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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The metastable Al-Zr alloy thin films prepared by alternate sputtering deposition (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 75 (1994), S. 2434-2440 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Al-Zr alloy thin films are prepared via alternate sputtering deposition. The as prepared films exhibit metastable phases including amorphous, cubic ZrAl3(L12), supersaturated Al-in-Zr close-packed hexagonal structures, and Zr-in-Al face-centered cubic solid solutions with uniform composition distribution. The amorphous phase occurs in the compositions ranging from 16.8 to 69.9 at. % Al. The formation of amorphous structure is considered to follow the mechanism of solid state reaction amorphization or surface diffusion induced mixing. Additionally, the formation of a metastable cubic ZrAl3 intermetallic compound is attributed to its low nucleation energy barrier with respect to the stable tetragonal ZrAl3 (DO23). The heat of crystallization of the amorphous phase is also measured to investigate the metastability of the amorphous phase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.356267
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Adhesion of multilayer solder pads on silicon (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 253-257 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Adhesion strengths of Al/Mo/Ni and Al/Zn/Ni-P multilayers on silicon were investigated with a pull test. Attempts were made to investigate the adhesion strengths of the structures on silicon for the Al unilayer, Al/Mo and Al/Zn bilayers, and Al/Mo/Ni and Al/Zn/Ni-P trilayers. Analysis of the fracture surface clearly revealed the effect of additional layers on the adhesion strengths of the Al deposit. The sputter-deposited Ni layer and the electrolessly deposited Ni-P layer tend to suppress the adhesion strength of the Al/Si. The zincating deposition may compensate for the negative effect of the Ni-P deposit on the adhesion strength of Al/Sl.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018570802816
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preparation of solder bumps incorporating electroless nickel-boron deposit and investigation on the interfacial interaction behaviour and wetting kinetics (1997)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1997), S. 377-383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Investigation of a method for preparing solder bumps on Al pads incorporating electroless nickel deposition and soldering for solder bumps was undertaken. The experimental variables included bath temperature and dipping velocity. The formation of intermetallic compounds and wetting kinetics between electroless Ni-B deposit and molten solder was also investigated. The interfacial interaction behaviour was studied with the aid of Auger depth profile and scanning electron microscopy. Intermetallic compounds Ni3Sn4 and Ni3Sn2 were formed between the Ni-B deposit and solder. Aluminium atoms diffuse through the intermetallic compound layer and dissolve in the solder when the electroless Ni-B deposit is entirely consumed. The contact angles of molten solder on a Ni-B deposit, measured with the sessile drop method, decrease with increasing temperature and time. The activation energy for wetting of molten solder on a Ni-B deposit was estimated to be 208.27 kcal mol-1.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018599609177
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The wetting of copper by Al–Zn–Sn solders (1998)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 9 (1998), S. 5-8 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Copper wetting times were measured for various Al–Zn–Sn solders using a wetting balance. Wettability of Cu with the Al–Zn–Sn solders was enhanced by increasing the Al and Zn contents. A scanning electron microscope (SEM) investigation on the solidified wetting sample revealed that diffusion of Al and Zn towards Cu is responsible for the observed wetting behaviour. The dipping speed is also important.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008970615193
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interactions between In-Sn solders and an electroless Ni-P deposit upon heat treatment (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 7 (1996), S. 397-401 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-482X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The interactions between In-Sn solders and an electroless Ni-P deposit within the multilayer combinations comprised of In-Sn/electroless Ni-P/Al were investigated with the aid of heat treatments at various temperatures and durations. The main reaction product was identified with X-ray diffractometry (XRD) as In3Ni2 regardless of the In-contents of the In-Sn solders. The formation of this In3Ni2 compound occurred through the diffusion of Ni towards the In-Sn solder. The intermetallic compound layer achieved its maximum thickness within 100 h upon heat treatment at 60
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00180776
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-Temperature Oxidation of a Sn-Zn-Al Solder (1998)
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 50 (1998), S. 255-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: PB-FREE SOLDER ; OXIDATION ; THERMAL GRAVIMETRIC ANALYSIS ; ACTIVATION ENERGY ; ESCA ; AUGER
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The oxidation of 91Sn-9(95Zn-5Al) solder in theliquid state, 250°C, was studied by thermalgravimetric analysis (TGA). The oxidation behavior of63Sn-37Pb, 91Sn-9Zn, 99.4Sn-0.6Al, and Sn was alsoinvestigated for comparison. The weight gains per unitsurface area descend in the order: 63Sn-37Pb 〉 Sn〉 91Sn-9Zn 〉 91Sn-9(95Zn-5Al) 〉 99.4Sn-0.6Al.The initial weight gains of the materials investigated increase linearly with reaction time, whileparabolic behavior exists after the linear stage. Therate constants of the oxidation reaction for the tworeaction stages were determined. Activation energies for oxidation of the five materials weredetermined in the range of 250 to 400°C. Theactivation energies, derived from the linear rateconstants for the early stages of oxidation, are 27.7kJ/mole for 99.4Sn-0.6Al, 23.3 kJ/mole for 91Sn-9Zn, 21.4kJ/mole for 91Sn-9(95Zn-5Al), 20.5 kJ/mole for63Sn-37Pb, and 19.8 kJ/mole for Sn. Thesurface-oxidation behavior was investigated further withelectron spectroscopy for chemical analysis (ESCA) and Auger electronspectroscopy (AES). AES profiles showed that oxides ofZn and Al formed on 91Sn-9Zn and 91Sn-9(95Zn-5Al)solders, while tin oxide is formed on 63Sn-37Pbsolder.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1018840405283
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hydrolysis of zirconium alkoxide under an uncontrolled atmosphere (1988)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 23 (1988), S. 3666-3670 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The laboratory prepared zirconium n-butoxide was hydrolysed under an uncontrolled atmosphere by exposing it to air moisture (natural hydrolysis) or adding water solutions at various pH (accelerated hydrolysis) to the alkoxide solutions. Investigations were performed on the effects of the different processes and the pH of the water solutions on the products morphology, crystallinity and phase transformation. XRD, SEM, TEM and SAD were used for these investigations. A strong correlation between crystallite size, calculated with Scherrer formula, and phase transformation was observed in the present work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00540511
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization and metastability of alkoxy-derived tetragonal zirconia powder (1991)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 26 (1991), S. 2501-2506 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The zirconia powders were synthesized through the hydrolysis of zirconiumn-butoxides with air moisture as well as with aqueous solutions of different pH values to investigate the metastability of tetragonal (t)-ZrO2. The SEM and TEM observations reveal that powders prepared with air moisture hydrolysis consist of spherical particles of 0.5–3.5 Μm diameter, while gel-like powders composed of finer particles were obtained with aqueous solution hydrolysis. The samples obtained show different crystallization and tetragonal/monoclinic transformation temperatures on differential thermal analysis. The metastability of t-ZrO2, investigated in terms of relative content with X-ray diffraction, was not explicable through the crystallite size effect. Instead, the existence of unpaired electrons, detected using electron paramagnetic resonance, and the strain within the powders, were found to be probably influential in affecting the metastability of t-ZrO2.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01130202
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The composition and microstructure of electrodeposited solder on electroless nickel in the presence of gelatine (1995)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 30 (1995), S. 1879-1883 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of gelatine addition to the electrodeposition bath on the tin content of the solder deposits was investigated. The results showed that as little as 0.5 gl−1 gelatine greatly enhanced the tin content of the deposits. The maximum tin content achievable for the deposit was approximately equal to the percentage of tin in the deposition bath. A lower current density and a greater metal content of the deposition bath tended to offset the effect of gelatine in promoting tin content of the deposit. Gelatine was found, with the aid of scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffractometry, strongly to affect the morphology and facet orientation of the deposits.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00351625
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dispersion of alkoxide-hydrolysed zirconia powders in aqueous suspensions (1989)
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 8 (1989), S. 49-51 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00720248
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