane diisocyanate (MDI) and poly(4, 4′-diphenylsulphone terephthalamide) (PSA) prepolymer were polycondensated. Four different molar ratios of PTMG, MDI and PSA prepolymer were synthesized to form eight PU-PSA block copolymers. The mechanical properties including stress-strain and stress-relaxation measurements of each copolymer were discussed. The determined values of Young's modulus E, Mooney-Rivlin relation elastic parameters C1 and C2, relaxation moduli E1(0) and E2(0), relaxation time τ1 and τ2 were used to estimate the effect of hard segment and soft segment domains on the mechanical behaviour of copolymers. It was found that PU-PSA block copolymers apparently displayed elastic properties, especially using the molecular weight 2000 of PTMG which exhibited more elastic behaviour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00356135
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The polymer blend of nylon 6 with wholly rigid poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 10 (1991), S. 569-572 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00724440
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Modification of nylon-6 with wholly rigid poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (1991)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Applied Polymer Science 43 (1991), S. 259-269 
    Details
    ISSN: 0021-8995
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: In this study, the flexible nylon-6 was reinforced by the wholly rigid aromatic polyamide poly(m-phenylene isophthalamide) (PmIA) (Nomex) by physical polyblending and chemical copolymerization using p-aminophenylacetic acid (P-APA) as a coupling agent. From DSC measurements, it was shown that Tg of the polyblends increased with the increase of Nomex content. The Tg and Tm of multiblock copolyamides were found to be higher than those of polyblends and triblock copolyamides. Scanning electron microscopy revealed that the polyblends were a dispersed phase structure, although the multiblock copolyamides exhibited a homogeneous texture rather than an aggregated one. From the wide-angle X-ray diffraction pattern, it was found that the triblock copolyamides and polyblends had two diffraction peaks, i.e., 2 θ = 20.5 and 24°. However, the multiblock had only one at 2 θ = 20°, indicating a different crystal structure for multiblock copolyamides. For the mechanical properties, it was found that the multiblock copolyamides had a more significant reinforcing effect than those of polyblends and triblock copolyamides.
    Additional Material: 9 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/app.1991.070430205
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